CHAPTER 2 MOTION (NOTES )

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1

I. Very Short Answer Questions

1. Define displacement.

Displacement is defined as the shortest straight-line distance between the initial

position and the final position of an object in a specific direction.

2. What do you understand by distance?

Distance is the total length of the actual path traveled by an object, regardless of the
direction taken.

3. Is it possible that a body has zero displacement but non-zero distance? Give
example.

Yes, it is possible. For example, if a person walks around a circular track and returns
exactly to their starting point, their displacement is zero because their initial and final
positions are the same, but the distance they traveled is the circumference of the track.

4. Is it possible that a body has zero distance but non-zero displacement?

No, it is not possible. If an object has moved at all (resulting in non-zero

displacement), it must have covered some path length (distance). Distance is always
equal to or greater than the magnitude of displacement.

II. Short Answer Questions

5. Give units of distance and displacement.

The standard SI unit for both distance and displacement is the meter (m).

6. Write difference between the motion of animals and that of plants.

Animals generally exhibit locomotion, meaning they can move their entire bodies
from one place to another.

Plants, however, typically move only specific parts (such as roots growing toward
water or flowers turning toward the sun) while remaining fixed in one location.

7. What do you understand by the term ‘origin’ or the ‘reference point’?

An origin or reference point is a fixed point used as a baseline to describe the

position, distance, or direction of an object's motion.
 8. A farmer moves along the boundary of a square field of side 10 m in 40 s. What
will be the magnitude of displacement of the farmer at the end of 2 minutes 20
seconds?

 Perimeter of the field: 4×10 m=40 m.

 Time for one round: 40 seconds.
 Total time: 2 minutes 20 seconds=140 seconds.
 Total rounds completed: 140/40=3.5 rounds.
 Result: After 3.5 rounds, the farmer is at the corner diagonally opposite the starting
point. Using the Pythagorean theorem (a2+b2=c2), the magnitude of displacement is
102+102=200≈14.14 m.

III. Long Answer Questions

9. ‘Explain Motion is relative’. This means that whether an object is seen as "moving"
or "at rest" depends entirely on the frame of reference of the observer. For example,
a person sitting in a moving bus is at rest relative to the seats in the bus, but is in
motion relative to a person standing on the sidewalk.
10. Write difference between the motion of living objects and non-living objects.
Living objects can move on their own (spontaneous motion) using internal energy,
such as muscles or growth. Non-living objects cannot move by themselves and only
move when an external force is applied to them.

IV. Numerical Problems

11. You walk upto your friend’s house travelling a distance of 25 m on straight path.

 (i) What is your displacement and distance?

o Distance: Since you travelled 25 m, the total path length is 25 m1.
o Displacement: Because the movement is along a straight
path in one direction, the shortest distance between your
starting and ending points is also 25 m1.
 (ii) When you reach back to your house travelling on the
same path, what are your displacement and distance?
o Distance: The total path covered is the trip to the house (25
m) plus the trip back (25 m), which equals 50 m1.
o Displacement: Since your initial position and final position
are now the same (you are back at your house), your
displacement is 0 m1.

12. A body is moving along a circular path of radius R. What will be the distance and
displacement of the body, when it completes half a revolution?1

 Distance: In half a revolution, the body covers half the circumference of the circle.
o Distance=21×2πR=πR1.
 Displacement: Displacement is the straight-line distance between the starting point
and the ending point after half a circle, which is equal to the diameter of the path.
o Displacement=2R1.

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 SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 2

I. Very Short Answer Questions

1. What does the slope of speed-time graph indicate?

The slope of a speed-time graph indicates the magnitude of acceleration of the

object.

2. Can average speed and speed of a moving body be the same?

Yes, they are the same if the body is moving with a constant (uniform) speed.

3. Distinguish between speed and velocity.

Speed is a scalar quantity that refers to "how fast an object is moving"

(distance/time).

Velocity is a vector quantity that refers to "the rate at which an object changes its
position" (displacement/time).

4. Under what condition(s) is the magnitude of average velocity of an object equal

to its average speed?

This occurs only when an object moves in a straight line in a single direction.

5. What does the path of an object look like when it is in uniform motion?

The path of an object in uniform motion is a straight line.

