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Chapter 71

The document outlines various mathematical concepts related to ratios and proportions, including methods for checking prerequisite skills and preparing for Chapter 7. It includes examples, guided practice problems, and vocabulary related to ratios, proportions, and their applications in real-world scenarios. Additionally, it discusses the Cross Products Property and provides exercises to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

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3 views76 pages

Chapter 71

The document outlines various mathematical concepts related to ratios and proportions, including methods for checking prerequisite skills and preparing for Chapter 7. It includes examples, guided practice problems, and vocabulary related to ratios, proportions, and their applications in real-world scenarios. Additionally, it discusses the Cross Products Property and provides exercises to reinforce understanding of these concepts.

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jumanaserhan78
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© All Rights Reserved
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NMS LCST ELA) ratios and i cechiLoa adel! eae en erent) eed re ola Se Eu Pos ae a Rees [Link] aC eatery TC) ua arrive Sic ene N71 ce ld eS) i | De ee | (rag rl mee rele) tig Diagnose Readiness | You have two options for checking prerequisite skills. ‘Textbook Option Take the Quick Check below. Refer to the Quick Review for help, QuickReview Original equation 5, EDUGATION The studentto teacher rato at Eder High Schoo) 34¥— = SI2x-+ 11) cross mutiieaton is 17101. tf tere are 1068 stdersin the schoo, how many «12k 9=10x-+ 55 disiutve Popeny acters are re 2r= 64 a, x= 82 Simply. ALGEBRA Inthe figure, BA and Bd are opposite rays and 6 MSc ems: EASE, Inthe figure, GP and “GA are opposite rays, and GF bisects 2808. mzSOR = 6x-+ 8 and m2 TOR = Ax ~ 14, find mzsr. e 6. I mZABF = 3x— 8 and mZABD = x-+ 14,find MZABD. Since TE bisects SOR, mZSOR = 2(m2 OR). 7, WmcFOG= 2x-+ 25and mZABF = 10x—1, fd MZDBF am pg0R= 2mZTOR bol of Zvseclor 8 LANDSCAPING landscape architect is planing to add 6r+B=2tx— 14) swstvion sidewaks around a fountain as shown [Link] BA and BE Ge axe opposite rays and BD bisects ZABF, find mZFBC. 8x28 Distributive Property Subtract Simply. Since T bisects 2S0R, mZSQT = m2 TOR. mLSQT= mLTOR — Det. of Z bisector MLSOT = 4x= 14 Substitution m2SOT = 58 x=16 { Online Option Take an onine sett-check Chapter Readiness Quiz at Get Started on the Chapter You will learn several new concepts, skills, and vocabulary terms as you study Ghapter 7. To get ready, identify important terms and organize your resources. ‘You may wish to refer to Chapter 0 to review prerequisite skils. [STE StudyOrganizer Proportions and Similarity Make this Foldable to help you English cxganize your Chapter 7 notes about proportions, similar ae polygons, and similarity transformations. Begin wth four sheets of notebook paper erat extromes means 1 Fold the four sheets of see paper in hat similar polygons seal factor dition similarity transformation 2. Gut aiong the top fold of F re enlargement the papers. Staple along ? reduction the Side to form a book. k acta scale drawing ReviewVocabulary 3 curtthe right sides ofeach paper to create ata for each esson 4 Label each tab with a lesson number, as shown. 461 p.462 p.462 p. 462 p.462 469 p.470 pst pst pst pst 9.518 p.518 azn proporcin extremos, ‘medias productos cruzados Doligonos semejantes factor de escala homotecia ‘ransformacién de semejanza ‘ampliacion reduccién ‘modelo a escala dibujo aescala gy I atitude altura a segment drawn from a vertex of a le triangle perpendicular tothe Line containing the other side angle bisector bisectriz de un éngulo a ray that divides ‘an angle into two congruent angles median mediana a segment drawn from a vertex of 2 triangle tothe midpoint of the opposite side © Yousohed ° problems by writing and solving equation, NewVocabulary ‘ato ‘extended ratios