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RETAINING WALL ANALYSIS

In accordance with International Building Code 2018
Tedds calculation version 2.9.15

Analysis summary
Design summary
Overall design utilisation; 0.977
Overall design status; Pass
Description Unit Capacity Applied FoS Result
Sliding stability plf 6218 5919 1.051 FAIL
Overturning stability lb_ft/ft 45989 26667 1.725 PASS
Bearing pressure psf 2200 1084 2.029 PASS
Design summary
Description Unit Provided Required Utilisation Result
Stem p0 rear face - Flexural reinforcement in2/ft 0.393 0.390 0.993 PASS
Stem p0 - Shear resistance lb/ft 9613 5031 0.523 PASS
Base top face - Flexural reinforcement in2/ft 0.393 0.324 0.825 PASS
Base bottom face - Flexural reinforcement in2/ft 0.393 0.324 0.825 PASS
Base - Shear resistance lb/ft 11584 3769 0.325 PASS
Key - Flexural reinforcement in2/ft 0.393 0.324 0.825 PASS
Key - Shear resistance lb/ft 11584 1983 0.171 PASS
Transverse stem reinforcement in2/ft 0.589 0.288 0.489 PASS
Transverse base reinforcement in2/ft 0.589 0.324 0.550 PASS
Retaining wall details
Stem type; Cantilever
Stem height; hstem = 11 ft
Stem thickness; tstem = 12 in
Angle to rear face of stem; α = 90 deg
Stem density; γstem = 150 pcf
Toe length; ltoe = 5 ft
Heel length; lheel = 2.5 ft
Base thickness; tbase = 15 in
Key position; pkey = 7.25 ft
Key depth; dkey = 2 ft
Key thickness; tkey = 15 in
Base density; γbase = 150 pcf
Height of retained soil; hret = 10 ft
Angle of soil surface; β = 0 deg
Depth of cover; dcover = 0 ft
Height of water; hwater = 5 ft
Water density; γw = 62 pcf

Retained soil properties

Soil type; Medium dense well graded sand
Moist density; γmr = 135 pcf
Saturated density; γsr = 145 pcf
Effective angle of internal resistance; φr = 30 deg
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Effective wall friction angle; δr = 0 deg

Base soil properties

Soil type; Medium dense well graded sand
Soil density; γb = 115 pcf
Cohesion; cb = 0 psf
Effective angle of internal resistance; φb = 30 deg
Effective wall friction angle; δb = 15 deg
Effective base friction angle; δbb = 30 deg
Gross allowable bearing pressure; qallow_gross = 2200 psf
Loading details
Live surcharge load; SurchargeL = 100 psf

5' 1' 2' 6"

1'

100 psf
33 psf
11'

258 psf
10'

13' 3"
5'
1' 3"

820 psf
2'

-1797 psf

1084 psf 649 psf

7' 3" 1' 3"

8' 6"

General arrangement - sketch pressures relate to bearing check

Calculate retaining wall geometry

Base length; lbase = ltoe + tstem + lheel = 8.5 ft
Base height; hbase = tbase + dkey = 3.25 ft
Saturated soil height; hsat = hwater + dcover = 5 ft
Moist soil height; hmoist = hret - hwater = 5 ft
Length of surcharge load; lsur = lheel = 2.5 ft
- Distance to vertical component; xsur_v = lbase - lheel / 2 = 7.25 ft
Effective height of wall; heff = hbase + dcover + hret = 13.25 ft
- Distance to horizontal component; xsur_h = heff / 2 - dkey = 4.625 ft
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- Distance to horizontal component above key; xsur_h_a = (heff - dkey) / 2 = 5.625 ft

