STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS

5-Storey Residential Plaza, Karachi

Project: 5-Storey Residential Plaza

Location: Block-7, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi
Client: Mr. Haji Abdul Rahim (Pvt.)
Designed By: Engr. Khalid Mehmood, B.E. (Civil), P.E.
M/s Khalid & Associates, Consulting Engineers
Checked By: Engr. Farooq Ahmed, B.E. (Civil)

Date: 14th March 1993

Drawing Ref: KA/STR/93-147
Code Used: ACI 318-89, UBC-1988, B.C.P. SP-2007

IMPORTANT: These calculations are part of the

structural record. Do NOT remove from office.

INDEX OF CONTENTS:

1. Design Data & Assumptions

2. Loading Calculations (Dead + Live + Seismic)

3. Slab Design (Two-Way Slab - Direct Design Method)

4. Beam Design (Flexure + Shear)

5. Column Design (Axial + Moment - Interaction)

6. Footing Design (Isolated + Combined)

7. Staircase Design

8. Lintel / Chajja Design

9. Seismic Analysis (UBC Equivalent Lateral Force)

10. Summary of Reinforcement Schedule

APPROVED

Engr. K. Mehmood

P.E. # 4217/CE

Page 1/28
1. DESIGN DATA & ASSUMPTIONS

(a) Building Dimensions:

Total Plan Area = 60'-0" x 40'-0" (18.3m x 12.2m)

No. of Storeys = 5 (G + 4 Floors)

Floor to Floor Ht. = 10'-0" (3.05m)

Total Building Ht. = 50'-0" (15.24m) above G.L.

Parapet Wall Ht. = 3'-0" (0.91m)

Plinth Level = 2'-0" above N.G.L.

Foundation Depth = 5'-0" below N.G.L.

(b) Structural System:

Type: RCC Framed Structure (Ordinary Moment Resisting Frame)

Slabs: Two-Way solid slabs (Direct Design Method - ACI 318-89)

Beams: Rectangular / L-sections as per grid

Columns: Rectangular tied columns

Foundation: Isolated pad footings (Combined where reqd.)

Staircase: Dog-legged, waist slab type

(c) Material Properties:

Concrete: f'c = 3000 psi (21 MPa) - Normal weight

Steel: fy = 40,000 psi (Grade 40) - Deformed bars

fy = 60,000 psi (Grade 60) - For cols. > 18"

Unit Wt: Concrete = 150 pcf (23.6 kN/m3)

Brick Masonry = 120 pcf (18.9 kN/m3)

Modulus: Ec = 57000 x sqrt(f'c) = 3.12 x 10^6 psi

Es = 29 x 10^6 psi

(d) Soil Data (from Geotechnical Report):

Bearing Capacity (Net allowable) = 1.5 T/[Link] (1.5 ksf)

= 15 kN/m2 approx.

Soil Type: Medium stiff clay with sandy layers * Verify from

Water Table: Not encountered up to 15'-0" depth site report!

Note: As per Soil Report by M/s ABC Geotech, Ref: GT/93/042

Page 2/28
(e) Design Codes & References:

1. ACI 318-89 : Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete

2. UBC 1988 : Uniform Building Code (Seismic provisions)

3. B.C.P. SP-2007: Building Code of Pakistan (Seismic Provisions)

4. ASCE 7-88 : Minimum Design Loads for Buildings

5. PCA Notes : Portland Cement Association Design Handbook

6. Nilson & Winter: Design of Concrete Structures, 11th Ed.

(f) Load Assumptions:

DEAD LOADS (D.L.):

Self Wt. of Slab (5" thick) = 5/12 x 150 = 62.5 psf

Floor Finish (Terrazzo 1.5") = 1.5/12 x 150 = 18.75 psf

Ceiling Plaster (0.5") = 0.5/12 x 120 = 5.0 psf

Partitions (movable allowance) = = 15.0 psf

Electrical / Mechanical = = 5.0 psf

TOTAL SDL = 43.75 psf

say TOTAL SDL = 45 psf

Total D.L. on Slab = 62.5 + 45 = 107.5 psf ~ 110 psf

LIVE LOADS (L.L.):

Residential Floors = 40 psf (ASCE 7)

Corridors / Lobbies = 80 psf

Staircase = 80 psf

Ground Floor (Commercial) = 50 psf (Shops / Offices)

Roof (accessible) = 20 psf

Roof (with water tank) = 60 psf (local area)

WALL LOADS (on beams):

Ext. Wall: 9" thick brick = 9/12 x 120 x 8.67' ht = 780 plf

Int. Wall: 4.5" thick = 4.5/12 x 120 x 8.67' = 390 plf

Parapet: 9" x 3'-0" = 9/12 x 120 x 3 = 270 plf

LOAD COMBINATIONS (ACI 318-89, Sec. 9.2):

U = 1.4D + 1.7L (Gravity)

U = 0.75(1.4D + 1.7L + 1.87E) (Seismic)

Page 3/28
STRUCTURAL GRID PLAN (Typical Floor)
Scale: NTS (Not to Scale) - Dimensions in feet

40'-0" (Total)