proportion ‘exromes means cross products Common Core State Standards ‘Content Standards EMG3 Apply geomet metods to stv problems (€.9, designing an objector structure to salty physical ‘constraints oc minimize cost ering with poppe at-bats and 181 hits, find his batting average. sid sysems based on eae Divide the number of hits by the number of Mathomatical Practices bats, 7 Look’ and make soot seven. number of hits__ 181, 2 Look and express ‘umber of at bats ~ 521 regulary repeated reasoning. Ratios and Proportions Te ig Wt ratio. ‘@ The aspect ratio ofa television 1 or compute screens the screen's width divided by its ite a soe height. A standard television proportions, soreen has an aspect ratio of oF 4:3, while ahigh Real-World Example 1 SPORTS A baseball player's batting average is the ratio of the number of base hits to the number of at-bats, not including walks. Minnesota Twins’ Joe Mauer had the highest batting average in Major League Baseball in 2006. If he had 521 official 347 Joe Mauer’s batting average was 0.347. GuidedPractice 1. SCHOOL In Logan’s high school, there are 190 teachers and 2650 students. What is the approximate student-teacher ratio at his school? Extended ratios can be used to compare three or more quantities. The expression asb:e ‘means that the ratio of the first two quantities is a:b, the ratio of the last two quantities is EE] «gg ReadingMath ‘Proportion When a proportion is writen using cons itis read sing the word 10 fer the exon. For example, 2:3 is read 2 to 3, The means are the inside numbers and the extremes ar the ouside numbers. “The ratio ofthe messes ofthe angles in a rangle is 3:4:5 Find the measures of the angles. Just asthe ratio Zor 3:4 equivalent oS or Sty, the extended rato 35 cam be written as: Sketch and label the angle measures of the tri ‘Then write and solve an equation to find the: of x 3x 44x +5x=180 Tangle Sum Theorem 12x = 180 Combine tke terms. 15 Divide each side by 12. x So the measures of the angles are 3(15) or 45, 4(15) or 60, and 5(15) or 75. CHECK The sum of the angle measures should be 180, 45 + 60+ 75 = 180¥ GuidedPractice 2 Inatriangle, the ratio of the measures of the sides is 2:2:3 and the perimeter is 392 inches. Find the length of the longest side of the triangle. Use Properties of Proportions An equation tating hat Wwo ratios are equal is called a proportion. In the proportion & = ¢, the numbers a and dare called. the &xtRERIS ofthe proportion, while the numbers band care called the RS of the proportion. extreme gq _¢ mean mean» bd «extreme i ris cA crt ne Baad KeyConcept Cross Products Property ‘na proportion, the product ofthe extremes equals the Product ofthe means, when b # Oand d+ 0, then ad = be. 8 prttend “15 = 10-6. ‘You will prove the Grass Products Property in Exercise 41, The converse of the Cross Products Property is also true, ad = fe and b # O and d #0, then #= $. Thats, and § form. proportion. You can use the Cross Products Property tosolvea proportion. Q 462 | Lesson 7-1 | Ratios and Proportions ‘StudyTip ) Perseverance ‘ample 30 could also be solved by matilying each side ofthe equation by 10, the least common denominator. Real-Worldl ink ‘The percent of diving-age tens ages 15 to 20) with their onn vies neary doubles nation rom 22 porcrt in 1985 to 42 percent in 2008, Sere: ating esc |S we ne rien Solve each proportion. (rigina proportion Gross Products (x + 3)5 = 2f4x) Property simply. Bx +15 = 85 Solve fr x 15 =3r 5=x p> GuidedPractice xi balk ta Proportions can be u 1d to make predictions. Peed ‘CAR OWNERSHIP Fernando conducted a survey of 50 students driving to school and found that 28 owned cars. If 755 students drive to his school, predict the total number of students who own cars. Write and solve a proportion that compares the number of students who own cars to the number who drive to school. Bx <-students owning ears 50 ~ 755 + students driving to schol 28+ 21,140 428 (Gross Products Property Simply, Divide each side by 50 Based on Femando’s survey, about 423 students at his school own cars, ) GuideaPractice 