Area of wall stem; Astem = hstem × tstem = 11 ft2
- Distance to vertical component; xstem = ltoe + tstem / 2 = 5.5 ft
Area of wall base; Abase = lbase × tbase + dkey × tkey = 13.125 ft2
- Distance to vertical component; xbase = (lbase2 × tbase / 2 + dkey × tkey × (pkey + tkey / 2)) / Abase = 4.94 ft
Area of saturated soil; Asat = hsat × lheel = 12.5 ft2
- Distance to vertical component; xsat_v = lbase - (hsat × lheel2 / 2) / Asat = 7.25 ft
- Distance to horizontal component; xsat_h = (hsat + hbase) / 3 - dkey = 0.75 ft
- Distance to horizontal component above key; xsat_h_a = (hsat + tbase) / 3 = 2.083 ft
Area of water; Awater = hsat × lheel = 12.5 ft2
- Distance to vertical component; xwater_v = lbase - (hsat × lheel2 / 2) / Asat = 7.25 ft
- Distance to uplift component; xwater_u = 2 × lbase / 3 = 5.667 ft
- Distance to horizontal component; xwater_h = (hsat + hbase) / 3 - dkey = 0.75 ft
- Distance to horizontal component above key; xwater_h_a = (hsat + tbase) / 3 = 2.083 ft
Area of moist soil; Amoist = hmoist × lheel = 12.5 ft2
- Distance to vertical component; xmoist_v = lbase - (hmoist × lheel2 / 2) / Amoist = 7.25 ft
- Distance to horizontal component; xmoist_h = (hmoist × (tbase + hsat + hmoist / 3) / 2 + (hsat + hbase) × ((hsat + hbase)/2 -
dkey)) / (hsat + hbase + hmoist / 2) = 3.472 ft
- Distance to horizontal component above key; xmoist_h_a = (hmoist × (tbase + hsat + hmoist / 3) / 2 + (hsat + tbase)2/2) / (hsat + tbase +
hmoist / 2) = 4.494 ft
Using Coulomb theory
Active pressure coefficient; KA = sin(α + φr)2 / (sin(α)2 × sin(α - δr) × [1 + √[sin(φr + δr) × sin(φr - β) /
(sin(α - δr) × sin(α + β))]]2) = 0.333
Passive pressure coefficient; KP = sin(90 - φb)2 / (sin(90 + δb) × [1 - √[sin(φb + δb) × sin(φb) / (sin(90 +
δb))]]2) = 4.977

