PYSICS FORMULA SHEET

(IX,X,XI)
1. Time period of simple pendulum:
I) Time period = Time required for No. Of vibrations
No. Of vibrations

II) No. Of vibrations = Time required for [Link] vibrations

Time Period

III) Time required for No. Of vibrations = Time period x

Number Of vibrations

• Units:
- Seconds (s)
2. Thinking & Braking:
I) Stopping = Thinking + Braking

II) Braking = Stopping - Thinking

III) Thinking = Stopping - Braking

• Units:
- Meters (m)
3. Kinematics:
I) Speed = Distance
Time
 II) Time = Distance
Speed

III) Distance = Speed x Time

IV) Avg. speed = Total Distance

Total Time

V) Acceleration = -u
Time
Where,
= Final Velocity
u = Initial velocity

• Units:
- Displacement: meters (m)
- Velocity: meters per second (m/s)
- Acceleration: meters per second squared (m/s²)

4. Density:
I) Density = Mass .

Volume

II) Mass = Density x Volume

III) Volume = Mass .

Density

• Units:
- Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³)
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 5. Forces and motion:
I) Gravity = Mass x gravitational pull (9.98 m/s)

II) Force = Mass x Acceleration

III) Force = Spring constant x Extension ( )

F
F=Kx

IV) Extension = Final Length - Original Length

V) Momentum = Mass x Velocity

( ) x ( )
P = x

VI) Conservation Of Momentum:

1 2

1 2

Total momentum before collision = Total momentum after collision

₁u₁ + ₂u₂ = ₁ ₁ + ₂ ₂
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 • If object sticks after collision:

₁u₁ + ₂u₂ = x

VII) Impulse = Force x Time

VIII)Impulse = - u
= ( -u)

IX) Moment = Force x Perpendicular distance from pivot

X) Moment:
Clockwise moment = anti-clockwise moment

F₁ F₂
d₁ d₂

Anti-clockwise Clockwise
movement movement

Axis of
rotation
Pivot

• Units:
• Force (F): Newtons (N) [where 1 N = 1 kg·m/s²]
• Mass (m): Kilograms (kg)
• Acceleration (a): Meters per second squared (m/s²)
• Momentum (P): Kilogram meters per second (kg·m/s).
• Impulse: Newton seconds (N·s) or kilogram meters per
. second (kg·m/s).
• Moment: Newton meters (N·m).
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 6. Energy:
I) Energy = Force (F) x Distance (d)

II) Ek (Kinetic energy) = 1 x v²

2

II) Ep (Potential Energy) = h

Where,
= Mass
= Gravity(9.98)
h = Height

(or)

G.P.E = W x h
Where,
W = Weight
h = Height

III) Lost in G.P.E = Gain In [Link]

h = 1 x v²
2

IV) Total Input energy = Useful output energy + wasted energy

V) E ciency = Useful Energy Output x 100

Total Energy Input

VI) E ciency = Useful Power Output x 100

Total Power Input

VII) Energy = Power (P) x Time (t)

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VIII) Energy = V x I x t
Where,
V = Voltage
I = Current
t = Time

• Units:
- Joules (J),
where 1 J = 1 kg·m²/s²

7. Work:
I) Work = F x s
Where,
Work = work done (In joules)
F = Force (In Newtons)
s = The distance moved in the direction of the force (m).

II) Work = Force (F) x Distance (d)

• Units:
- joules (J),
where 1 J = 1 N·m

8. Power:
I) Power = W = E
t t

Where,
W = Work
E = Energy
t = Time
 II) P=VxI
Where,
V = Voltage
I = Current

• Units:
- Watts (W),
where 1 W = 1 J/s

9. Pressure:
I) Pressure = Force
Area

II) Pressure = ρ h
Where,
ρ = density
= Gravity (9.8)
h = Height

III) Ptotal = Patm + PLiquid

Where,
Total Pressure = Atmospheric Pressure + Pressure in liquids

IV) P1V1 = P2V2

Where,
P = Pressure
V = Volume

• Units:
- Pascals (Pa),
where 1 Pa = 1 N/m²
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 10. Thermal Physics:
I) Heat Capacity (C) = Energy .
Change in temperature

II) Speci c heat capacity (c) = Heat Capacity (C)

mass ( )

III) Thermal Capacity (C) = mass( ) x Speci c Heat Capacity (c)

Heat Capacity (C) Thermal Capacity
=
Heat Capacity
IV) Energy = x c x Δ T (Temperature)

V) Speci c heat capacity (c) = Energy .