15'-0" 15'-0" 10'-0"

A B C D

S2 S4 S6

13'-0"
2

S1 S3 S5
13'-0"

Grid Layout: 4 Cols x 3 Rows = 12 columns per floor

Total Columns = 12 x 5 storeys = 60 col. sections

Slab Panels: S1-S6 as marked (Two-way action)

Column Sizes (Preliminary):

Interior (B2,C2): 15" x 15" (check later)

Edge (A2,D2,B1,B3,C1,C3): 12" x 15"

Corner (A1,A3,D1,D3): 12" x 12"

Beam Sizes (Preliminary):

Main Beams (15' span): 12" x 18" (incl. slab)

Secondary Beams (13' span): 12" x 15"

Slab Thickness: 5" (min. per ACI for two-way) Page 4/28
2. SLAB DESIGN - Two Way Slab (Direct Design Method)

Panel S1: (15'-0" x 13'-0") Interior Panel

Reference: ACI 318-89, Chapter 13

Slab Thickness Check:

ln (longer clear span) = 15' - 12"/12 = 14.0 ft = 168 in

ln (shorter clear span) = 13' - 12"/12 = 12.0 ft = 144 in

Min. h = ln/33 = 168/33 = 5.09" (for alpha_m > 2.0)

But not less than 3.5"

Use h = 5" ... O.K.

Ratio: Long/Short = 15/13 = 1.15 < 2.0 (Two-way action!)

STEP 1: Total Factored Load on Slab

D.L. = 110 psf (slab s.w. + SDL)

L.L. = 40 psf (Residential)

Wu = 1.4(110) + 1.7(40)

= 154 + 68

= 222 psf

STEP 2: Total Static Moment (Mo)

For the LONG direction (l1 = 15', l2 = 13'):

ln = 14.0 ft

Mo = Wu x l2 x ln^2 / 8

= 222 x 13 x (14)^2 / 8

= 222 x 13 x 196 / 8

= 56,169 [Link]/panel-width

= 56.17 [Link]

Page 5/28
SLAB S1 (contd.) - Moment Distribution

STEP 3: Distribution of Mo into Negative & Positive Moments

(ACI 318-89, Sec. 13.6.3 - Interior Span)

Negative Moment at supports = 0.65 x Mo

= 0.65 x 56.17 = 36.51 [Link]

Positive Moment at midspan = 0.35 x Mo

= 0.35 x 56.17 = 19.66 [Link]

STEP 4: Distribution into Column Strip & Middle Strip

(l2/l1 = 13/15 = 0.867)

NEGATIVE MOMENT:
Column Strip share = 75% (Table [Link])
Column Strip Neg. M = 0.75 x 36.51 = 27.38 [Link]
Middle Strip Neg. M = 0.25 x 36.51 = 9.13 [Link]

POSITIVE MOMENT:
Column Strip share = 60% (Table [Link])
Column Strip Pos. M = 0.60 x 19.66 = 11.80 [Link]
Middle Strip Pos. M = 0.40 x 19.66 = 7.86 [Link]

STEP 5: Steel Calculation (per foot width of strip)

Column Strip Width = l2/2 = 13/2 = 6.5 ft

(i) Column Strip - Negative Steel:

Mu = 27.38 / 6.5 = 4.21 [Link]/ft = 50.54 [Link]/ft

d = 5 - 0.75 - 0.25 = 4.0 in (3/4" cover + #4 bar)

Mu = phi x As x fy x (d - a/2)
Rn = Mu / (phi x b x d^2)
= 50.54 x 1000 / (0.9 x 12 x 4^2)
= 50,540 / 172.8
= 292.5 psi

rho = 0.85f'c/fy [1 - sqrt(1 - 2Rn/0.85f'c)]

= (0.85x3000/40000)[1 - sqrt(1 - 2x292.5/(0.85x3000))]

= 0.06375 x [1 - sqrt(1 - 0.2294)]

= 0.06375 x [1 - 0.878]

= 0.06375 x 0.122 = 0.00778

Page 6/28
SLAB S1 (contd.) - Reinforcement

rho_min = 0.0018 (for fy = 40 ksi, ACI 7.12)

rho = 0.00778 > 0.0018 ... O.K.

As = rho x b x d = 0.00778 x 12 x 4.0 = 0.373 in2/ft

Use #4 @ 6" c/c (As = 0.40 in2/ft) ... O.K.

(ii) Column Strip - Positive Steel:

Mu = 11.80 / 6.5 = 1.815 [Link]/ft

By similar calc: rho = 0.0038

As = 0.0038 x 12 x 4.0 = 0.183 in2/ft

rho_min governs: As_min = 0.0018 x 12 x 5 = 0.108 in2/ft

As = 0.183 > 0.108

Use #4 @ 12" c/c (As = 0.20 in2/ft) ... O.K.

(iii) Middle Strip - Negative Steel:

Mu = 9.13 / 6.5 = 1.40 [Link]/ft

As(reqd) = 0.15 in2/ft

Use #4 @ 12" c/c (As = 0.20 in2/ft) ... O.K.