From IBC 2018 cl.1807.2.3 Safety factor

Load combination 1; 1.0 × Dead + 1.0 × Live + 1.0 × Lateral earth

Sliding check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = Astem × γstem = 1650 plf
Wall base; Fbase = Abase × γbase = 1969 plf
Surcharge load; Fsur_v = SurchargeL × lheel = 250 plf
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_v = Asat × (γsr - γw) = 1034 plf
Water; Fwater_v = Awater × γw = 779 plf
Water uplift; Fwater_u = (hsat + tbase) × lbase / 2 × γw = 1655 plf
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = Amoist × γmr = 1688 plf
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsur_v + Fsat_v + Fwater_v - Fwater_u + Fmoist_v = 5714 plf
Horizontal forces on wall
Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA × SurchargeL × heff = 442 plf
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_h = KA × (γsr - γw) × (hsat + hbase)2 / 2 = 938 plf
Water; Fwater_h = γw × (hwater + dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = 2120 plf
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Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = KA × γmr × ((heff - hsat - hbase)2 / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) × (hsat + hbase)) =
2419 plf
Total; Ftotal_h = Fsur_h + Fsat_h + Fwater_h + Fmoist_h = 5919 plf
Check stability against sliding
Base soil resistance; Fexc_h = KP × cos(δb) × γb × (hpass + hbase)2 / 2 = 2919 plf
Base friction; Ffriction = Ftotal_v × tan(δbb) = 3299 plf
Resistance to sliding; Frest = Fexc_h + Ffriction = 6218 plf
Factor of safety; FoSsl = Frest / Ftotal_h = 1.051; < 1.5
FAIL - Factor of safety against sliding is inadequate
Overturning check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = Astem × γstem = 1650 plf
Wall base; Fbase = Abase × γbase = 1969 plf
Surcharge load; Fsur_v = SurchargeL × lheel = 250 plf
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_v = Asat × (γsr - γw) = 1034 plf
Water; Fwater_v = Awater × γw = 779 plf
Water uplift; Fwater_u = (hsat + tbase) × lbase / 2 × γw = 1655 plf
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = Amoist × γmr = 1688 plf
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsur_v + Fsat_v + Fwater_v - Fwater_u + Fmoist_v = 5714 plf
Horizontal forces on wall
Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA × SurchargeL × (heff - dkey) = 375 plf
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_h = KA × (γsr - γw) × (hsat + tbase)2 / 2 = 538 plf
Water; Fwater_h = γw × (hwater + dcover + tbase)2 / 2 = 1217 plf
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = KA × γmr × ((heff - hsat - hbase)2 / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) × (hsat + tbase)) =
1969 plf
Base soil; Fexc_h = -KP × cos(δb) × γb × (hpass + hbase)2 / 2 = -2919 plf
Total; Ftotal_h = Fsur_h + Fsat_h + Fwater_h + Fmoist_h + Fexc_h = 1179 plf
Overturning moments on wall
Surcharge load; Msur_OT = Fsur_h × xsur_h_a = 2109 lb_ft/ft
Saturated retained soil; Msat_OT = Fsat_h × xsat_h_a = 1122 lb_ft/ft
Water; Mwater_OT = Fwater_h × xwater_h_a + Fwater_u × xwater_u = 11912 lb_ft/ft
Moist retained soil; Mmoist_OT = Fmoist_h × xmoist_h_a = 8848 lb_ft/ft
Base soil; Mexc_OT = Fexc_h × xexc_h = 2676 lb_ft/ft
Total; Mtotal_OT = Msur_OT + Msat_OT + Mwater_OT + Mmoist_OT + Mexc_OT = 26667 lb_ft/ft
Restoring moments on wall
Wall stem; Mstem_R = Fstem × xstem = 9075 lb_ft/ft
Wall base; Mbase_R = Fbase × xbase = 9727 lb_ft/ft
Surcharge load; Msur_R = Fsur_v × xsur_v = 1812 lb_ft/ft
Saturated retained soil; Msat_R = Fsat_v × xsat_v = 7495 lb_ft/ft
Water; Mwater_R = Fwater_v × xwater_v = 5646 lb_ft/ft
Moist retained soil; Mmoist_R = Fmoist_v × xmoist_v = 12234 lb_ft/ft
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Total; Mtotal_R = Mstem_R + Mbase_R + Msur_R + Msat_R + Mwater_R + Mmoist_R = 45989