4. BIOLOGY’ In an experiment, students netted butterflies, recorded the number with tags on their wings, and then released them. The students netted 48 butterflies and 3of those had tagged wings. Predict the number of butterflies that would have tagged wings out of 100 netted. ‘The proportion shown in Example 4 is not the only correct proportion for that situation, Equivalent forms of a proportion all have identical cross products. KeyConcept Equivalent Proportions ‘Symbols ‘The fllowing proportions are equivalent. © 4 Examples a8 50 755" 26 ===] og Gnesi) rer ion begin on pa Example 1 4, PETS Out of a survey of 1000 households, 460 had at least one dog or cat as a pet. What is the ratio of pet owners to households? 2. SPORTS Thirty girls tried out for 15 spots on the basketball team. What is the ratio of ‘open spots to the number of girls competing? Example 2 3, The ratio of the measures of three sides of a triangle is, 4, and its perimeter is 165 units, Find the measure of each side of the triangle. 4, The ratios of the measures of three angles of a triangle are 4:6:8. Find the measure of ‘each angle of the triangle. Example 3. Solve each proportion. 25 5 8S T0 . Example 4 (GS MODELING Eta is baking apple muffins for the Student Council bake sale, The recipe that she is using calls for 2 eggs per dozen muffins, and she needs to make 108 muffins. How many eggs will she need? 10, Of the films listed, which had the greatest ratio of Academy Awards to number ‘of nominations? 11, Which film listed had the lowest ratio of awards to not tions? Example 212, GAMES A video game store has 60 games to choose from, including 40 sports games. ‘What is the ratio of sports games to video games? @® Are ratio of the measures of the three sides of a triangle is 9:7 5, Its perimeter is 191.1 inches. Find the measure of each side. 14, The ratio of the measures of the three sides ofa triangle is 3:7:5, and its perimeter is 156.8 meters. Find the measure of each side. 15. The ratio ofthe measures ofthe three sides of triangle is rl fefob its perimeteris 475 feet. Find the length of the longest side. 16. The ratio of the measures of the three sides ofa triangle i is 31.5 centimeters. Find the length of the shortest side. (a) ace | tesson 7-1 | Ratios and Proportions La 4:4 andits perimeter ‘Example 4 Find the measures of the angles of each triangle. 17. The ratio of the measures of the three angles is 3:6:1 18, The ratio of the measures of the three angles is 7:5:8. 49, The ratio of the measures of the three angles is 10:86, 20, The ratio of the measures of the three angles is 5:4:7. Solve each proportion. y ae 3 nes_2 0 @ wramow According ta recent study. 7 outof every 500 Americans aged 130 17 years are vegetarian. In a group of 350 13-to 17-year-olds, about how many would you expect to be vegetarian? 30, CURRENCY Your family is traveling to Mexico on vacation. You have saved $500 to use for spending money. [f 269 Mexican pesos is equivalent to 25 United States dollars, how much money will you get when you exchange your $500 for pesos? ‘ALGEBRA Solve each proportion. Round to the nearest tenth. 2x+3__6 Ptdeed x42 ox 46 _ Bred ols an 10 bes 3 34, The perimeter of a rectangle is 98 feet. The ratio ofits length to its width is 5:2. Find the area of the rectangle, 35. The perimeter of a rectangle is 220 inches. The ratio ofits length to its width is7:3. Find the area of the rectangle. 36, The ratio of the measures of the side lengths of a quadrilateral is 2:3:5:4. Its perimeter is 154 feet. Find the length of the shortest side. 37, The ratio of the measures of the angles of a quadrilateral is 2:4:6:3. Find the measures of the angles of the quadrilateral 38, SUMMER JOBS In June of 2000, 60.2% of American teens 16 to 19 years old had ‘summer jobs. By June of 2006, 1.6% of teens in that age group were a part of thesummer work force. a. Has the number of 16- to 19-year-olds with summer jobs increased or decreased since 2000? Explain your reasoning b. In June 2006, how many 16- to 19-year-olds would you expect to have jobs out of 700 in that age group? Explain your reasoning, 39, roams In a golden rectangle, the ratio of the length to the width is about 1.618, is known as the golden ratio. 