(iv) Middle Strip - Positive Steel:

Mu = 7.86 / 6.5 = 1.21 [Link]/ft

As(reqd) = 0.13 in2/ft

Use #4 @ 12" c/c (As = 0.20 in2/ft) ... O.K.

SLAB S1 - REINFORCEMENT SUMMARY

Col. Strip (Top) : #4 @ 6" c/c (both ways)

Col. Strip (Bot.) : #4 @ 12" c/c (both ways)

Mid. Strip (Top) : #4 @ 12" c/c (both ways)

Mid. Strip (Bot.) : #4 @ 12" c/c (both ways)

Temperature Steel: #3 @ 12" c/c (where reqd.)

* Repeat similar calculations for S2, S3, S4, S5, S6

(S5 & S6 have shorter span 10'-0", so lighter steel)

Page 7/28
3. BEAM DESIGN - Beam B1 (Grid B, 1-2)

Beam along Grid Line B, between columns B1 and B2

Span = 13'-0" c/c of cols. = 156 in.

Clear span ln = 13' - 15"/12 = 11.75 ft

Section: 12" x 18" (overall) [b=12", h=18"]

d = 18 - 1.5(cover) - 0.375(stirrup) - 0.5(bar/2) = 15.6 in

LOADING ON BEAM B1:

(a) Tributary width for slab load:

Left side: 15/2 = 7.5 ft

Right side: 15/2 = 7.5 ft
Total trib. width = 15.0 ft

(b) Dead Load on beam (per running foot):

Slab DL = 110 psf x 15 ft = 1,650 plf
Beam s.w.= 12x18/144 x 150 = 225 plf
(deduct slab in beam) = - 62 plf
Wall load (9" ext. wall) = 780 plf

Total DL = 2,593 plf

(c) Live Load on beam:

Slab LL = 40 psf x 15 ft = 600 plf

(d) Factored Load:

Wu = 1.4(2593) + 1.7(600)

= 3,630 + 1,020

= 4,650 plf = 4.65 klf

MOMENT CALCULATION (ACI Moment Coefficients):

For continuous interior beam (more than 2 spans):

Negative Moment at support:

Mu(-) = Wu x ln^2 / 10 (interior support of cont. beam)

= 4.65 x (11.75)^2 / 10

= 4.65 x 138.06 / 10
= 64.2 [Link] = 770.4 [Link]

Page 8/28
BEAM B1 (contd.) - Flexure & Shear

Positive Moment at midspan:

Mu(+) = Wu x ln^2 / 16 (for interior span)
= 4.65 x 138.06 / 16
= 40.1 [Link] = 481.5 [Link]

FLEXURAL STEEL - Negative Moment:

Mu = 770.4 [Link]
Rn = Mu/(phi.b.d^2) = 770,400/(0.9 x 12 x 15.6^2)
= 770,400 / 2,628.3 = 293.1 psi

rho = 0.85 x 3000/40000 [1 - sqrt(1 - 2x293.1/(0.85x3000))]

= 0.06375 [1 - sqrt(1 - 0.2298)]
= 0.06375 x 0.1226 = 0.00782

As = 0.00782 x 12 x 15.6 = 1.464 in2

Use 3 - #7 bars (As = 1.80 in2) ... O.K.

FLEXURAL STEEL - Positive Moment:

Mu = 481.5 [Link]
By similar: rho = 0.00478
As = 0.00478 x 12 x 15.6 = 0.895 in2
Use 2 - #7 bars (As = 1.20 in2) ... O.K.

CHECK: rho_max = 0.75 x rho_b

rho_b = 0.85 x beta1 x f'c/fy x 87000/(87000+fy)
= 0.85 x 0.85 x 3/40 x 87/(87+40)
= 0.0371
rho_max = 0.75 x 0.0371 = 0.0278
rho_used = 0.00782 << 0.0278 SAFE (Tension controlled)

SHEAR DESIGN:
Vu (at d from face) = Wu x (ln/2 - d/12)
= 4.65 x (11.75/2 - 15.6/12)
= 4.65 x (5.875 - 1.3) = 4.65 x 4.575
= 21.27 kips

[Link] = phi x 2 x sqrt(f'c) x b x d

= 0.85 x 2 x sqrt(3000) x 12 x 15.6
= 0.85 x 2 x 54.77 x 12 x 15.6
= 17,453 lbs = 17.45 kips

Vu > [Link] --> Stirrups Required!

Page 9/28
BEAM B1 (contd.) - Stirrup Design

Vs = (Vu - [Link]) / phi

= (21.27 - 17.45) / 0.85

= 4.49 kips

Using #3 stirrups (2-legged), Av = 2 x 0.11 = 0.22 in2

Spacing: s = Av x fy x d / Vs

= 0.22 x 40,000 x 15.6 / 4,490

= 137,280 / 4,490

= 30.6 in.

Max spacing = d/2 = 15.6/2 = 7.8 in.

Max spacing = 24 in. (ACI limit)

GOVERNS: s(max) = 7.8 in. ~ 8 in.