lb_ft/ft

Check stability against overturning

Factor of safety; FoSot = Mtotal_R / Mtotal_OT = 1.725; > 1.5
PASS - Factor of safety against overturning is adequate
Bearing pressure check
Vertical forces on wall
Wall stem; Fstem = Astem × γstem = 1650 plf
Wall base; Fbase = Abase × γbase = 1969 plf
Surcharge load; Fsur_v = SurchargeL × lheel = 250 plf
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_v = Asat × (γsr - γw) = 1034 plf
Water; Fwater_v = Awater × γw = 779 plf
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_v = Amoist × γmr = 1688 plf
Total; Ftotal_v = Fstem + Fbase + Fsur_v + Fsat_v + Fwater_v + Fmoist_v = 7369 plf
Horizontal forces on wall
Surcharge load; Fsur_h = KA × SurchargeL × (heff - dkey) = 375 plf
Saturated retained soil; Fsat_h = KA × (γsr - γw) × (hsat + tbase)2 / 2 = 538 plf
Water; Fwater_h = γw × (hwater + dcover + tbase)2 / 2 = 1217 plf
Moist retained soil; Fmoist_h = KA × γmr × ((heff - hsat - hbase)2 / 2 + (heff - hsat - hbase) × (hsat + tbase)) =
1969 plf
Base soil; Fpass_h = -KP × cos(δb) × γb × (dcover + hbase)2 / 2 = -2919 plf
Total; Ftotal_h = max(Fsur_h + Fsat_h + Fwater_h + Fmoist_h + Fpass_h - Ftotal_v × tan(δbb), 0
plf) = 0 plf
Moments on wall
Wall stem; Mstem = Fstem × xstem = 9075 lb_ft/ft
Wall base; Mbase = Fbase × xbase = 9727 lb_ft/ft
Surcharge load; Msur = Fsur_v × xsur_v - Fsur_h × xsur_h_a = -297 lb_ft/ft
Saturated retained soil; Msat = Fsat_v × xsat_v - Fsat_h × xsat_h_a = 6373 lb_ft/ft
Water; Mwater = Fwater_v × xwater_v - Fwater_h × xwater_h_a = 3111 lb_ft/ft
Moist retained soil; Mmoist = Fmoist_v × xmoist_v - Fmoist_h × xmoist_h_a = 3387 lb_ft/ft
Base soil; Mpass = -Fpass_h × xpass_h = -2676 lb_ft/ft
Total; Mtotal = Mstem + Mbase + Msur + Msat + Mwater + Mmoist + Mpass = 28699 lb_ft/ft
Check bearing pressure
Distance to reaction; ⎯x = Mtotal / Ftotal_v = 3.895 ft
Eccentricity of reaction; e = ⎯x - lbase / 2 = -0.355 ft
Loaded length of base; lload = lbase = 8.5 ft
Bearing pressure at toe; qtoe = Ftotal_v / lbase × (1 - 6 × e / lbase) = 1084 psf
Bearing pressure at heel; qheel = Ftotal_v / lbase × (1 + 6 × e / lbase) = 649 psf
Allowable bearing capacity; qallow = qallow_gross = 2200 psf
Factor of safety; FoSbp = qallow / max(qtoe, qheel) = 2.029;
PASS - Allowable bearing pressure exceeds maximum applied bearing pressure
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Section Sheet no./rev.

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M 2023-03-16

RETAINING WALL DESIGN

In accordance with ACI 318-14
Tedds calculation version 2.9.15

Concrete details
Compressive strength of concrete; f'c = 3000 psi
Concrete type; Normal weight

Reinforcement details
Yield strength of reinforcement; fy = 60000 psi
Modulus of elasticity or reinforcement; Es = 29000000 psi
Compression-controlled strain limit; εty = 0.002

Cover to reinforcement
Front face of stem; csf = 1.5 in
Rear face of stem; csr = 2 in
Top face of base; cbt = 2 in
Bottom face of base; cbb = 3 in
From IBC 2018 cl.1605.2 Basic load combinations
Load combination no.1; 1.4 × Dead
Load combination no.2; 1.2 × Dead + 1.6 × Live + 1.6 × Lateral earth
Load combination no.3; 1.2 × Dead + 1.0 × Earthquake + 1.0 × Live + 1.6 × Lateral earth
Load combination no.4; 0.9 × Dead + 1.0 × Earthquake + 1.6 × Lateral earth

-1.2
Shear force - Combination No.1 - kips/ft
1.7
Loading details - Combination No.1 - kips/ft2

0
2.31

Bending moment - Combination No.1 - kips_ft/ft

Stem

0.2
0.95

0.95
0.95
0.58

0.58
0.58
0.44

0.44
0.44
0.26

0.26
0.26

0.26
0.26

0 0
0.53

Toe
1.63
1.63

Heel
2.63
2.63
2.9
Key

0 00 0
X -0.3

Z 0
-0.5 0.1
0.1
-0.6
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Shear force - Combination No.2 - kips/ft Bending moment - Combination No.2 - kips_ft/ft
Loading details - Combination No.2 - kips/ft2

0.05

1.98
Stem

0.36
0.36

4.2
0.81

0.81
0.81

0.05
0.22
0.36
0.5 2.7 -8.2
0.37

0.37
0.37
0.23

0.23
0.23

0.23
0.23
0.16

0.16
0.16
0.5

0.5
0.5

0.6 2 -0.2 -3.3

1.1
0.1 -5 0.1 19.3
0.45

Toe Heel
0.83

0.05
0.36
0.5
1.12
1.12

1.25
1.25
1.28
Key

11.1

0.05
0.36
0.66
X

Shear force - Combination No.3 - kips/ft Bending moment - Combination No.3 - kips_ft/ft
Loading details - Combination No.3 - kips/ft2