4 Recall from page 461 that a standard television screen has an aspect ratio of 4:3, while a high-definition television screen has an aspect ratio of 16:9. Is either type of screen a golden rectangle? Explain, 1. The golden ratio can also be used to determine column layouts for Web pages. Consider a site with two columns, the left for content and the right as a sidebar. The ratio of the left to right column widths s the golden ratio. Determine the width of ‘each column if the page is 960 pixels wide. 40, SCHOOL ACTIVITIES A survey of club involvement showed that, of the 36 students surveyed, the ratio of French Club members to Spanish Club members to Drama Club ‘members was 2:3:7. How many of those surveyed participate in Spanish Club? “Assume that each student is active in only one lub, (guerra) aes (9) 41, PROOF Write an algebraic proof of the Cross Products Property. 442, SPORTS Jane jogs the same path every day in the winter to stay in shape for track ‘season. She runs at a constant rate, and she spends a total of 39 minutes jogging. If the ratio ofthe times of the four legs of the jog is 3:5:1 4, how lang does the second leg of the jog take her? BP MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this problem, you will explore proportional relationships in triangles. a Geometric Draw an isosceles triangle ABC. Measure and label the legs and the vertex angle. Draw a second triangle MNO with a congruent vertex angle and legs twice as long as ABC. Draw a third triangle POR with a congruent vertex angle and legs half as long as ABC. 'b, Tabular Copy and complete the table below using the appropriate measures. Tangle 250 _MNO_ | _POR oo Perimeter ‘¢. Verbal Make a conjecture about the change in the perimeter of an isosceles triangle if the vertex angle is held constant and the leg length is increased or decreased by a factor, 44, ERROR ANALYSIS Mollie and Eva have solved the proportion Iseither of them correct? Explain your reasoning, 2-32) = 41) x-se4 ae? 445, CHALLENGE The dimensions of a rectangle are y and y? + Tand the perimeter of the rrectangle is 14 units. Find the ratio of the longer side of the rectangle to the shorter sicle ‘of the rectangle. ‘GSSREASONING “The ratio of the lengths of the diagonals of a quadrilateral is 1:1. The ratio ofthe lengths of the consecutive sides ofthe quadrilateral is 3:4:3:5. Classify the «quadrilateral, Explain 447, WHICH ONE DOESN'T BELONG? Identify the proportion that does not belong with the ‘other three, Explain your reasoning. 48, OPEN ENDED Write four ratios that are equivalent to the ratio 2:5. Explain why all of the ratios are equivalent: 49, WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast a ratio and a proportion. Explain how you use both to solve a problem. (a) acs | tesson 7-1 | Ratios and Proportions ‘Standardized Test Practice ‘50, Solve the following proportion, 52. GRIDDED RESPONSE Mrs. Sullivan's rectangular xR bedroom measures 12 feet by 10 feet. She wants at to purchase carpet for the bedroom that costs A-12 c -16 $2.56 per square foot, including tax. How much Bi D -I8 ‘will it cost in dollars to carpet her bedroom? S51. What isthe area of rectangle WXYZ? 88, SATIACT Kamilah has 5 more than 4 times the number of DVDs that Mercedes has. If Mercedes © z has x DVDs, then in terms of x, how many DVDs a does Kamilah have? A Ate +5) Dar45 Ls B 4 +3) E Seta Cx Gare od For trapezoid ABCD, $ and T are midpoints of the legs. Aa 6 (Lesson 6-6) 84. IfCD = 14, ST = 10, and AB = 2x, find x. 88. If AB = 3x, ST = 15, and CD = 9x, find v. 86. WAB=x+4,CD =3r+2,andST=9, find AB, 57. SPORTS The infield of a baseball diamond is a square, as shown at the right: Is the pitcher’s mound located in the center of the infield? Explain. (.esson 6-5) Write an inequality for the range of values for x. (2:50 5-0) 59, ta Use the Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem to list all of the angles that satisfy the stated condition. (Les:0" 5-3) 60. measures less than mZ5 61, measures greater than m6 62. measures greater than mZ10 63, measures less than m £11 64, REASONING Find a counterexample for the following statement, (Less 5) Iflines p and maze cut by transversal € so that consecutive interior angles are congruent, then lines [Link] mt are parallel and ¢ is perpendicutar to both lines. Roe Write a paragraph proof. 