Use #3 @ 8" c/c throughout (2-legged stirrups)

Near supports: #3 @ 4" c/c for first 3 ft

BEAM B1 - REINFORCEMENT SUMMARY

Section: 12" x 18"

Top Steel (at support): 3 - #7 straight

Bottom Steel (at midspan): 2 - #7 straight

Stirrups: #3 @ 4" c/c (first 3'), then #3 @ 8" c/c

Beam B1 - Cross Section Sketch:

3-#7

#3 stirr. 18"

2-#7

12"

Page 10/28
4. COLUMN DESIGN - Interior Column B2

Column B2 - Interior column (most heavily loaded)

Tributary Area = 15' x 13' = 195 [Link] per floor
Column Size (assumed): 15" x 15"

LOAD SUMMATION (Gravity Loads):

Dead Load per Floor:

Slab DL = 110 psf x 195 sqft = 21,450 lbs
Beam s.w. = 225 plf x (15+13) = 6,300 lbs
Column s.w. = 15x15/144 x 150 x 10 = 2,344 lbs
Walls on beam = 390 plf x (15+13) = 10,920 lbs
Total DL/floor= 41,014 lbs
Say = 41 kips/floor

Live Load per Floor:

Slab LL = 40 psf x 195 sqft = 7,800 lbs
Say = 7.8 kips/floor

TOTAL LOADS ON COLUMN B2 AT FOUNDATION:

(5 Floors + Roof)

Total DL = 41 x 5 + 25(roof) = 230 kips

Total LL = 7.8 x 4 + 3.9(roof) = 35.1 kips

* LL Reduction (UBC/ASCE 7):

Influence Area = 4 x 195 = 780 sqft (for interior col)
R = 0.08 x (AI - 150) = 0.08 x (780-150) = 50.4%
Max reduction = 40% (for cols supporting > 1 floor)
Reduced LL = 35.1 x (1 - 0.40) = 21.1 kips

FACTORED AXIAL LOAD:

Pu = 1.4(230) + 1.7(21.1)
= 322 + 35.9
= 357.9 kips ~ 358 kips

Page 11/28
COLUMN B2 (contd.) - Design for Axial + Moment

Pu = 358 kips (from previous page)

UNBALANCED MOMENT ON COLUMN:

Due to pattern loading or unequal spans,
take Mu = 0.05 x Pu x h (min. eccentricity, ACI 10.12)
Mu = 0.05 x 358 x 15/12 = 22.4 [Link]

Note: For more accurate Mu, frame analysis needed.

Using moment distribution / Portal method for lateral loads.
For this interior column with roughly equal spans,
Mu = 22.4 [Link] is a reasonable minimum.

COLUMN DESIGN (ACI 318-89, Chapter 10):

Column: 15" x 15" = 225 [Link]. = Ag
Use Grade 60 steel (fy = 60 ksi) for columns

Try rho_g = 1.5% (target 1% to 3%)

Ast = 0.015 x 225 = 3.375 in2
Use 4 - #9 bars (Ast = 4.0 in2, rho = 1.78%)

CAPACITY CHECK (Using ACI Interaction Diagram):

gamma = (15 - 2x2.5)/15 = 0.667 ~ 0.70
f'c = 3 ksi, fy = 60 ksi
From PCA Column Interaction Diagram (R4-60.7):

Kn = Pn / (f'c x Ag) = (Pu/phi) / (f'c x Ag)

= (358/0.70) / (3 x 225) [phi=0.70 for tied cols]
= 511.4 / 675 = 0.758

Rn = Mn / (f'c x Ag x h)
= (Mu/phi) / (f'c x Ag x h)
= (22.4x12/0.70) / (3 x 225 x 15)
= 384 / 10,125 = 0.038

From Interaction Diagram: for Kn=0.76, Rn=0.038

rho_g(reqd) ~ 1.2% < 1.78% (provided)

COLUMN B2 IS ADEQUATE!

Page 12/28
COLUMN B2 (contd.) - Ties & Summary

TIE DESIGN (ACI 318-89, Sec. 7.10.5):

Tie size: #3 minimum (for #9 main bars)

Tie spacing shall not exceed least of:

(a) 16 x dia. of long. bar = 16 x 1.128 = 18.05 in

(b) 48 x dia. of tie bar = 48 x 0.375 = 18.0 in

(c) Least dimension of col. = 15 in.

GOVERNS: s = 15 in. --> Use #3 ties @ 12" c/c

(Using 12" for good practice & seismic detailing)

At top & bottom of column (joint region):

Use #3 ties @ 6" c/c for first 18" (1.5 x h)

COLUMN SCHEDULE (Summary):

Location Size Main Ties Extent

Col. B2, C2 (Interior) 15"x15" 4-#9 #3@12"c/c G.F. to 5th

Col. A2,D2,B1,B3,C1,C3 12"x15" 4-#8 #3@12"c/c G.F. to 5th

Col. A1,A3,D1,D3 (Corner) 12"x12" 4-#6 #3@12"c/c G.F. to 5th

Column B2 - Cross Section:

15"x15"

4-#9

#3 ties

Page 13/28
5. FOOTING DESIGN - Isolated Footing F1 (Col. B2)

SERVICE LOADS at Base of Column B2:

Total DL = 230 kips (unfactored)
Total LL = 21.1 kips (reduced)
Total P = 251.1 kips ~ 252 kips (service load)

FOOTING SIZE (Serviceability / Bearing Pressure):

Allowable Bearing = 1.5 ksf (net)
Assume footing s.w. + soil = 10% of load = 25 kips
Gross P = 252 + 25 = 277 kips

Reqd. Area = 277 / 1.5 = 184.7 [Link]

Use Square footing: L = sqrt(184.7) = 13.6 ft
Use L = 14'-0" x 14'-0" (A = 196 [Link])

Actual q = 277 / 196 = 1.41 ksf < 1.5 ksf ... O.K.