0.03
1.98
Stem

0.36
0.36

4
0.81

0.81
.81
0.81

0.03
0.22
0.36
0.5 2.5 -7.8
0.37

0.37
0.37
0.23

0.23
0.23

0.23
0.23
0.5

0.5
0.5
0.1

0.1
0.1
0

0.5 1.9 -0.2 -3.2

1
0.1 -4.8 0.1 18.2
0.45

Toe Heel
0.76

0.03
0.36
0.5
1.12
1.12

1.27
1.27
1.31
Key

10.4

0.03
0.36
0.66
X

Z
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Section Sheet no./rev.

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Shear force - Combination No.4 - kips/ft Bending moment - Combination No.4 - kips_ft/ft
Loading details - Combination No.4 - kips/ft2

1.49
Stem

0.36
0.36

3.3
0.61

0.61
0.61

-7
0.37

0.37
0.37

0.22
0.36 2.1
0.28

0.5
0.28
0.28
0.17

0.17
0.17

0.17
0.17

0.5 1.9 -0.2 -3.1

0.9
0.1 -4.5 0.1 16.3
0.34

Toe Heel 0.36

0.5
0.74

0.76
0.76

0.77
0.77
Key

9.3

0.36
0.66
X

Check stem design at base of stem

Depth of section; h = 12 in
Rectangular section in flexure - Section 22.3
Design bending moment combination 2; M = 16162 lb_ft/ft
Depth of tension reinforcement; d = h - csr - φsr / 2 = 9.75 in
Compression reinforcement provided; No.4 bars @ 6" c/c
Area of compression reinforcement provided; [Link] = π × φsf2 / (4 × ssf) = 0.393 in2/ft
Tension reinforcement provided; No.4 bars @ 6" c/c
Area of tension reinforcement provided; [Link] = π × φsr2 / (4 × ssr) = 0.393 in2/ft
Maximum reinforcement spacing - cl.11.7.2; smax = min(18 in, 3 × h) = 18 in
PASS - Reinforcement is adequately spaced
Depth of compression block; a = [Link] × fy / (0.85 × f'c) = 0.77 in
Neutral axis factor - cl.[Link].3; β1 = min(max(0.85 - 0.05 × (f'c - 4 ksi) / 1 ksi, 0.65), 0.85) = 0.85
Depth to neutral axis; c = a / β1 = 0.906 in
Strain in reinforcement; εt = 0.003 × (d - c) / c = 0.029289
Section is in the tension controlled zone
Strength reduction factor; φf = min(max(0.65 + 0.25 ×(εt - εty) / 0.003, 0.65), 0.9) = 0.9
Nominal flexural strength; Mn = [Link] × fy × (d - a / 2) = 18388 lb_ft/ft
Design flexural strength; φMn = φf × Mn = 16549 lb_ft/ft
M / φMn = 0.977
PASS - Design flexural strength exceeds factored bending moment
By iteration, reinforcement required by analysis; [Link] = 0.383 in2/ft
Minimum area of reinforcement - cl.[Link]; [Link] = max(3 × √(f'c × 1 psi), 200 psi) × d / fy = 0.39 in2/ft
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than minimum area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear - Section 22.5
Design shear force; V = 5031 lb/ft
Concrete modification factor - cl.19.2.4; λ=1
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Nominal concrete shear strength - eqn.[Link]; Vc = 2 × λ × √(f'c × 1 psi) × d = 12817 lb/ft

