1) Tuberculosis Programme (RNTCP / NTEP)

History - Earlier National TB Programme (1962) failed due to poor compliance RNTCP started in 1997 with WHO-
recommended DOTS strategy Renamed NTEP with goal of TB elimination by 2025. Goal - Eliminate TB as a public health
problem Reduce TB incidence to <1 case per 1000 population. Objective - Early diagnosis using sputum & molecular
tests Ensure full treatment adherence Reduce transmission and drug-resistant TB. Strategies & Components - DOTS
(supervised treatment) Free diagnostics (CBNAAT, sputum test) Nikshay portal for tracking Contact tracing and
screening Nutritional support (₹500/month).
2) Leprosy Programme (NLEP)
History - Started after MDT introduction in 1980s Integrated into primary health care system. Goal - Eliminate leprosy
(prevalence <1/10,000). Objective - Early detection before nerve damage Prevent disability and social stigma. Strategies
& Components - Free MDT therapy Active case detection campaigns Contact screening Disability prevention &
rehabilitation IEC to reduce stigma.
3) AIDS Programme (NACP)
History - Started in 1992 under NACO Phased implementation (NACP I–V). Goal - Reduce HIV incidence Ensure
universal ART coverage. Objective - Promote safe practices Early testing and treatment Reduce discrimination.
Strategies & Components - ART centres and free drugs HIV testing centres (ICTC) PPTCT services Blood safety &
screening Targeted interventions (high-risk groups).
4) Blindness Programme (NPCB)
History - Focus on cataract (main cause of blindness). Goal - Reduce blindness prevalence to <0.3%. Objective - Early
detection and treatment of eye diseases. Strategies & Components - Free cataract surgeries School screening programs
Free spectacles Eye donation awareness Mobile eye camps.
5) Polio Programme (PPI)
History - Pulse Polio campaign started in 1995 India declared polio-free in 2014. Goal - Complete eradication of polio.
Objective - Immunize all children under 5 Maintain polio-free status. Strategies & Components - OPV doses (booth +
house visits) AFP surveillance Mop-up campaigns in risk areas.
6) Vector Borne Disease Programme
History - Integrated program for malaria, dengue, chikungunya. Goal - Reduce deaths and disease burden. Objective -
Control vectors and prevent outbreaks. Strategies & Components - Indoor residual spraying Bed nets (LLIN) Larval
control measures Surveillance and rapid response.
7) RCH Programme
History - Started for reproductive & child health. Goal - Improve maternal and child health. Objective - Reduce MMR &
IMR Improve reproductive health. Strategies & Components - ANC (≥4 visits) Institutional delivery (JSY) PNC care
Immunization & family planning.
8) ICDS Programme
History - Launched in 1975 (world’s largest child program). Goal - Improve child nutrition and development. Objective -
Reduce malnutrition & mortality. Strategies & Components - Anganwadi centres Supplementary nutrition Preschool
education Growth monitoring.
9) Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)
History - Expanded immunization program (1985). Goal - Reduce vaccine-preventable diseases. Objective - Achieve full
immunization. Strategies & Components - Routine vaccines (BCG, OPV, DPT etc.) Cold chain system Outreach sessions.
10) National Mental Health Programme
History - Started in 1982. Goal - Accessible mental healthcare. Objective - Early treatment & reduce stigma. Strategies &
Components - District mental health programme Counseling services Rehabilitation services.
11) NPCDCS (Cancer, Diabetes, CVD, Stroke)
History - Launched in 2010 to tackle rising burden of non-communicable diseases Focus shifted from communicable to
lifestyle diseases. Goal - Reduce morbidity and mortality due to NCDs Promote healthy lifestyle in population. Objective
- Early detection through screening at community level Prevent complications and improve quality of life. Strategies &
Components - Population-based screening (30+ age group) Screening for BP, diabetes, oral/breast/cervical cancer
Health promotion (diet, exercise, tobacco control) Strengthening NCD clinics at PHC/CHC/District level.
12) Swachh Bharat Mission
History - Launched in 2014 as a national cleanliness campaign Built upon earlier sanitation programs like Total
Sanitation Campaign. Goal - Achieve Open Defecation Free (ODF) India Improve overall cleanliness and sanitation.
Objective - Eliminate open defecation Promote hygiene practices. Strategies & Components - Construction of individual
household toilets Solid and liquid waste management systems Behaviour change communication (IEC/BCC) Community
participation and Swachh surveys.