FOOTING DEPTH (Factored loads for strength design):

Pu = 358 kips (from column design)
qu = Pu / A = 358 / 196 = 1.827 ksf (net factored)

(a) Punching Shear (Two-way) - Critical section at d/2:

Assume d = 18 in. (try h = 22 in.)
bo = 4 x (15 + 18) = 132 in.
Vu_punch = Pu - qu x (c+d)^2/144
= 358 - 1.827 x (15+18)^2/144
= 358 - 1.827 x 7.56
= 358 - 13.8 = 344.2 kips

[Link] = phi x 4 x sqrt(f'c) x bo x d

= 0.85 x 4 x 54.77 x 132 x 18
= 442,700 lbs = 442.7 kips

Vu = 344.2 < 442.7 kips ... O.K.

Page 14/28
FOOTING F1 (contd.) - One-Way Shear & Flexure

(b) One-Way Shear - Critical at d from face of col.:

Projection = (14x12 - 15)/2 - 18 = 58.5 in = 4.875 ft
Vu_1way = qu x B x projection / 144
= 1.827 x 14 x 4.875
= 124.7 kips (per foot width x 14 ft)

Wait - let me recalculate per strip:

Vu = qu x B x (L/2 - c/2 - d)
= 1.827 x 14 x (7 - 0.625 - 1.5)
= 1.827 x 14 x 4.875
= 124.7 kips

[Link] = phi x 2 x sqrt(f'c) x B x d

= 0.85 x 2 x 54.77 x (14x12) x 18
= 0.85 x 2 x 54.77 x 168 x 18
= 282,030 lbs = 282 kips

Vu = 124.7 < 282 kips ... O.K.

FLEXURE - Critical at face of column:

Cantilever = (14x12 - 15) / 2 = 76.5 in = 6.375 ft

Mu = qu x B x L_cant^2 / 2
= 1.827 x 14 x (6.375)^2 / 2
= 1.827 x 14 x 40.64 / 2
= 520.1 [Link] per 14 ft width
= 520.1 / 14 = 37.15 [Link]/ft = 445.8 [Link]/ft

Rn = Mu / (phi x b x d^2)
= 445,800 / (0.9 x 12 x 18^2)
= 445,800 / 3,499.2 = 127.4 psi

rho = 0.85x3/40 x [1-sqrt(1-2x127.4/(0.85x3000))]

= 0.06375 x [1-sqrt(1-0.0999)]
= 0.06375 x 0.0513 = 0.00327

As = 0.00327 x 12 x 18 = 0.706 in2/ft

For B = 14 ft: Total As = 0.706 x 14 = 9.88 in2
Use 10 - #9 bars each way (As = 10.0 in2) ... O.K.

Page 15/28
FOOTING F1 - Summary + Footing Schedule

FOOTING F1 (Col. B2):

Size: 14'-0" x 14'-0" x 22" deep

Steel: 10 - #9 E.W. (Each Way), bottom

Cover: 3" (earth contact, ACI 7.7.1)

FOOTING SCHEDULE (All Footings):

Ftg For Col. Size (LxBxD) Steel E.W. Pu(kips)

F1 B2, C2 14'x14'x22" 10-#9 E.W. 358

F2 A2,D2,B1,B3 10'x10'x18" 8-#7 E.W. 195

C1,C3

F3 A1,A3,D1,D3 7'x7'x15" 6-#6 E.W. 110

* Where adjacent footings overlap, provide combined footing

(Check col. A2-B2 and C2-D2 for combined ftg. requirement)

Footing F1 - Section Sketch:

Col. 15"x15"

22"

G.L.
14'-0"

Page 16/28
6. SEISMIC ANALYSIS (UBC 1988 / BCP SP-2007)

METHOD: Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure (Static Method)

(Building is regular, < 240 ft, so static method is OK)

SEISMIC PARAMETERS:
Seismic Zone: Zone 2B (Karachi, BCP) Z = 0.20
Importance Factor: I = 1.0 (Residential, Standard)
Soil Profile: S2 (Medium stiff clay) S = 1.2
Structural System: Ordinary Moment Frame
Rw = 5 (Table 23-O, UBC 1988)

Building Period:
T = Ct x (hn)^(3/4)
Ct = 0.030 (for RCC frames)
hn = 50 ft (total height)
T = 0.030 x (50)^0.75
= 0.030 x 18.80
= 0.564 sec

Seismic Coefficient:
C = 1.25 x S / T^(2/3)
= 1.25 x 1.2 / (0.564)^0.667
= 1.50 / 0.683
= 2.196
But C need not exceed 2.75
C = 2.196 < 2.75 ... O.K.

