Practice Problems Set-5
Q.1 A 100-m length of smooth horizontal pipe is attached to a large reservoir. A pump is
attached to the end of the pipe to pump water into the reservoir at a volume flow rate of
0.01 m3/s. What pressure (gage) must the pump produce at the pipe to generate thi s flow
rate? The inside diameter of the smooth pipe is 75 mm.
Q.2. Water flows through a 25-mm-diameter tube that suddenly enlarges to a diameter of 50
mm. The flow rate through the enlargement is 1.25 Liter/s. Calculate the pressure rise across
the enlargement. Compare with the value for frictionless flow. Assume k = 0.56
Q. 3. Drinking straws are to be used to improve the air flow in a pipe-flow experiment. Packing
a section of the air pipe with drinking straws to form a “laminar flow element” might allow the
air flow rate to be measured directly, and simultaneously would act as a flow straightener. To
evaluate this idea, determine (a) the Reynolds number for flow in each drinking straw, (b) the
friction factor for flow in each straw, and (c) the gage pressure at the exit from the drinking
straws. (For laminar flow in a tube, the entrance loss coefficient is Kent = 1.4 and α = 2.0)
Q.4 The mass flow rate of air at 20°C (ρ = 1.204 kg/m3) through a 15-cm-diameter duct is
measured with a Venturi meter equipped with a water manometer. The Venturi neck has a
diameter of 6 cm, and the manometer has a maximum differential height of 40 cm. Taking the
discharge coefficient to be 0.98, determine the maximum mass flow rate of air this Venturi
meter can measure.
Q.5 An air flow rate of 1m3/s at standard conditions is expected in a 0.25-m diameter duct. An
orifice meter is used to measure the rate of flow. The manometer available to make the
measurement has a maximum range of 300 mm of water. What diameter orifice plate should
be used with corner taps? Analyze the head loss if the flow area at the vena contracta is A2 =
0.65At.
Q.6 The pressure drops, ΔP, for steady, incompressible viscous flow through a straight
horizontal pipe depends on the pipe length, l, the average velocity, 𝑉, the fluid viscosity, μ, the
pipe diameter, D, the fluid density, ρ, and the average “roughness” height, e. Determine a set
of dimensionless groups that can be used to correlate data.
Q.8 The drag of a sonar transducer is to be predicted, based on wind tunnel test data. The
prototype, a 1-ft diameter sphere, is to be towed at 5 knots (nautical miles per hour) in seawater
at 40 °F. The model is 6 in. in diameter. Determine the required test speed in air. If the drag of
the model at these test conditions is 0.60 lbf, estimate the drag of the prototype.
Q.9 When a small tube is dipped into a pool of liquid, surface tension causes a meniscus to
form at the free surface, which is elevated or depressed depending on the contact angle at the
liquid-solid-gas interface. Experiments indicate that the magnitude of this capillary effect, Δh,
is a function of the tube diameter, D, liquid specific weight, γ, and surface tension, σ. Determine
the number of independent Π parameters that can be formed and obtain a set.