Complete Python Handbook (Beginner →
Advanced)
This handbook is designed for students who want to learn Python step■by■step. It includes simple
explanations, many example programs, and practice exercises.
1. Introduction to Python
Python is one of the most popular programming languages in the world.
It is used in:
• Web development
• Data science
• Artificial intelligence
• Automation
• Embedded systems
Python is easy to learn because its syntax is simple and readable.
Example Code
print("Hello World")
print("Welcome to Python")
Practice Exercises
• Install Python
• Run a Hello World program
• Print your name and age using Python
2. Variables and Data Types
Variables store information in memory.
Common Python data types:
• int (integer)
• float (decimal numbers)
• str (text)
• bool (True/False)
Example Code
name = "Praveen"
age = 21
height = 5.8
student = True
print(name)
print(type(age))
Practice Exercises
• Create variables for your name, city, and branch
• Print the type of each variable
3. Operators
Operators perform operations on values.
Types of operators:
Arithmetic: + - * / %
Comparison: == != > <
Logical: and or not
Example Code
a = 10
b = 5
print(a + b)
print(a - b)
print(a > b)
print(a > 5 and b < 10)
Practice Exercises
• Write a program to calculate area of a rectangle
4. Conditional Statements
Conditional statements allow decision making in programs.
Python supports:
if
elif
else
Example Code
marks = 80
if marks >= 90:
print("Grade A")
elif marks >= 60:
print("Grade B")
else:
print("Grade C")
Practice Exercises
• Write a program to check if a number is even or odd
5. Loops
Loops repeat a block of code multiple times.
Types:
for loop
while loop
Example Code
for i in range(1,6):
print(i)
x = 0
while x < 5:
print(x)
x += 1
Practice Exercises
• Print numbers from 1 to 10
• Find sum of first 10 numbers
6. Functions
Functions help organize programs into reusable blocks.
Example Code
def add(a,b):
return a+b
print(add(5,3))
Practice Exercises
• Create a function that finds square of a number
7. Lists
Lists store multiple values in one variable.
Example Code
numbers = [1,2,3,4]
[Link](5)
for n in numbers:
print(n)
Practice Exercises
• Create a list of 5 fruits and print them
8. Tuples
Tuples are similar to lists but cannot be modified.
Example Code
data = (10,20,30)
print(data[1])
Practice Exercises
• Create a tuple with 5 numbers
9. Dictionaries
Dictionaries store key■value pairs.
Example Code
student = {
"name":"Praveen",
"age":21,
"branch":"ECE"
}
print(student["name"])
Practice Exercises
• Create a dictionary for a book (title, author, price)
10. Strings
Strings represent text and support many useful methods.
Example Code
text = "python programming"
print([Link]())
print([Link]())
print(len(text))
Practice Exercises
• Reverse a string
11. File Handling
Python allows reading and writing files.
Example Code
file = open("[Link]","w")
[Link]("Hello Python")
[Link]()
Practice Exercises
• Write a program to save your name into a file
12. Exception Handling
Exception handling prevents program crashes.
Example Code
try:
a = 10/0
except:
print("Error occurred")
Practice Exercises
• Write a program that handles division by zero
13. Object Oriented Programming
OOP helps structure large programs.
Concepts:
• Class
• Object
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
Example Code
class Student:
def __init__(self,name):
[Link] = name
def greet(self):
print("Hello", [Link])
s1 = Student("Praveen")
[Link]()
Practice Exercises
• Create a class called Car with attributes name and speed
14. Inheritance
Inheritance allows a class to inherit features from another class.
Example Code
class Animal:
def speak(self):
print("Animal speaks")
class Dog(Animal):
pass
d = Dog()
[Link]()
Practice Exercises
• Create a class Vehicle and inherit it with Car
15. Modules and Libraries
Modules help organize Python code.
Popular libraries:
NumPy
Pandas
Matplotlib
TensorFlow
Example Code
import math
print([Link](36))
Practice Exercises
• Import math module and calculate factorial of 6
16. Python Mini Project: Calculator
A simple calculator project using Python.
Example Code
a = int(input("Enter first number: "))
b = int(input("Enter second number: "))
print("Addition:",a+b)
print("Subtraction:",a-b)
print("Multiplication:",a*b)
print("Division:",a/b)
Practice Exercises
• Extend calculator to support power operation
17. Automation Example
Python can automate repetitive tasks.
Example Code
import os
files = [Link]()
print(files)
Practice Exercises
• List all files in a folder
18. Python for Embedded / IoT
Python (MicroPython) is used in microcontrollers such as:
• Raspberry Pi Pico
• ESP32
Useful for IoT and embedded systems.
Example Code
from machine import Pin
from time import sleep
led = Pin(25, [Link])
while True:
[Link]()
sleep(1)
Practice Exercises
• Blink LED using MicroPython
19. Tips to Master Python
Practice daily.
Build small projects.
Read other people's code.
Solve programming problems.
Example Code
print("Keep coding!")
Practice Exercises
• Write at least 5 small Python programs