Building Construction
Electrical Installation
AAU EiABC,
Chair of Building Construction
Inst. Demeke A. May 2019
Contents
Introduction
Electrical Circuits
Electrical Service
Cables and Wiring
Electrical out lets
LIGHTING
Electrical plans
Electrical Symbols
Introduction
Electrical Installation is the installation of the
electrical system in buildings.
Electrical Circuits
Electricity
Electricity is the flow of electrons in a
conductor.
The electrons must have a path to and from
its source.
This path is called a circuit.
Cont...
Amperes are a measure of the rate of flow of electricity in
a conductor.
Volt is defined as the difference in electric potential
between two points of a conductor carrying a constant
current of one ampere it is a measuring unit of
electrical pressure.
Watts are a measure of the amount of energy or work
that can be done by amperes and volts.
Ohm is the SI unit of electrical resistance, equals to the
resistance of a conductor in which a potential
difference of one volt produces a current of one
ampere
Cont..
Various electrical devices are used as a part
of the circuit.
These devices are used for a variety of
activities, such as turning the electricity off
and on, providing electricity to various lights
or appliances, etc.
Types of Electrical
Currents
Electrical current comes in two forms:
– Direct current (DC)
• Flows in only one direction.
• It is usually generated by battery-base electrical
systems and used in the electrical systems of
internal combustion engines or flashlight batteries.
– Alternating current (AC)
• Reverses the direction of flow of current many
times each second.
• AC is the type used in homes, factories, etc.
Electrical Service
Service is provided to homes, businesses
and other small users of electricity by three
wires from a utility pole.
Two of the wires are “hot,” each carrying
120 volts.
The other wire is “neutral,” and provides the
return path for electricity.
Electrical Service
Service is provided to homes, businesses
and other small users of electricity by three
wires from a utility pole.
Two of the wires are “hot,” each carrying
120 volts.
The other wire is “neutral,” and provides the
return path for electricity.
Electrical Service
Cont...
Service connections can be overhead or
underground
Planning
Watt-hour meter measures and records the
quantity of electric power consumed with
respect to time. It is supplied by the public
utility and always placed ahead of the main
disconnect switch.
Watt-hour meter
Electrical Service
(cont.)
These wires are connected to a service
entrance, which is where the electricity
enters a building.
A meter is used in the service entrance to
measure the amount of electricity being
used.
Electrical Service
(cont.)
The service entrance is grounded with a
wire connected to a ground rod driven
several feet into the ground.
It is needed to provide a return path to the
ground and to carry away stray electrical
current out of the system.
Generator are required to supply emergency
electric power for exit lighting, alarm system,
elevators, telephone systems, fire pumps, and
medical equipment in hospitals.
Transformers are used in large installations to
step down high supply voltage to the service
voltage.
Cables & Wiring
• Many circuits include one or more switches.
A switch allows the continuous path to be
broken,
• By using two 3-way switches, the circuit can
be controlled from two places, When the
circuit is broken by a switch, a broken wire,
or for any other reason, it is said to be open.
• Any material that carries electric current is
called a conductor.
• When two or more wire conductors are
bundled together, they make a cable
• In larger buildings the wiring is frequently
installed by pulling individual wires through
steel or plastic pipes, called conduit.
• In houses it is more common to use cables
containing the needed wires plus one
ground conductor.
• The ground conductor does not normally
carry current. The ground, as it is usually
abbreviated, connects all of the electrical
devices in the house to the ground. If,
because of some malfunction, the voltage
reaches a part of the device that someone
might touch, the ground protects him or her
from a serious shock.
• The current that might otherwise flow
through the person follows the ground
conductor to the earth. The earth actually
carries this current back to the generating
station.
Cable Types
Cable Types
• One is 14/2 with ground, which has one
black conductor, one white conductor, and
a bare ground conductor.
Cable Types (cont.)
• A third type of cable is 14/3 with ground,
which has one black conductor, one white
conductor, one red conductor, and one bare
ground conductor.
Symbols (cont.)
Two and Three wire
Breakers
Service Panel
Follows the meter.
It houses the circuit
breakers for the
system and is used to
distribute the power
to individual circuits
throughout the
system.
Overcurrent
When a circuit uses too much electricity, an
overcurrent causes a circuit breaker to trip,
shutting down the power to that circuit.
The excessive heat caused by an overcurrent
condition may burn or damage a conductor’s
insulation and cause a fire.
A circuit breaker is a heat-sensitive switch,
which automatically trips when electricity
demand is too great which causes the
temperature in the conductor to get too hot.
Number of outlets
Receptacles
How to wire a
receptacle
All receptacles should be wired such
that the hot or live (black) lead is
connected to a specific side of the
outlet, and the neutral (white) lead to
the other.
LIHTING
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LUMINAIRE
LUMINAIRE
READING
THE ELECTRICAL
PLANS
Symbols
Symbols
Symbols
Symbols