TOTAL BASE SHEAR:

V = (Z x I x C / Rw) x W
= (0.20 x 1.0 x 2.196 / 5) x W
= 0.0878 x W

Total Building Weight W:

Per floor = DL x Total Area + Wall wt.
= 110 x 60x40 + beams + walls
= 264,000 + 50,400 + 87,360
= 401,760 lbs/floor ~ 402 kips/floor

W = 5 x 402 = 2,010 kips

(Conservative: includes full DL, no LL reduction)

Page 17/28
SEISMIC (contd.) - Lateral Force Distribution

V = 0.0878 x 2010 = 176.5 kips (Total Base Shear)

Ft (Top force) = 0 (since T < 0.7 sec)

DISTRIBUTION OF BASE SHEAR (UBC Sec. 2312):

Fx = (V - Ft) x [Link] / SUM([Link])

Level Wx(kips) hx(ft) [Link] Fx(kips)

----- -------- ------ -------- --------

Roof 402 50 20,100 46.8

4th Fl 402 40 16,080 37.4

3rd Fl 402 30 12,060 28.1

2nd Fl 402 20 8,040 18.7

1st Fl 402 10 4,020 9.4

-----------------------------------------

TOTAL 2010 60,300 140.4*

*Note: Slight diff. due to rounding. Use V=176.5 k

Re-scale: Factor = 176.5/140.4 = 1.257

CORRECTED LATERAL FORCES:

Roof : Fx = 58.8 kips

4th : Fx = 47.0 kips

3rd : Fx = 35.3 kips

2nd : Fx = 23.5 kips

1st : Fx = 11.8 kips

TOTAL = 176.4 kips ~ 176.5 kips

STOREY SHEAR & OVERTURNING MOMENT:

Level Fx(k) Vx(k) OTM([Link])

----- ----- ------ ---------

Roof 58.8 58.8 0

4th 47.0 105.8 588

3rd 35.3 141.1 1,646

2nd 23.5 164.6 3,057

1st 11.8 176.4 4,703

Base -- 176.4 6,467

* Check overturning stability in foundation design

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7. STAIRCASE DESIGN - Dog-Legged Type

GEOMETRY:
Floor to Floor Height = 10'-0" = 120 in.
Rise per step = 7" (comfortable for residential)
No. of risers = 120/7 = 17.14 --> Use 18 risers (9+9)
Actual rise = 120/18 = 6.67" ~ 6-3/4"
Tread = 10" (R + T > 17" rule: 6.75+10 = 16.75") ~OK

Going per flight = 9 x 10" = 90" = 7'-6"

Landing width = 4'-0" (min. 3'-6")
Stairwell opening = 7'-6" + 4'-0" = 11'-6" x 4'-0" wide

Waist slab thickness = span/20 = 11.5x12/20 = 6.9"

Use waist slab = 7" thick

LOADING ON WAIST SLAB:

(Taking loads along slope, then converting to horizontal)
Slope angle: theta = atan(6.67/10) = 33.7 deg
cos(theta) = 0.832

DL on slope:
Waist slab = 7/12 x 150 = 87.5 psf
Steps (avg) = 0.5 x R x 150 / cos(th) = 0.5x6.67/12x150/0.832
= 50.1 psf
Finish (Marble treads etc.) = 25.0 psf
Plaster (ceiling below) = 5.0 psf
Total = 167.6 psf

LL = 80 psf (Staircase, ASCE 7)

Wu = 1.4(167.6) + 1.7(80) = 234.6 + 136 = 370.6 psf

~ 371 psf

MOMENT (Simply Supported - Conservative):

Effective span = 11.5 ft (c/c of supports)
wu per ft run = 371 x 4.0 (width) = 1,484 plf
Mu = wu.l^2/8 = 1484 x (11.5)^2 / 8
= 1484 x 132.25 / 8 = 24,530 [Link]
= 24.53 [Link] per 4' width
= 6.13 [Link]/ft = 73.6 [Link]/ft

Page 19/28
STAIRCASE (contd.) - Steel & Distribution

MAIN STEEL (along span):

d = 7 - 0.75 - 0.25 = 6.0 in (3/4" cover + #4 bar)

Rn = 73,600 / (0.9 x 12 x 6^2) = 189 psi

rho = 0.06375 x [1 - sqrt(1 - 2x189/(0.85x3000))]

= 0.06375 x [1 - sqrt(1 - 0.148)]

= 0.06375 x 0.0802 = 0.00511

As = 0.00511 x 12 x 6 = 0.368 in2/ft

Use #4 @ 6" c/c (As = 0.40 in2/ft) ... O.K.

DISTRIBUTION STEEL (transverse):

As_dist = 0.0018 x 12 x 7 = 0.151 in2/ft

Use #3 @ 8" c/c (As = 0.165 in2/ft) ... O.K.

