10. What are header and footer? How do you insert header and footer?
Global Awareness: It helps people stay informed about global events and social issues,
Definition: A Header is the area at the top margin of a page, while a Footer is the area at encouraging community support and activism.
the bottom margin. They typically contain information such as page numbers, dates, or
document titles that appear on every page. Negative Impacts:
How to Insert:
Go to the Insert tab on the Ribbon. Addiction and Time Wastage: Excessive use can lead to a lack of productivity and reduced
In the Header & Footer group, click on either Header or Footer. physical activity.
Choose a built-in design or select Edit Header/Footer to type your own text.
Privacy Concerns: Users often overshare personal information, making them vulnerable to
11. What is word processing software? Write any two significant features of it.
identity theft or data misuse.
Definition: Word processing software is a computer program used for creating, editing,
formatting, and printing text-based documents (e.g., Microsoft Word, Google Docs). 2. List any four routes of transmission of computer virus.
Two Significant Features:
Editing and Formatting: Users can easily change fonts, colors, and layouts, and use tools like Infected Storage Media: Using infected USB drives, external hard disks, or memory cards.
"Find and Replace."
Spelling and Grammar Check: It automatically identifies and suggests corrections for Email Attachments: Downloading or opening suspicious files sent via email.
spelling and grammatical errors.
12. Why do programmers develop computer virus? Give reasons. Insecure Website Downloads: Downloading software, games, or media from untrusted or
Programmers develop viruses for various (often malicious) reasons, including: pirated websites.
Financial Gain: To steal sensitive information like bank details or to demand ransom
Network Sharing: A virus can spread across a Local Area Network (LAN) if one connected
(Ransomware).
computer is already infected.
Data Theft/Espionage: To spy on individuals or organizations and steal private data.
Vandalism: Simply to cause damage, delete files, or disrupt the normal functioning of a 3. What is a website? Name any three popular websites you know.
computer system.
To Prove Skills: Some develop them as a challenge to find security loopholes in software. A website is a collection of related web pages, images, videos, and other digital assets that
are hosted on a web server and accessible via the internet through a URL.
13. What do you know about software piracy and digital signature?
Three Popular Websites:
Software Piracy: This is the illegal copying, distribution, or use of software without the
permission of the owner or without a valid license. It is a violation of copyright laws. Google (Search Engine)
Digital Signature: A digital signature is a mathematical technique used to validate the Wikipedia (Online Encyclopedia)
authenticity and integrity of a digital document or message. It ensures that the document
originated from a specific sender and has not been altered during transmission. YouTube (Video Sharing)
4. What is a program?
1. Write two positive and two negative impacts of social media in your society. A program (or software program) is a set of step-by-step instructions written in a
programming language that tells a computer exactly how to perform a specific task.
Positive Impacts:
5. In which year was cyber law introduced in Nepal?
Educational Opportunities: Social media provides a platform for students and teachers to
share resources, join study groups, and access tutorials. Cyber law, known as the Electronic Transactions Act (ETA), was introduced in Nepal in 2061
B.S. (2004 A.D.).
6. What are the components of CPU? Name them. Speech Recognition: Used in virtual assistants like Siri or Google Assistant.
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of three primary components: Recommendation Systems: Used by Netflix or YouTube to suggest content based on user
behavior.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs all mathematical and logical operations.
12. Which type of network is commonly used in homes?
Control Unit (CU): Manages and coordinates all the activities of the computer.
The network commonly used in homes is a LAN (Local Area Network), typically set up as a
Memory Unit (MU): Also known as registers, it temporarily stores data during processing. WLAN using a Wi-Fi router.
7. How many types of system software are there? 13. What is a flow chart?
There are generally four main types of system software: A flowchart is a visual or diagrammatic representation of a sequence of steps used to solve
a problem or complete a process. It uses specific shapes to represent different types of
Operating Systems (e.g., Windows, macOS) actions or decisions.
Device Drivers (e.g., Printer drivers) 11. What are the main uses of MS Word? Write any three uses.
Utility Software (e.g., Antivirus, disk tools) MS Word is a word processing software used primarily for creating and editing documents.
Language Translators (e.g., Compilers, Interpreters) Three uses:
8. List any two popular names of graphical package software. Creating professional documents: Used for writing letters, reports, and resumes.
Adobe Photoshop (for photo editing) Educational purposes: Used for making assignments, notes, and project reports.
CorelDRAW (for vector graphics) Graphic and Text Design: It allows users to design simple posters or flyers by combining
images and text.
9. List any two examples of multimedia software.
12. What is a computer network? Explain two types of computer networks.
Windows Media Player (or VLC Media Player)
A computer network is a collection of two or more computers connected together to share
Adobe Premiere Pro (for video editing)
data and resources (like printers or internet).
10. What is use of antivirus software?
Two types:
The primary use of antivirus software is to protect a computer system by detecting,
LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographic area, like a single room, house, or
identifying, and removing malicious software (malware) like viruses, worms, and trojans.
office building.
11. What is artificial intelligence? Write any two applications of AI.
WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers a large geographic area, such as a country or the entire
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, world (e.g., the Internet).
especially computer systems, enabling them to learn, reason, and self-correct.
13. What are input and output devices? Give two examples of each.
Two Applications of AI:
Input Devices: These are used to enter data and instructions into the computer.
Examples: Keyboard, Mouse. What is the name of the coding system used in digital computers?
Output Devices: These are used to display or print the results processed by the computer. Binary coding system (0 and 1).
Examples: Monitor, Printer. What is the extension of a MS Word document?