65. Given: AABC = ADEF; ADEF = AGHI A A A Prove: SABC = AGH? re ZS a A © D- f 6 ' Geum ene) ie) Fibonacci Sequence ELE Leonardo Pisano (c. 1170~c. 1250), or Fibonacci, was bom in Italy but educated in North Africa. ‘As result, his work is: similar to that of other North African authors ofthat time, His book Liber baci, published in 1202, introduced what is now called the Fibonacci sequence, in which each ‘term after the frst two terms isthe sum of the two numbers before ‘You can use CeliSheet on a TI-83/84 Plus graphing calculator to calculate terms of the Fibonacci sequence. Then compare each term with its preceding term. Access the CellSheet application by pressing the (APPS) key. ‘Choose the number for GliSheet ancl press (ENTER) BREED Enter the column headings in row 1. Use the ALPHA key to enter letters and press (*) at the beginning of each label. BEEIED Enter 1 into cell A2. Then insert the formula =A24+1 in cell 3. Press [STO] to insert the = in the formula. Then use [F3I]t0 copy this formula and use [/F4 ] to paste it in each cell in the column. This will automatically calculate the number of the term. In column B, we will record the Fibonacci numbers. Enter 1in cells B2 and B3since you do not have two previous terms to add ‘Then insert the formula =B2+8B3 in cell B4. Copy this formula down the column. In column 6, we will ind the ratio of each term to its preceding term. Enter 1 in cell €2 since there is no preceding, term. Then enter B3/B2 in cell €3. Copy this formula down the column. The screens show the results for terms 1 through 11 Analyze the Results 1. What happens to the Fibonacci number as the number of the term increases? 2. What pattern of odd and even numbers do you notice in the Fibonacci sequence? 3. As the number of terms gets greater, what pattern do you notice in the ratio column? 4. Extend the spreadsheet to calculate fifty terms of the Fibonak any differences in the patterns you described in Exercises 1-3. ‘5. MAKE A CONJECTURE How might the Fibonacci sequence relate to the golden ratio? equence. Describe 468 | Extend 7-1 | Graphing Technology Lab: Fibonacci Sequence and Ratios Similar Polygons Tig © Youused proportions © =§ Use proportions 1 @ People often customize their to solve problems. (| NewVocabulary rage similar polygons scale factor Gommon Gore State Standards ‘Content Standards ‘G.SRT2 Given two gues, use he defintion ot ‘ecite i hey are sini, ‘expan using siarity ‘warsormatans the meaning of snirity forbiangls as the oquaty of at conespendirg pais of angles and te ‘roprtenaiy fat ‘comespendig pair of ses, Mathematical Practices 7 Look for and make ws of srucure 3 Ostet vate arguments and critique the reasoning of thers. ‘entity sitar Computer desktops using photos, otgons. Centering the images at ther cial sie or stething tam to sone prowiens fhe sree, Tis second method eee cistots the image, because the ee original and new images are not ‘geometrically similar. Identify Similar Polygons Similar polygons | necessarily the same size. c the same shape but not ‘KeyGoncept Similar Polygons ‘Two polygons are similar if and only if their corresponding angles are ‘congruent and corresponding side lengths are proportional. Example in the diagram below, ABCD's similar to: WXYZ. ‘Corresponding angles A 15 w 8 LA= ZW, 2B = ZX, 20= 2, 1, and 2D = 22 2 ‘Corresponding sides or ¥ on AB Bo ‘Symbols ABCD ~ WXYZ As with congruence statements, the order of vertices in a similarity stateme: ABCD ~ WXYZ is important. It identifies the corresponding angles and sides. Af AFGH ~ AJKL, list all pairs of congruent angles, and write a proportion that relates