Mass( ) Δ Temperature
= Joules (or) Joules
Kg℃ KgxK

VI) Charles Law:

1 = 2

1 2

Where,
• 1 and 2 = initial and nal volumes (cubic meters, m³)
• 1 and 2 = initial and nal temperatures (Kelvin, K)

VII) Pressure Law:

1 = 2

1 2

Where,
1 and 2= Initial and nal pressures (Pascals, Pa)
1 and 2 = Initial and nal temperatures (Kelvin, K)
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 • Units:
- Temperature: degrees Celsius (°C) or kelvin (K)
- Heat energy: joules per Celsius (℃) or kelvin (J)
- Speci c heat capacity (c): joules per kilogram per degree
Celsius (J/kg·°C)
- Thermal conductivity: watts per meter per kelvin (W/m·K)

11. Waves:
I) Frequency ( ) = 1
Time (T)

II) Speed Of Wave = Velocity ( ) = x Lamda (λ)[Wavelength]

III) Lamda = Speed of wave

Frequency ( )

• Units:
- Frequency: Hertz (Hz)
- Amplitude: A
- Time period: Seconds (s)

12. Light:
I) Refractive Index = Speed of light in air
( ) Speed of light in median

II) = Sin (i)

Sin (r)
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 III) = Sin (r)
Sin (i)

IV) n = 1
Critical Angle

• Units:
- Speed: Meter per second (m/s)

13. Sound:
I) Speed = Distance
Time

II) = 2d [For Echo]

t

• Units:
- Speed: Meter per second (m/s)
- Frequency: Hertz (Hz)

14. Electricity:
III) Current ( ) = Charge (Q)
Time (t)

IV) Charge (Q) = Current ( ) x Time (t)

V) Voltage (V) = Current ( ) x Resistance (R)

VI) Voltage (V) = Energy (E)

Charge (Q)
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VII) Potential Di erence (V) = Work Done By Charge (W)
Charge (Q)

VIII) e.m.f (E) = Work Done On Charge (W)

Charge (Q)

IX) Resistance (R) = Voltage (V)

Current ( )

X) Power (P) = Energy Transferred (J)

Time Taken (t)
P = ΔE
t

XI) Power (P) = Current ( ) x Voltage (V)

XII) Energy Transferred = Current x p.d. x time

E = Vt

XIII)Energy Transferred (kWh) = Power (kW) x time (hr)

XIV) Total resistance (Parallel Circuit): [More than 2 resistors]

1 = 1 + 1 + 1.

RT R1 R2 R3

XV) Total resistance (Parallel Circuit): [Only 2 resistors]

Total Resistance (RT) = R1 x R2

R1 + R2

XVI)Total Resistance (Series Circuit):

Total Resistance (RT) = R1 + R2 + R3

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 XVII) V1 = R1 1. V1 = x R1 V1 = x R1 V1 = R1
V2 R2 2. V2 = x R2 V2 x R2 V2 R2
(Current ( ) is constant)

• Units:
- Electric charge: Columb (C)
- Current: Ampere/Amps (A)
- Voltage: Volts (V) [1V = 1J/C]
- Resistance: Ohms (Ω)
- Power: Watts (W)

15. Electromagnetic Forces:

I) Voltage Across Primary Coil = Number Of Turns On Primary .

Voltage Across Secondary Coil Number of Turns On Secondary

Vp = Np
Vs Ns

II) Power Loss = ²R

III) Power In Primary Coil = Power Out Of Secondary Coil

p x Vp = s x Vs

• Units:
- Same as eletricity
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 16. Space Physics:
I) Orbital Speed= 2πr .

T
Where,
r is the radius from the centre to centre.
T is time taken for a complete orbital period.

II) Light speed calculations:

Time Taken = distance travelled (distance from sun)
Speed of light (3.0 x 10⁸)

III) Gravitational Force:

Force = Gm1m2
r²
Where,
G = Gravitational constant (6.67 x 10⁻¹¹) [Not to be memorised]
r = Distance from centre of two masses
m1 = Mass of rst object
m2 = Mass of second object

IV) Hubbles Law:

= 0
Where,
= Recession velocity of galaxies
0 = Hubbles constant (2.29 x 10⁻¹⁸/s) [Not to be memorised]
d = Distance of galaxies from earth
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 V) Gravitational eld strength:

g= F

Where,
g = Gravitational eld strength
F = Gravitational force
= mass

• Units:
- Speed: meter per second (m/s)
- Distance: meters (m)
- Time: Seconds (s)
- Gravity: Newton per kilogram (N/Kg)
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