14. Define operating system. List any two functions of an operating system. .docx (or .doc for older versions).
An Operating System (OS) is a system software that acts as an interface between the Which key is used to refresh a webpage in a web browser?
computer user and the computer hardware.
F5 key.
Two functions:
Name any two operating systems.
Processor Management: It decides which process gets the CPU and for how much time.
Windows and Android.
File Management: It keeps track of information, location, uses, and status of files.
What is virtual reality (VR)?
15. What do you know about software piracy and digital signature?
A computer-generated environment with scenes and objects that appear to be real, making
Software Piracy: It is the unauthorized copying, distribution, or use of copyrighted software. the user feel they are immersed in their surroundings.
It is illegal and considered a form of theft.
Group 'B' - Short Answer Questions
Digital Signature: A digital signature is an electronic security mark used to verify the
authenticity and integrity of a digital document or message, ensuring it hasn't been 11. What is a computer virus? Explain any two types of computer viruses.
tampered with.
A computer virus is a malicious software program designed to replicate itself and spread
What is network of networks? from one computer to another, often damaging files or system performance.
The Internet. Boot Sector Virus: This virus infects the master boot record of a hard drive, making the
system difficult to start.
What do you call the first page of website?
File Infector Virus: This virus attaches itself to executable files (like .exe or .com) and
Home page. spreads when the program is run.
What is the multimedia? 12. What are the differences between LAN and WAN?
A combination of different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations, and video LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small geographical area like an office or home. It has
into a single interactive presentation. high data transfer speeds.
What is the full form of HTML? WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers a large geographical area like a country or the world. It
generally has slower data transfer speeds than LAN.
HyperText Markup Language.
13. What is the role of an operating system? Explain any two functions.
Which device is used to transfer data between networks?
The OS acts as an interface between the user and the hardware.
Router.
Memory Management: It manages the allocation and deallocation of main memory to Data Integrity: Ensures data is accurate and consistent.
various processes.
User Interface: Provides a way for users to interact with the data easily.
Device Management: It manages device communication via their respective drivers.
Importance of an Algorithm
14. What is a database? List any two advantages.
An algorithm is a step-by-step written procedure to solve a specific problem. It is the logical
A database is an organized collection of structured data stored electronically. foundation of a program.
Data Security: Protects sensitive data from unauthorized access. Clarity and Precision: It breaks down complex problems into simple, manageable steps,
ensuring there is no ambiguity in how to reach a solution.
Reduced Redundancy: Minimizes the duplication of data within the system.
Language Independence: An algorithm is written in plain language (or pseudocode),
15. What are input and output devices? Provide examples. meaning it can be implemented in any programming language like C++, Java, or Python.
Input Devices: Used to send data to the computer (e.g., Keyboard, Mouse). Efficiency Analysis: By writing an algorithm, you can analyze the "time complexity" (how
fast it runs) and "space complexity" (how much memory it uses) before building the
Output Devices: Used to display or provide the results of data processing (e.g., Monitor, software.
Printer).
Easier Debugging: If the logic is written out clearly, it is much easier to identify where a
16. What is cloud storage? List any two benefits. process might fail before it becomes a coded error.
Cloud storage is a service model where data is transmitted and stored on remote storage 2. Importance of a Flowchart
systems managed by a provider.
A flowchart is a visual or graphical representation of an algorithm. It uses standard symbols
Accessibility: Data can be accessed from any device with an internet connection. to show the flow of data and control.
Cost-Effective: Users don't need to buy and maintain expensive physical hardware. Visual Communication: It is much easier to explain logic to a non-technical person (like a
client or manager) using a diagram rather than a wall of text or code.
18. Difference between primary and secondary memory?
Logic Verification: Seeing the "path" of a process helps a creator spot infinite loops or "dead
Primary Memory (RAM/ROM): It is volatile (loses data when power is off) and directly
ends" where the logic doesn't lead to a conclusion.
accessible by the CPU. Features: High speed, limited capacity.
Effective Synthesis: It acts as a guide for the programmer during the coding phase. It
Secondary Memory (HDD/SSD): It is non-volatile (permanent storage) and not directly
ensures that no step is missed during the transition from idea to software.
accessible by the CPU. Features: High storage capacity, cheaper than primary memory.
Documentation: Flowcharts serve as excellent permanent documentation for a system,
19. Importance of DBMS and its features?
making it easier for new team members to understand how an existing program works.
A Database Management System (DBMS) is crucial for managing large amounts of
Define computer.
information efficiently and securely.
A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions to
Importance: It allows multiple users to access data simultaneously, ensures data integrity,
provide meaningful information as output.
and provides backup and recovery options.
What is memory?
Features:
Memory is the electronic component of a computer used to store data and instructions
either temporarily or permanently.
Who is known as the father of computer?
Charles Babbage is known as the father of the computer.
What is a hybrid computer?
A hybrid computer is a type of computer that combines the features of both analog and
digital computers (e.g., machines used in hospitals or petrol pumps).
Define software.
Software is a collection of programs, data, and instructions that tell a computer hardware
how to perform specific tasks.
Define compiler.
A compiler is a language translator that converts the entire high-level language program
into machine code at once.
Define cyber law.
Cyber law is the area of law that deals with the internet, computing, and related legal issues,
such as electronic commerce and cybercrime.
Define computer virus.
A computer virus is a malicious software program designed to replicate itself and spread to
other computers, often causing data loss or system damage.
B. Write the full forms of:
BIOS: Basic Input/Output System
HTML: HyperText Markup Language
EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
MCGA: Multi-Color Graphics Array