the corresponding sides Use the similarity statement. ae Congrvent anges: 2F = 4 s Proportion: £6 = tt GuidedPractice 4. In the diagram, NPOR ~ UVST. List all pairs of congruent angles, and write a proportion that relates the corresponding sides. & Q@ov vu (pesto) aco (9) tl & ‘StudyTip ‘The ratio of the lengths of the corresponding sides of two similar polygons is called the ‘Simlarity Rao The sear SEAIBUFAGKBE. The scale factor depencts on the order of comparison. factor between two simlar poygensie sometimes cated | In the diagram, ABC ~ AXYZ A the simiaty ati, \ J te scale factor of AABC to AXYZ is $ or 2 \ The scale factor of AXYZ to AABC is * or 4 y ene PHOTO EDITING Kuma wants to use the rectangular photo shown as the background for her computer's desktop, but she needs to resize it: Determine whether the following rectangular images are similar. Ifo, write the similarity statement and scale factor. Explain your reasoning, a - b. « hee, Rin in c “ ‘Compare corresponding angles. Since all angles of a rectangle are right angles and right angles are congruent, corresponding angles are congruent. - i ‘Compare corresponding sides. DC _10 4,5 BC 2 S42 ReadingMath ne =F fe Ts $#e ne Since comesponding sides are not proportional, ABCD + EFGH. ee So the photos are not Since ABCD and JKLM are both rectangles, corresponding angles are congruent ‘Compare corresponding sides. DC _ 10 5,2 BCa Bo 2-2 ME ~ 15 3 KE-12%S 375 Since corresponding sides are proportional, ABCD ~ JKLM. So the rectangles are similar with a scale factor of 2. > GuidedPractice 2. Determine whether the triangles shown are WS ag similar. Iso, write the similarity statement a and scale factor. Explain your reasoning. pains s ns AV, T > aS Q 470 | Lesson 7-2 | Similar Polygons ‘Study Tip ‘Similarity and Congrvence W ‘wo poor ae cngevent they ae aso smi Al of the coresponding anges are congroant and te lengths of the coresponding sides have antioot 11. ‘SturlyTip dentitying Simitar “Tangles When only two cemgruant angles of a tangle ar given, remember that you can use the Third Angies ‘Theorem fo establish thatthe ‘remaining corresponding angles. ae also congrvent. Use Similar Figures You can use scale factors and proportions to solve problems involving similar fi |S ori a In the diagram, ACDF ~ VWYZ. aie a Find x. Use the corresponding side lengths to write a proportion. F 7 ° CD a DE imiarity proportion B= DE simitanty propos = 9,WY=6, 0F=xZ=10 oie 2 w 9410) = 62) 90= 6 =x (Cross Produets Property Mutily Divide each side by6, Simitaty proportion 00=9,W1=6,FA=12,.V=3y-1 Cross Products Property ‘Muti. |Ad89 to each side y=3 Divide each side by 27 GuideaPractice yo, $ Find the value of each variable if M 3 AJLM ~ AQST. wy? 7 5 ens 3A x Tey 38. y ‘ In similar polygons, the ratio of any two corresponding lengths is proportional to the scale factor between them. This leads to the following theorem about the perimeters of two similar polygons. ‘1 Perimeters of Similar Polygons 1 two polygons are similar, then their perimeters are proportional fo the scale factor between them, Example if ABCO ~ KL, then on @ Seu If ABCDE ~ PQRST, find the scale factor 2 ‘of ABCDE to PQRST and the perimeter of s ‘each polygon. A c The scale factor of ABCDE to PQRST pork A WatchOut! is SE or. ee 0 Perimeter Remember that KC = AF and AE = CD the veri fomaveergine” Sins =ABan JE 2 Ee pence 2 ‘around a figure. Be sure 1 = find the sur of al side Use the perimeter of ABCDE and the scale a p lets when ing the factor to write a proportion. Let x represent perimeter of a polygon. You the perimeter of PORST. 3 may need to use oer 7 markings oF geometric @.n perimeter AABCDE acre 7.1 prices to tnd ha ngth perimeter of PORST of unmarked sides. substitution 3° (6)(0) = 4x Cross Produts Property 25=% sone. ‘So, the perimeter of PORST is 22.5. GuidedPractice w x " 4, If MINPQ ~ XYZW, find the w seale factor of MNPQ to A XYZW and the perimeter ° of each polygon. $ 7 M 8 Q Concer) Example 1 List all pairs of congruent angles, and write a proportion that relates the corresponding, sides for each pair of similar polygons. @an0e ~ azre 2. KIM ~ T5Re A : ; «oF | es "Re F 8 y wey 7 6 SHUFFLEBOARD A shuffleboard court forms three similar triangles in which ZAHB = ZAGC= ZAFD. For the given sides or angles, find the corresponding side(s) or angle(s) that are congruent. 