LANDING SLAB:

Same thickness 7"

Treated as one-way slab spanning to beams

Main steel: #4 @ 8" c/c

Distribution: #3 @ 10" c/c

STAIRCASE SUMMARY:

Waist Slab: 7" thick | Main: #4@6"c/c | Dist: #3@8"c/c

Landing: 7" thick | Main: #4@8"c/c | Dist: #3@10"c/c

Landing

Stair Section (Schematic):

7" waist

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8. LINTEL BEAM & CHAJJA DESIGN

(A) LINTEL BEAM - Over 4'-0" Window Opening

Clear span = 4'-0" = 48 in.

Bearing each side = 6" min.

Effective span = 4' + 6"/12 = 4.5 ft

Section: 9" x 12" (width of wall x depth)

d = 12 - 1.5 - 0.25 = 10.25 in.

Load on Lintel:
Wall above (9" thick, triangular load approx.):

Height of triangle = span/2 = 2.0 ft

UDL equivalent = 2/3 x 0.75 x 120 x 2.0 = 120 plf

Slab load (if any) from above = 0 (window wall, no slab)

Wu = 1.4 x 120 = 168 plf

Mu = Wu.l^2/8 = 168 x (4.5)^2 / 8 = 425 [Link] = 5.1 [Link]

As(reqd) = negligible. Use 2-#4 bottom bars (min steel)

Stirrups: #3 @ 6" c/c (nominal)

(B) CHAJJA (Sunshade) - 2'-6" Cantilever

Cantilever projection = 2'-6" = 30 in.

Thickness = 4" (min. at tip 2", avg 4")

d = 4 - 0.75 - 0.25 = 3.0 in.

Dead Load:

Self wt = 4/12 x 150 = 50 psf

Finish = 10 psf

Total DL = 60 psf

Live Load = 10 psf (on projected area)

Wu = 1.4(60) + 1.7(10) = 84 + 17 = 101 psf

Mu (at face of support) = Wu x L^2 / 2

= 101 x (2.5)^2 / 2 = 315.6 [Link]/ft = 3.79 [Link]/ft

As = very small. Use #3 @ 8" c/c (top, main)

Distribution: #3 @ 10" c/c

Drip groove at 1" from edge (essential for Karachi rains!)

Page 21/28
9. STOREY DRIFT CHECK (UBC 1988, Sec. 2312(e))

ALLOWABLE STOREY DRIFT:

delta_max = 0.005 x storey height (UBC limit)
= 0.005 x 10 x 12 = 0.60 in per storey

APPROXIMATE DRIFT CALCULATION:

(Using Portal Method for quick check)

At Top Floor (worst case):

Storey Shear at 5th floor, Vx = 58.8 kips
No. of frames in direction considered = 3 (Grids 1,2,3)
Shear per frame = 58.8 / 3 = 19.6 kips

No. of columns per frame = 4 (A,B,C,D)

Shear per column = 19.6 / 4 = 4.9 kips

Column stiffness: I = 15x15^3/12 = 4,219 in4

K = 12EI/L^3 = 12 x 3.12x10^6 x 4219 / (120)^3
= 12 x 3.12x10^6 x 4219 / 1,728,000
= 91,380 lb/in = 91.4 k/in per column

Total K per storey = 12 columns x 91.4 = 1,096.8 k/in

Drift at 5th storey:

delta = Vx / K_total = 58.8 / 1096.8 = 0.054 in.

Amplified (for Rw): delta_M = 3/8 x Rw x delta

= 3/8 x 5 x 0.054
= 0.101 in.

delta_M = 0.101" < 0.60" (allowable) ... O.K.!

(Drift is well within limits. Frame is quite stiff)

Page 22/28
10. REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE - SUMMARY

(A) SLAB REINFORCEMENT (Typical Floor):

Panel S1 (15'x13'): [Link] Top #4@6" Bot #4@12"

[Link] Top #4@12" Bot #4@12"

Panel S5 (10'x13'): [Link] Top #4@8" Bot #4@12"

[Link] Top #4@12" Bot #4@12"

Temp. Steel where reqd.: #3 @ 12" c/c

(B) BEAM REINFORCEMENT:

B1 (12"x18", 13' span): Top 3-#7, Bot 2-#7, Stirr #3@4"/8"

B2 (12"x18", 15' span): Top 3-#7, Bot 3-#7, Stirr #3@4"/8"

B3 (12"x15", 10' span): Top 2-#6, Bot 2-#6, Stirr #3@6"/10"

(C) COLUMN REINFORCEMENT:

Interior 15"x15": 4-#9, #3 ties @12" c/c (6" at joints)

Edge 12"x15": 4-#8, #3 ties @12" c/c (6" at joints)

Corner 12"x12": 4-#6, #3 ties @12" c/c (6" at joints)

(D) FOOTING REINFORCEMENT:

F1 (14'x14'x22"): 10-#9 E.W. bottom

F2 (10'x10'x18"): 8-#7 E.W. bottom

F3 (7'x7'x15"): 6-#6 E.W. bottom

(E) STAIRCASE:

Waist 7": Main #4@6", Dist #3@8"

Landing 7": Main #4@8", Dist #3@10"

TOTAL STEEL ESTIMATE (Approx.):

Steel Ratio ~ 60-65 kg/m3 of concrete (typical for Karachi)

Approx. total steel ~ 18-20 Tons for entire building

Page 23/28
GENERAL NOTES & SPECIFICATIONS

1. All concrete to be mixed by weight batching.

Minimum cement content: 6 bags/[Link] for structural
members. W/C ratio not to exceed 0.50.

