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Meningitis-Encephalitis Panel Algorithm

The document outlines a testing algorithm for patients with acute meningitis or encephalitis symptoms, emphasizing the need for lumbar puncture and specific CSF tests. It differentiates testing protocols for previously healthy versus immunocompromised patients and suggests additional tailored testing based on clinical presentation and risk factors. Specialty consultations are recommended, and various pathogen-specific tests are included for comprehensive diagnosis.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views1 page

Meningitis-Encephalitis Panel Algorithm

The document outlines a testing algorithm for patients with acute meningitis or encephalitis symptoms, emphasizing the need for lumbar puncture and specific CSF tests. It differentiates testing protocols for previously healthy versus immunocompromised patients and suggests additional tailored testing based on clinical presentation and risk factors. Specialty consultations are recommended, and various pathogen-specific tests are included for comprehensive diagnosis.

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maged
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel Algorithm

Recommended testing for patients with findings suggestive of acute (<8 days of symptoms) meningitis or encephalitis.
NOTE: Not intended for patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts or possible central nervous system surgical site infections.
Infectious Diseases and/or Neurology specialty consultation is recommended.
■ Lumbar puncture to obtain CSF. Order the following tests and retain CSF for additional testing:

■ Opening pressure (may not be indicated in neonates/ infants)

■ Cytology, cell count and differential

■ Protein and glucose

■ Gram stain

■ Bacterial culture (aerobic with antimicrobial susceptibility testing)

■ Cryptococcal antigen, if indicated per patient risk factors

■ Blood cultures

Previously healthy patient Immunocompromised patient or patient


with current/recent antibiotic treatment

If CSF testing available on-site Order: CSFME / Meningitis/Encephalitis


Perform: Pathogen Panel, PCR, Spinal Fluid
■ Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen

■ Herpes simplex virus (HSV) PCR

■ Enterovirus PCR
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
Consider:
■ Varicella-zoster virus PCR

Pathogen-specific
POSITIVE infection management
NEGATIVE TESTING NOT CSF parameters CSF parameters do
AVAILABLE suggest infection not suggest infection

Order: MSCSF / Bacteria, Reevaluate patient


Pathogen-specific CSF parameters do CSF parameters
POSITIVE Virus, Fungus, and
infection management not suggest infection suggest infection
Parasite Metagenomic
Sequencing, Spinal Fluid

Pathogen-specific
Reevaluate patient infection management
NEGATIVE

Additional testing should be tailored based on clinical presentation, risk factors, CSF ■ Vector-borne testing
parameters, and exposure history. – Mosquito-borne pathogens
■ If not previously performed, consider: – Refer to the Mosquito-borne Disease Laboratory Testing Algorithm for
– CLFA / Cryptococcus Antigen Screen with Titer, Spinal Fluid information
– HSVC / Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Molecular Detection, PCR, Spinal Fluid – Tick-borne pathogens
■ Syphilis testing – LNBAB / Lyme Central Nervous System Infection IgG with Antibody Index
– SYPH1 / Syphilis IgG with Reflex, Enzyme Immunoassay, Serum Reflex, Serum and Spinal Fluid (see Lyme Neuroborreliosis Diagnostic Algorithm)
– NSAIP / Neurosyphilis IgG Antibody Index with VDRL, Serum and Spinal Fluid – LYMPV / Lyme Disease, Molecular Detection, PCR, Varies
■ Fungal and mycobacterial testing – POWV / Powassan Virus, IgM, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Serum
– FGEN / Fungal Culture, Routine – POWVU / Powassan Virus, RNA, Molecular Detection, PCR, Urine
– FS / Fungal Smear, Varies – POWVB / Powassan Virus, RNA, Molecular Detection, PCR, Blood
– CTB / Mycobacteria and Nocardia Culture, Varies – POWVC / Powassan Virus, RNA, Molecular Detection, PCR, CSF
– SAFB / Acid-Fast Smear for Mycobacterium, Varies – POWVS / Powassan Virus, RNA, Molecular Detection, PCR, Serum
– MTBRP / Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex, Molecular Detection, PCR – HRTVC / Heartland Virus, RNA, Molecular Detection, PCR, Spinal Fluid
– HBRP / Histoplasma capsulatum/Blastomyces species, – HRTVS / Heartland Virus, RNA, Molecular Detection, PCR, Serum
Molecular Detection, PCR, Varies – For emerging vector-borne diseases (eg, Jamestown Canyon virus) contact your
– HIBC / Histoplasma/Blastomyces Panel, Spinal Fluid local public health laboratory for more information
– HISER / Histoplasma Antibody Complement Fixation ■ Neuroimmunology testing (consider if antibody prevalence in epilepsy and

and Immunodiffusion, Serum encephalopathy [APE2] score is ≥4)


– FUNSF / Fungitell, CSF (1,3-beta-D-glucan) – ENS2 / Encephalopathy, Autoimmune Evaluation, Serum
– BLAST / Blastomyces Antibody by Enzyme Immunoassay, Serum – ENC2 / Encephalopathy, Autoimmune Evaluation, Spinal Fluid
– COXIS / Coccidioides Antibody with Reflex, Serum ■ Parasitic testing

– CCOC / Coccidioides Antibody, Spinal Fluid – FLARP / Free-Living Amebae, Molecular Detection, PCR, Spinal Fluid,
– CIMRP / Coccidioides immitis/posadasii, Fresh and Paraffin Tissue
Molecular Detection, PCR – PTOX / Toxoplasma gondii, Molecular Detection, PCR
– TXPAB / Toxoplasma gondii Antibody, IgM and IgG, Serum
■ Other considerations

– BRBPS / Broad Range Bacterial PCR and Sequencing, Varies


– JCPCR / JC Virus, Molecular Detection, PCR, Spinal Fluid

© Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). All rights reserved. 02/2026

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