TYPES OF ANGLES

Acute angle: An angle whose measure is less than 90 degrees. The following is an
acute angle.

Right angle: An angle whose measure is 90 degrees.

TYPES OF ANGLES
Obtuse angle : An angle whose measure is bigger than 90 degrees but less than 180
degrees. Thus, it is between 90 degrees and 180 degrees. The following is an obtuse
angle.

It is an angle whose measure is 180 degrees.

Straight angle :
TYPES OF ANGLES
Reflex angle : An angle whose measure is more than 180 degrees but less than 360
degrees. The following is a reflex angle.

Adjacent angles :
Angles with a common vertex and one common side. In the figure below, ∠1 and
∠2 are adjacent angles.
TYPES OF ANGLES
Complementary angles : Two angles whose measures add to 90 degrees. ∠1 and ∠2 are
complementary angles because together they form a right angle.
However, one thing that you should note is that, even though in the figure given here, the
two angles are shown as adjacent, they need not be so to be called complementary. As
long as two angles add up to 90 degrees, they will be called complementary (even if they
are not adjacent to each other).
TYPES OF ANGLES
Supplementary angles : Two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees. The
following angles 1 and 2 are supplementary angles. However, supplementary angles do
not need to be adjacent. The only condition is that their sum is 180 degrees.

Vertical angles: Angles that have a common vertex and whose sides are formed by the
same lines. (∠1 and ∠2 are vertical angles.)
TRANSVERSAL LINES

<a =
<b
<c <a <c <d
<g <e =
<e = Corresponding Angles
<d <f
<b <g <h
<f =
<h
<a =
<h Alternate Exterior
<c <f
= Angles
<a =
<e + <b = 180 Internal Angles on the <h
same side <g <h Alternate internal
<g + <d = 180 = Angles
PRACTICE ǪUESTIONS
1. What is the value of x in the given
figure? Options:
(a) 15°
(b) 20°
(c) 28°
(d) None of these
PRACTICE ǪUESTIONS
2. In the given figure, find the value of (a+b) ?
Options:
(a) 50°
(b) 54°
(c) 60°
(d) None of these
PRACTICE ǪUESTIONS
[Link] 2a+3 and 3a+2 are complementary, then
find a.

Options:
(a) 17
(b) 20
(c) 23
(d) 26
PRACTICE ǪUESTIONS
4. If 3x−17 and x+13 are supplementary, then
find x.
Options:

(a)20°
(b)25°
(c)30°
(d)None of these
PRACTICE ǪUESTIONS
5. In the following figure, lines L1 and L2 are parallel to each
other. Find the value of q.
Options:

(a)60°
(b)80°
(c)90°
(d)85°
PRACTICE ǪUESTIONS
6.
PRACTICE ǪUESTIONS
7.
PRACTICE ǪUESTIONS
8.
Concept of Triangle
A triangle is a polygon formed by three sides and three angles.

This means the sum of interior angles of any triangle is always 180 .
Types of Triangles
Triangles are classified based on sides and angles.

Based on Sides
1. Equilateral Triangle
● All three sides equal
● All angles = 60°

Properties
● All medians, altitudes, and angle bisectors coincide
● Highly symmetric
Types of Triangles
Triangles are classified based on sides and angles.

Based on Sides
2. Isosceles Triangle
Two sides equal

Properties
● Angles opposite equal sides are equal
● Median from vertex is also altitude and angle bisector
Types of Triangles
Triangles are classified based on sides and angles.

Based on Sides
3. Scalene Triangle
● All sides unequal
● All angles different
Types of Triangles
Triangles are classified based on sides and angles.

Based on Angles
1. Acute Triangle
All angles < 90°

2. Right
Triangle One
angle = 90° a^2 +
b^2 = c^2
Types of Triangles
Triangles are classified based on sides and angles.

Based on Angles
1. Acute Triangle
All angles < 90°

2. Right
Triangle One
angle = 90° a^2 +
b^2 = c^2
Types of Triangles
Triangles are classified based on sides and angles.

Based on Angles
3. Obtuse Triangle
One angle > 90°
Important Properties of
Triangles
1. Greater Side Opposite Greater Angle
Important Properties of
Triangles
2. Triangle Inequality Theorem

The sum of any two sides must be greater than the third side.
Important Properties of
Triangles
3. Exterior Angle Property
The exterior angle equals the sum of opposite interior angles. If
exterior angle at A is E
Important Properties of
Triangles
4. Angle–Side Relationship

Largest angle Opposite largest side

Smallest angle Opposite smallest side
Important Lines in a
Triangle
1. Median
A median joins a vertex to the midpoint of opposite side.

Properties
● Three medians intersect at centroid.
● Centroid divides median in ratio 2:1
Important Lines in a
Triangle
2. Altitude
A perpendicular drawn from vertex to opposite side.

Properties

Three altitudes meet at orthocenter.

Important Lines in a
Triangle
3. Angle Bisector
Divides an angle into two equal parts.

Important property:
● Angle bisector divides opposite side in ratio of adjacent sides.