II. Short Answer Questions

6. Plot a time-displacement graph for uniform motion. How will you find velocity?

For uniform motion, the displacement-time graph is a straight line slanted to the time
axis. To find the velocity, you calculate the slope of the line
(Slope=Change in Displacement/Change in Time).

7. Conditions for magnitude of average velocity and average speed to be the same.

They are equal when the total distance traveled is equal to the magnitude of the
displacement, which happens during unidirectional motion along a straight path.

8. Can the average velocity of a moving object be zero? If yes, give an example.
 Yes. For example, if a person runs around a circular track and returns to the starting
point, the total displacement is zero, making the average velocity 0 m/s.

9. Can the average speed of a moving object be zero? Give example.

No, the average speed of a moving object cannot be zero. If an object is moving, it
covers some distance, and since distance is always positive, average speed will always
be greater than zero.

III. Long Answer Questions

10. Define speed and velocity. Is velocity vector or scalar?

o Speed: Distance traveled per unit time. It is a scalar quantity.
o Velocity: Displacement per unit time in a given direction. It is a vector
quantity.
o Differences: (1) Speed has only magnitude; Velocity has both magnitude and
direction.
o (2) Speed is always positive; Velocity can be positive, negative, or zero.
o (3) Speed depends on distance; Velocity depends on displacement.
o (4) For a circular path, speed can be constant while velocity is changing.

11. A bus moves from station A to station B with a speed of 50 km/h travelling a
distance 10 km. Then the driver increases the speed upto 60 km/h. One of the
passengers asks the driver to decrease the speed of the bus because as per traffic
rule maximum speed limit for heavy vehicles is 40 km/h. After 6 minutes moving
with the speed of 60 km/h, it reaches station C. Then driver decreases the speed
of the bus and reaches station D, which is 12 km from station C.

(a) If the average speed of the bus is 40 km/h, what is the speed of the bus between
stations C and D?

(b) Calculate the distance covered by the bus from station B to station C.

(c) What value is shown by the passenger who asks the driver to decrease the speed of
the bus?

(a) Speed between C and D: Given the average speed for the whole journey is 40 km/h and
total distance is 28 km (10+6+12), the total time must be 0.7 h13. Subtracting times for A-B
(0.2 h) and B-C (0.1 h), the time for C-D is 0.4 h. Speed C-D is 12 km/0.4 h=30 km/h.

(b) Distance from B to C: The bus travels at 60 km/h for 6 minutes (0.1 hours), so
the distance is 60×0.1=6 km.

(c) Value shown by passenger: The passenger shows safety consciousness, social
responsibility, and concern for traffic rules.

IV. Fill in the Blanks

 12. In uniform motion, speed and velocity (in a straight line) are the same.
13. In uniform motion, the displacement-time graph is a straight line.

V. Numerical Problems
14. A body travels 20 m in 5 s, 35 m in next 7 s, and then 65 m in the last 3 s. Find
average speed of the body.

 Total Distance: 20 m+35 m+65 m=120 m.

 Total Time: 5 s+7 s+3 s=15 s.
 Average Speed: Total Distance/Total Time=120/15=8 m/s.

15. A car travels from stop A to stop B with a speed of 30 km/h and then returns back to
A with a speed of 50 km/h. Find: (i) displacement (ii) distance (iii) average velocity (iv)
average speed of the car.

 (i) Displacement: Since the car returns to its starting point (A), the final position is
the same as the initial position, so displacement is 01.
 (ii) Distance: If the distance between A and B is d, the car travels d to B and d back
to A. Total distance = 2d.
 (iii) Average Velocity: Total Displacement/Total Time=0/Total Time=0.
 (iv) Average Speed: Let d be the distance between A and B.
o Time to B=d/30. Time back to A=d/50.
o Total Time=30d+50d=1508d.
o Average Speed=8d/1502d=8300=37.5 km/h.

21. The odometer of a vehicle reads 250 km at the start of a journey and 750 km at the
end of the journey the time taken is 10 hrs. Find average speed in km/h and m/s.

 Total Distance: 750 km−250 km=500 km.

 Average Speed (km/h): 500 km/10 h=50 km/h.
 Average Speed (m/s): 50×(185)=18250≈13.89 m/s.