31. AB 2. ID 33. ACG UL ZA Find the value of each variable. @ asco ~ osrr 38. AKL ~ AWYZ a J w e = BY ‘ ' c s ¥ 37, SLIDE SHOW You are using a digital projector for a slide show. The photos are 13 inches. eyo tates dete commer naoes ance sk oe tt cocipuleiig tet projected image is 1:4, What are the dimensions of the projected image? COORDINATE GEOMETRY For the given vertices, determine whether rectangle ABCD is similar to rectangle WXYZ. Justify your answer. 38, A(—1, 5), B(7, 5), C(7, =1), D1, ~1); W(-2, 10), X(14, 10), ¥(14, =2), 2(—2, ~2) 38. AG, 5), B(O, 0), CS, ~5), DA, 0); WAL, 6), X(—3, 2), ¥2, ~3), Z(6, 1) {GSS ARGUMENTS Determine whether the polygons are alioays, sometimes, or never ilar. Explain your reasoning. 40, two obtuse triangles 41, a trapezoid and a parallelogram 42, two right triangles 43, two isosceles triangles 44, a scalene triangle and an isosceles triangle 48, two equilateral triangles 46. PROOF Writea paragraph proof of Theorem 7:1. ‘ « ven: ~ and 4B = Giver: ABC~ ADEF ana 8 = geet gare perinetr of ABC é ‘ Prowe: Teameter of SDE oT 475) Apeemse @ PHOTOS You are enlarging the photo shown at the right for your school yearbook. Ifthe dimensions of the ‘original photo are 24 inches by 12 inches and the scale factor ofthe old photo tothe nev photos 2:3, what are ‘the dimensions of the new photo? 48, CHANGING DIMENSIONS Rectangle QRST is similar to rectangle [KLM with sides in a ratio of 4:1. '@ What is the ratio of the areas of the two rectangles? 1b, Suppose the dimension of each rectangle is tripled. Whatis the new ratio of the sides of the rectangles? ¢. What is the ratio of the areas of these larger rectangles? 49, CHANGING DIMENSIONS In the figure shown, x AFGH ~ AXYZ ‘a Show that the perimeters of AFGH and = AXYZ have the same ratio as their corresponding sides. 1b. If 6 units are added to the lengths of each side, are the new triangles similar? Explain. jn squares. Geometric Draw three different-sized squares. Label them ABCD, PORS, and WXYZ. Measure and label exch square with its side length 1b, Tabular Calculate and record in a table the ratios of corresponding sides for each pair of squares: ABCD and PQRS, FORS and WXYZ, and WXYZ and ABCD. Is each pair of squares similar? ¢. Verbal Make a conjecture about the similarity of all squares. H.0.T. Problems 51. CHALLENGE For what value(s) of x is BEFA ~ EDCB? A woe ‘52, REASONING Recall that an equivalece relation » is any relationship that satisfies the Reflexive, ‘Symmetric, and Transitive Properties. Is, similarity an equivalence relation? Explain. '53, OPEN ENDED Find a counterexample for the following statement. Alll rectangles are similar. 54. GSSREASONING Draw two regular pentagons of different sizes. Are the pentagons similar? ill any two regular polygons with the sare number of sides be similar? Explain IR eat ioe om pro dieciic icin ip ipwecn mo gee? Q 476 | Lesson 7-2 | Similar Polygons Bir iteris a) 56. ALGEBRA Ifthe arithmetic mean of 4x,3x,and 12 | $8. SHORT RESPONSE If ajar contains 25 dimes and is 18, then what is the value of x? 7 quarters, what is the probability that a coin AS ce selected from the jarat random will bea dime? BS D3 59, SAT/AGT If the side of a square is x +3, then 57. Two similar rectangles have a scale factor of 3: wintle the diagonal of Cie square ‘The perimeter of the large rectangle is 65 meters. Axs3 D wW3+3N3 ‘What is the perimeter of the small rectangle? Bax+3 E xV2+3v2 F29m Him Coes Gm J 59m Spi feno (60. COMPUTERS In a survey of 5000 households, 4200 had at least one computer. What the ratio of computers to households? (Les 7) i 61. PROOF Write a flow proof. Lesson 0-6) Given: Eand C are midpoints of AD and DB, g < AD = DB, 2A = zi. Prove: ABCE is an isosceles trapezoid. 