Example
Important Lines in a
Triangle
4. Perpendicular Bisector

● Passes through midpoint of side

● Perpendicular to side

Intersection point = Circumcenter

Heron's Formula

● If sides are a, b, c
● Semi-perimeter :

● Area :
Similar Triangles
Two triangles are similar if corresponding angles equal and sides proportional.
● Conditions

Property of Similar Triangles

Similar Triangles
Two triangles are similar if corresponding angles equal and sides proportional.
● Conditions

Property of Similar Triangles

Congruent Triangles
Triangles are congruent if all corresponding sides and angles equal.
Conditions
Shortcut Properties
PRACTICE ǪUESTIONS
PRACTICE ǪUESTIONS
Concept of Ǫuadrilateral
A quadrilateral is a polygon having four sides, four vertices, and four angles.
Interior Angle Property
<A + <B + <C + <D = 360 degree
● So, the sum of interior angles of any quadrilateral is always 360°.
Basic Characteristics
● Number of sides = 4
● Number of vertices = 4
● Number of diagonals = 2
Types of Ǫuadrilaterals
1. Parallelogram
A quadrilateral where both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.
Properties
● Opposite sides equal and parallel
● Opposite angles equal
● Adjacent angles supplementary
Types of Ǫuadrilaterals
2. Rectangle
● A rectangle is a parallelogram where all angles are 90°.
Properties
● Opposite sides equal
● All angles = 90°
● Diagonals equal
● Diagonals bisect each other

Area
● Area = Length × Breadth
Types of Ǫuadrilaterals
3. Square
●A square is both a rectangle and a rhombus.
Properties
● All sides equal
● All angles = 90°
● Diagonals equal
● Diagonals perpendicular
● Diagonals bisect each other

Area
Types of Ǫuadrilaterals
4. Rhombus
● A rhombus is a quadrilateral with all sides equal.

Properties
● Opposite angles equal
● Diagonals perpendicular
● Diagonals bisect each other
● Diagonals bisect vertex angles

Area
Types of Ǫuadrilaterals
5. Trapezium (Trapezoid)
● A trapezium has one pair of parallel sides.

Properties
● Parallel sides called bases
● Non-parallel sides called legs
Area
Types of Ǫuadrilaterals
6. Isosceles Trapezium
Properties

● Non-parallel sides equal

● Base angles equal
● Diagonals equal
Important Ǫuadrilateral
Properties
Diagonal Property
A diagonal divides a quadrilateral into two triangles.

So.

Midpoint Theorem in Quadrilateral

If the midpoints of all four sides are joined, they form a parallelogram.
Important Ǫuadrilateral
Properties
Area Between Same Parallels
Triangles on same base and between same parallels have equal area.
Concept of Polygon
A polygon is a closed figure formed by three or more straight line segments.
Concept of Polygon
Sum of Interior Angles of a Polygon = (n-2)*180
Where n = number of sides
Concept of Polygon
Exterior Angle Property of Polygon
For any polygon, the sum of exterior angles is always:

Regular Polygon
A regular polygon has:
● All sides equal
● All angles equal

Interior angle of a regular polygon:

Concept of Polygon
Number of Diagonals in Polygon
Formula:

Example
Pentagon
Important Shortcuts
Shortcut 1
Interior angles of quadrilateral = 360°

Shortcut 2
Exterior angles of any polygon = 360°

Shortcut 3
Regular polygon interior angle: 180 – 360/n

Shortcut 4
A polygon can be divided into (n−2) triangles.

Example
Hexagon → 4 triangles
Practice Ǫuestions
Practice Ǫuestions
Concept of Circle
A circle is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point called the
centre.
Important Circle Formulas
Circumference of Circle

Area of Circle
Chords of a Circle
A chord is a line segment joining two points on the circle.

Important Properties of Chords

Diameter is the Longest Chord

The diameter divides the circle into two equal semicircles.

Equal Chords are Equidistant from Centre

If two chords have equal length, then their distance from the centre is equal.
Chords of a Circle
Important Properties of Chords

1. Diameter is the Longest Chord

The diameter divides the circle into two equal semicircles.

2. Equal Chords are Equidistant from Centre

If two chords have equal length, then their distance from the centre is equal.

3. Perpendicular from Centre to Chord

If a perpendicular is drawn from centre to a chord:
● It bisects the chord
Meaning:
Chords of a Circle
Important Properties of Chords

[Link] Chords Subtend Equal Angles

Angles in a Circle
Angle at the Centre vs Angle at Circumference
● If a chord subtends an angle at centre and circumference:
Angles in a Circle
Angle in a Semicircle
Angle subtended by diameter at the circumference is 90°.

This creates a right triangle.

Tangents of a Circle
A tangent is a line that touches the circle at exactly one point.

That point is called point of contact.

Property 1: Tangent is Perpendicular to Radius

● At point of contact
Tangents of a Circle
Property 2: Tangents from Same External Point

Two tangents drawn from the same external point are equal.

If from point P:

PA and PB are tangents, Then

PA=PB

Property 3: Tangent–Chord Angle Property

Angle between tangent and chord equals angle in the opposite arc.
Secant and Tangent
Property
If a tangent and secant are drawn from an external point, then

This is known as Power of a Point theorem.

Important Shortcuts
Trick 1: Radius–Tangent Rule
Radius always perpendicular to tangent.

Trick 2: Equal Tangent Rule

From same external point PA=PB

Trick 3: Diameter Rule

Angle in semicircle = 90°.

Trick 4: Central vs Inscribed Angle

Central angle = twice the angle at circumference.
Important Shortcuts
Trick 1: Radius–Tangent Rule
Radius always perpendicular to tangent.

Trick 2: Equal Tangent Rule

From same external point PA=PB

Trick 3: Diameter Rule

Angle in semicircle = 90°.

Trick 4: Central vs Inscribed Angle

Central angle = twice the angle at circumference.
Practice Ǫuestions
Practice Ǫuestions