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Class10 Life Processes Notes

Life processes are essential functions that living organisms perform to sustain life, including nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. Nutrition involves obtaining food for energy, with humans digesting food through various organs, while respiration breaks down food to release energy. Transportation in humans is facilitated by the circulatory system, and excretion involves the removal of waste products, primarily through the kidneys.

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6 views3 pages

Class10 Life Processes Notes

Life processes are essential functions that living organisms perform to sustain life, including nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion. Nutrition involves obtaining food for energy, with humans digesting food through various organs, while respiration breaks down food to release energy. Transportation in humans is facilitated by the circulatory system, and excretion involves the removal of waste products, primarily through the kidneys.

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m20613098
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Class 10 Science – Chapter: Life Processes

What are Life Processes?

Life processes are basic functions performed by living organisms to maintain life.

Main Life Processes: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion

1. Nutrition

Definition: Process of obtaining and using food for energy, growth, and repair.

Types of Nutrition:
• Autotrophic Nutrition – organisms make their own food (example: green plants).
• Heterotrophic Nutrition – organisms depend on others for food.

Photosynthesis Equation:
6CO■ + 6H■O → C■H■■O■ + 6O■

Nutrition in Humans

Steps: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, Egestion.

Digestive Organs:
• Mouth – Salivary amylase
• Stomach – HCl and Pepsin
• Small Intestine – digestion and absorption
• Large Intestine – water absorption

2. Respiration

Definition: Process of breaking down food to release energy.

Types:
• Aerobic respiration
• Anaerobic respiration

Equation:
Glucose + O■ → CO■ + H■O + Energy

Human Respiratory System

Nose → Trachea → Bronchi → Lungs → Alveoli

Alveoli: Site of gas exchange with large surface area.

3. Transportation
In Humans:
• RBC – oxygen transport
• WBC – fight infection
• Platelets – blood clotting

Heart: Four chambers – right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.

Blood Vessels:
• Arteries – away from heart
• Veins – towards heart
• Capillaries – exchange of substances

Transportation in Plants

• Xylem – transports water and minerals


• Phloem – transports food

4. Excretion

Definition: Removal of waste products from the body.

Human Excretory System:


• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra

Nephron: Functional unit of kidney.

Urine Formation: Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion

Excretion in Plants

• Through stomata
• Through falling leaves
• Storage in vacuoles

Important Exam Points

• Photosynthesis is the primary source of energy.


• Heart ensures double circulation.
• Nephron is the functional unit of kidney.
• Alveoli increase efficiency of gas exchange.

Quick Revision Trick

NRTE
N – Nutrition
R – Respiration
T – Transportation
E – Excretion

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