Strength reduction factor; φs = 0.75
Design concrete shear strength - cl.[Link]; φVc = φs × Vc = 9613 lb/ft
V / φVc = 0.523
PASS - No shear reinforcement is required
Horizontal reinforcement parallel to face of stem
Minimum area of reinforcement - cl.11.6.1; [Link] = 0.002 × tstem = 0.288 in2/ft
Transverse reinforcement provided; No.4 bars @ 8" c/c each face
Area of transverse reinforcement provided; [Link] = 2 × π × φsx2 / (4 × ssx) = 0.589 in2/ft
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Check base design at toe
Depth of section; h = 15 in
Rectangular section in flexure - Section 22.3
Design bending moment combination 2; M = 9118 lb_ft/ft
Depth of tension reinforcement; d = h - cbb - φbb / 2 = 11.75 in
Compression reinforcement provided; No.4 bars @ 6" c/c
Area of compression reinforcement provided; [Link] = π × φbt2 / (4 × sbt) = 0.393 in2/ft
Tension reinforcement provided; No.4 bars @ 6" c/c
Area of tension reinforcement provided; [Link] = π × φbb2 / (4 × sbb) = 0.393 in2/ft
Maximum reinforcement spacing - cl.[Link]; smax = min(18 in, 3 × h) = 18 in
PASS - Reinforcement is adequately spaced
Depth of compression block; a = [Link] × fy / (0.85 × f'c) = 0.77 in
Neutral axis factor - cl.[Link].3; β1 = min(max(0.85 - 0.05 × (f'c - 4 ksi) / 1 ksi, 0.65), 0.85) = 0.85
Depth to neutral axis; c = a / β1 = 0.906 in
Strain in reinforcement; εt = 0.003 × (d - c) / c = 0.035912
Section is in the tension controlled zone
Strength reduction factor; φf = min(max(0.65 + 0.25 ×(εt - εty) / 0.003, 0.65), 0.9) = 0.9
Nominal flexural strength; Mn = [Link] × fy × (d - a / 2) = 22315 lb_ft/ft
Design flexural strength; φMn = φf × Mn = 20084 lb_ft/ft
M / φMn = 0.454
PASS - Design flexural strength exceeds factored bending moment
By iteration, reinforcement required by analysis; [Link] = 0.175 in2/ft
Minimum area of reinforcement - cl.[Link]; [Link] = 0.0018 × h = 0.324 in2/ft
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than minimum area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear - Section 22.5
Design shear force; V = 3769 lb/ft
Concrete modification factor - cl.19.2.4; λ=1
Nominal concrete shear strength - eqn.[Link]; Vc = 2 × λ × √(f'c × 1 psi) × d = 15446 lb/ft
Strength reduction factor; φs = 0.75
Design concrete shear strength - cl.[Link]; φVc = φs × Vc = 11584 lb/ft
V / φVc = 0.325
PASS - No shear reinforcement is required
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Check base design at heel

Depth of section; h = 15 in
Rectangular section in flexure - Section 22.3
Design bending moment combination 2; M = 6966 lb_ft/ft
Depth of tension reinforcement; d = h - cbt - φbt / 2 = 12.75 in
Compression reinforcement provided; No.4 bars @ 6" c/c
Area of compression reinforcement provided; [Link] = π × φbb2 / (4 × sbb) = 0.393 in2/ft
Tension reinforcement provided; No.4 bars @ 6" c/c
Area of tension reinforcement provided; [Link] = π × φbt2 / (4 × sbt) = 0.393 in2/ft
Maximum reinforcement spacing - cl.[Link]; smax = min(18 in, 3 × h) = 18 in
PASS - Reinforcement is adequately spaced
Depth of compression block; a = [Link] × fy / (0.85 × f'c) = 0.77 in
Neutral axis factor - cl.[Link].3; β1 = min(max(0.85 - 0.05 × (f'c - 4 ksi) / 1 ksi, 0.65), 0.85) = 0.85
Depth to neutral axis; c = a / β1 = 0.906 in
Strain in reinforcement; εt = 0.003 × (d - c) / c = 0.039224
Section is in the tension controlled zone
Strength reduction factor; φf = min(max(0.65 + 0.25 ×(εt - εty) / 0.003, 0.65), 0.9) = 0.9
Nominal flexural strength; Mn = [Link] × fy × (d - a / 2) = 24279 lb_ft/ft
Design flexural strength; φMn = φf × Mn = 21851 lb_ft/ft
M / φMn = 0.319
PASS - Design flexural strength exceeds factored bending moment
By iteration, reinforcement required by analysis; [Link] = 0.123 in2/ft
Minimum area of reinforcement - cl.[Link]; [Link] = 0.0018 × h = 0.324 in2/ft
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than minimum area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear - Section 22.5
Design shear force; V = 2683 lb/ft
Concrete modification factor - cl.19.2.4; λ=1
Nominal concrete shear strength - eqn.[Link]; Vc = 2 × λ × √(f'c × 1 psi) × d = 16760 lb/ft
Strength reduction factor; φs = 0.75
Design concrete shear strength - cl.[Link]; φVc = φs × Vc = 12570 lb/ft
V / φVc = 0.213
PASS - No shear reinforcement is required
Check key design
Depth of section; h = 15 in
Rectangular section in flexure - Section 22.3
Design bending moment combination 2; M = 2036 lb_ft/ft
Depth of tension reinforcement; d = h - cbb - φk / 2 = 11.75 in
Compression reinforcement provided; No.4 bars @ 6" c/c
Area of compression reinforcement provided; [Link] = π × φk2 / (4 × sk) = 0.393 in2/ft
Tension reinforcement provided; No.4 bars @ 6" c/c
Area of tension reinforcement provided; [Link] = π × φk2 / (4 × sk) = 0.393 in2/ft
Maximum reinforcement spacing - cl.[Link]; smax = min(18 in, 3 × h) = 18 in
 Project Job Ref.