13) Ayushman Bharat Yojana (PM-JAY)
History - Launched in 2018 as part of Ayushman Bharat initiative Focus on secondary and tertiary care coverage. Goal -
Achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Objective - Provide financial protection against high medical costs Reduce
out-of-pocket expenditure. Strategies & Components - ₹5 lakh health insurance per family per year Cashless and
paperless treatment Empaneled public and private hospitals Beneficiary identification via SECC data.
14) Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission
History - Launched to digitize India’s healthcare system Supports digital health ecosystem. Goal - Create an integrated
digital health infrastructure. Objective - Improve accessibility and continuity of care Ensure easy sharing of health
records. Strategies & Components - ABHA (Health ID) for every citizen Digital health records and registries
Telemedicine and e-consultation Health facility and doctor registry.
15) National Health Mission (NHM)
History - NRHM (2005) for rural + NUHM (2013) for urban merged as NHM. Goal - Provide affordable, accessible and
quality healthcare. Objective - Strengthen health infrastructure Improve maternal and child health indicators. Strategies
& Components - ASHA workers for community outreach Strengthening PHCs, CHCs, District Hospitals Maternal-child
health programs (JSY, JSSK) Mobile medical units and outreach services.
16) National AYUSH Mission (NAM)
History - Launched to promote traditional Indian medicine systems Focus on Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha,
Homeopathy. Goal - Integrate AYUSH into mainstream healthcare. Objective - Improve accessibility of AYUSH services
Promote preventive and holistic care. Strategies & Components - Establishment of AYUSH hospitals and wellness
centres Upgradation of AYUSH educational institutions Promotion of medicinal plants Integration with primary
healthcare system.
17) National Nutrition Programs
History - Introduced to combat widespread malnutrition Strengthened under POSHAN Abhiyaan. Goal - Improve
nutritional status of women and children. Objective - Reduce stunting, wasting, and anemia. Strategies & Components -
Supplementary nutrition through ICDS Growth monitoring and health check-ups Nutrition awareness campaigns
Convergence of health, sanitation, and nutrition services.
18) National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme
History - Started as National Goitre Control Programme, later expanded. Goal - Eliminate iodine deficiency disorders
(IDD). Objective - Ensure adequate iodine intake in population. Strategies & Components - Universal iodization of salt
Monitoring iodine levels in salt and urine Public awareness programs Ban on non-iodized salt sale.
19) National Iron Plus Initiative
History - Launched to address high anemia prevalence in India. Goal - Reduce anemia across all age groups. Objective -
Improve hemoglobin levels Prevent iron deficiency. Strategies & Components - Iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation
(weekly/daily) Target groups: children, adolescents, pregnant women Deworming to improve absorption Screening and
treatment of anemia.
20) Vitamin A Prophylaxis Programme
History - Started to prevent vitamin A deficiency-related blindness. Goal - Reduce vitamin A deficiency in children.
Objective - Prevent night blindness and infections. Strategies & Components - Periodic high-dose Vitamin A
supplementation Given with immunization schedule Focus on children under 5 years Awareness on nutrition and diet.
21) Mid-Day Meal Programme
History - School-based nutrition program expanded nationwide. Goal - Improve nutritional status of school children.
Objective - Increase school enrollment and attendance Reduce classroom hunger. Strategies & Components - Free
cooked meals in government schools Nutritional standards (calories & protein) Monitoring of food quality Community
participation (SMC involvement).
22) Balwadi Nutrition Programme
History - Focused on preschool children nutrition. Goal - Improve early childhood nutritional status. Objective - Prevent
malnutrition in 3–6 years age group. Strategies & Components - Supplementary feeding Growth monitoring Health
check-ups Nutrition education for mothers.
23) National Health Policy (2017)
History - Updated policy replacing NHP 2002. Goal - Improve overall health status of population. Objective - Strengthen
healthcare delivery system Promote preventive and promotive health. Strategies & Components - Increase public health
expenditure (~2.5% GDP target) Universal health coverage Strengthening primary healthcare Use of digital health
technologies.
24) Scope of Ayurveda in NHP
History - Included under AYUSH integration in health policy. Goal - Promote traditional systems of medicine. Objective -
Integrate Ayurveda with modern medicine Encourage preventive and holistic care. Strategies & Components - Research
and standardization of Ayurveda Integration at primary healthcare level Education and training programs Promotion of
herbal medicine and wellness practices.