2. All reinforcement to conform to ASTM A615.

Grade 40 for slabs & beams, Grade 60 for columns.
All bars to be clean, free from rust scale & oil.

3. Concrete cover requirements (ACI 7.7):

Footings (earth contact) : 3" clear
Columns : 1.5" clear
Beams : 1.5" clear
Slabs : 3/4" clear

4. Minimum lap lengths:

#4 bars (Grade 40): 12" or 24db (whichever greater)
#7 bars (Grade 40): 21" or 30db
#9 bars (Grade 60): 36" or 36db
All laps to be staggered - not more than 50% bars
spliced at any one section.

5. Curing: Minimum 7 days wet curing for all members.

In Karachi summer (May-Sep), extend to 10 days.
Use wet burlap / hessian covering.

6. Formwork to be designed by contractor. Minimum

stripping time: Slabs - 14 days, Beams - 21 days,
Columns - 24 hours (with re-propping for 7 days).

7. Concrete test cubes: Minimum 6 cubes per 50 [Link]

or per day's pour, whichever gives more. 3 cubes at
7 days, 3 cubes at 28 days. Minimum 28-day strength
= 3000 psi (21 MPa). No individual test below 2500 psi.

8. All brick masonry to be 1:6 cement:sand mortar.

9" thick external walls, 4.5" internal partitions.

9. Foundation excavation to be inspected by Engineer

before pouring. Soil bearing to be verified in field.

Page 24/28
GENERAL NOTES (contd.)

10. Seismic detailing requirements (BCP / UBC):

- Column ties at 6" c/c in joint regions
- Beam-column joint must have ties through joint
- No lap splices in tension zone of beams at supports
- Hooks on all stirrups to be 135 deg (seismic hook)

11. Expansion joint: Not required (building < 150 ft).

12. Water tank on roof: Design separately.

Tank walls: 6" RCC, Base slab: 6" RCC.
Waterproofing: 2-coat bitumen + polythene sheet.

13. Plinth beam: Provide 9" x 12" RCC plinth beam

all around at plinth level. Steel: 4-#4 with
#3 stirrups @ 8" c/c. This ties the footings and
provides resistance against differential settlement.

14. Drainage: Provide 4" dia. PVC rainwater pipes

at corners. Slope roof slab 1:100 to outlets.

15. IMPORTANT - CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE:

(a) Excavation & soil verification
(b) PCC (1:4:8) blinding 3" thick under footings
(c) Footing reinforcement & concreting
(d) Column starters from footing (min 40db projection)
(e) Backfill in 6" layers with compaction
(f) Ground floor slab on grade (4" thick PCC)
(g) Column, beam, slab cycle floor by floor
(h) Masonry work after frame is complete
(i) Plastering, finishing, services

Prepared By: Checked By:

Engr. Khalid Mehmood Engr. Farooq Ahmed

B.E.(Civil), P.E. B.E.(Civil)

Date: 14-03-1993 Date: 18-03-1993

Page 25/28
 Note to Self: (KM / 14-Mar-93)

This building is quite straightforward - regular

plan, no soft storey, symmetric layout. The main

concern is the soil. The geotech report says 1.5 ksf

but I have my doubts about Block-7 area. We had

problems with the Ali Residency project nearby.

Ask Farooq to double-check the footing sizes. If

the soil is weaker than reported, we may need to

go for combined footings for B2-C2 line or even

a raft. Better safe than sorry.

Also, tell the contractor to use Attock cement only.

Last project we had quality issues with the local

brand. 28-day cubes were barely making 2500 psi.

The staircase landing needs special attention during

shuttering. Last time the carpenter messed up the

levels and we had to chip and re-pour.

- KM

--- Found this loose note tucked between pages 15 and 16 ---

RCC BOOK Reference:

Nilson & Winter - Ch. 4, 5, 10, 13

PCA Notes on ACI 318-89

Handbook of Concrete Engineering

(Mark Fintel, 2nd Ed.)

Page 26/28
 M/s KHALID & ASSOCIATES

Consulting Engineers

Office 307, 3rd Floor, Business Centre

Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi-75300

Ph: (021) 498-2147 Fax: (021) 498-2148

P.E.C. Firm Reg. No: C-4217

FILE REFERENCE: KA/STR/93-147

PROJECT: 5-Storey Residential Plaza, Block-7, Gulshan

CONTENTS: Structural Design Calculations (28 pages)

STATUS: APPROVED FOR CONSTRUCTION

P PR OVED
A

Disclaimer: These calculations are the intellectual property

of M/s Khalid & Associates. Reproduction without written

permission is prohibited. Valid only with Engineer's stamp.

--- End of Calculations ---

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