Section Sheet no./rev.

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Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
M 2023-03-16

PASS - Reinforcement is adequately spaced

Depth of compression block; a = [Link] × fy / (0.85 × f'c) = 0.77 in
Neutral axis factor - cl.[Link].3; β1 = min(max(0.85 - 0.05 × (f'c - 4 ksi) / 1 ksi, 0.65), 0.85) = 0.85
Depth to neutral axis; c = a / β1 = 0.906 in
Strain in reinforcement; εt = 0.003 × (d - c) / c = 0.035912
Section is in the tension controlled zone
Strength reduction factor; φf = min(max(0.65 + 0.25 ×(εt - εty) / 0.003, 0.65), 0.9) = 0.9
Nominal flexural strength; Mn = [Link] × fy × (d - a / 2) = 22315 lb_ft/ft
Design flexural strength; φMn = φf × Mn = 20084 lb_ft/ft
M / φMn = 0.101
PASS - Design flexural strength exceeds factored bending moment
By iteration, reinforcement required by analysis; [Link] = 0.039 in2/ft
Minimum area of reinforcement - cl.[Link]; [Link] = 0.0018 × h = 0.324 in2/ft
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than minimum area of reinforcement required
Rectangular section in shear - Section 22.5
Design shear force; V = 1983 lb/ft
Concrete modification factor - cl.19.2.4; λ=1
Nominal concrete shear strength - eqn.[Link]; Vc = 2 × λ × √(f'c × 1 psi) × d = 15446 lb/ft
Strength reduction factor; φs = 0.75
Design concrete shear strength - cl.[Link]; φVc = φs × Vc = 11584 lb/ft
V / φVc = 0.171
PASS - No shear reinforcement is required
Transverse reinforcement parallel to base
Minimum area of reinforcement - cl.[Link]; [Link] = 0.0018 × tbase = 0.324 in2/ft
Transverse reinforcement provided; No.4 bars @ 8" c/c each face
Area of transverse reinforcement provided; [Link] = 2 × π × φbx2 / (4 × sbx) = 0.589 in2/ft
PASS - Area of reinforcement provided is greater than area of reinforcement required
Project Job Ref.

Section Sheet no./rev.

12
Calc. by Date Chk'd by Date App'd by Date
M 2023-03-16

1.5" 2"

No.4 bars @ 8" c/c

horizontal reinforcement
parallel to face of stem

No.4 bars @ 6" c/c No.4 bars @ 6" c/c

No.4 bars @ 6" c/c
2"

3"
No.4 bars @ 6" c/c

No.4 bars @ 8" c/c No.4 bars @ 6" c/c

transverse reinforcement
in base

Reinforcement details