4 'e ‘62. COORDINATE GEOMETRY Determine the coordinates of the intersection of the diagonals ‘of CJKLM with vertices (2,5), K(6,6), L, 0), and M(0, =1). (Lesson 6-2) State the assumption you would make to start an indirect proof of ‘each statement. (e509 54) 63. 1f3x > 12, then x > 4. 4. PQ=5T 65. The angle bisector of the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle is also an altitude of the triangle. 65, f rational number is any number that can be expressed as #, where a and b are integers and b # 0, then 6 is a rational number, Find the measures of each numbered angle, (Les 2) 7 mZ1 68 22 68. mes ALGEBRA Find x and the unknown side measures of each triangle. 7. x Thea Hg n ¢ ute 0 xan mre 8 rey . iF Similar Triangles rig © Yoused the AAS, © § Identity similar @ Julian wants to draw a similar version of his $85, and SAS tangles using the AA. skate c's ogo ona poster: He fist draws Congruence Similarity Postulote linea the bottom ofthe postr: New, he Theorems to prove and the SSS and SAS. uses. eto ofthe original tangle to copy triangles congruent. —‘Simiarty Theorems. the two bottom anges. Finally, he extends ass the noncommansifesf the to angles, tosove problems. Ss foomernen Cores f 1 Identify Similar Tangles. The example suggests that two triangles are similar if * {avo pairs of corresponding angles are congruent ‘Content Standarés GSRT4 Pro beocens tov anges Postulate 7.1, Angle-Angle (AA) Similarity ‘GSRTS Use conrmnce ndsimiay etna for {1 wo angles of one triangle are congruent o two A @ ‘warges toate pretions | | angles of ancher tangle, then the riangle ae simile. < anda prove restorsngen P Ps ‘geometic gues Example if ZA= ZF and 21 eF Mathematical Practices AE APE é 4 Model wit mathematics. 7 Look or and make use of site. Q@ 478 | Lesson 7-3 Determine whether the triangles are similar. If so, write a similarity statement. Explain your reasoning. a , OM, P BOR : 5 x c * Y ° a. Since mZL = mZM, ZL = £M. By the Triangle Sum Theorem, 57 + 48.+ mZK = 180, so mK = 75. Since mcP = 75, ZK = £P, So, ALK ~ AMQP by AASimilarity b. ZRSX = ZWST by the Vertical Angles Theorem. Since RX || TW, 2R = ZW. So, ORSX ~ AWST by AA Similarity, p GuidedPractice ‘StudyTip Corresponding Sides To -detomine which sides of ‘two angles comespond, begin by comparing the longest es, nen te next longest ie, and ish by comparing the shortest ies, You can use the AA Similarity Postulate to prove the following two theorems, Tangle Similarity ‘7.2 Side-Side-Side (SSS) Similarity I the corresponding side lengths of two ‘triangles are proportional, then the p ‘triangles are similar. / > a KL td Example t= 5 = ip ten Out ~ MPO, 7.3 Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Similarity a ifthe lengths of two sides of one tangle y ae proportional to the lengths of two i corresponding sides of another tangle a Tr and the included anges are congruent, then the triangles ae sma aS Example 15 = SF and 28 = ARST~ AX, then x You wll prove Theorem 7:3 in Exercise 25, GH FH Prove: AABC ~ AFGH Paragraph Proof: Locate J on FG so that JG = AB. Draw JK so that JK || FH. Label ZGJK as 21, Since G = ZG by the Reflexive Property and 21 = ZF by the Corresponding Angles Postulate, AGIK ~ GFA by the AA Similarity Postulate. by the definition of sina polygons 1S = AB. GK _ IK FG ~ GH > Fa AB. BC _ AC GK = BC ang AB = BE = AC, we can say that EX = BC AC. This means that GK = BC and JK = AC, so GK = BC and JR Since we are also given that 22 IK _ TH By S88, ABC = AJGK. By CPCIC, 2B = £Gand 2A = 21. Since £1 = ZF, ZA = ZF by the ‘Transitive Property, By AA Similarity, ABC ~ SFGH, Example 2 aps ‘StudyTip ‘Draw Diagrams Its helpful 10 redraw similar tiangles ‘0 that the corresponding side lengths have the same orientation, = You can decide what is sufficient to prove that two triangles are Determine whether the triangles are similar Ifs0, write a similarity statement. Explain your reasoning. ‘SR ~ 20 °° 5" Sr ~ 15 “723-125 or, S0, APQR ~ ASTRby the SSS Similarity Theorem @ Ba S ord, 2m ford and Basen 8 eS By the Reflexive Property, ZA = ZA. ABW 12g AE 8B og AB ~ TO+5 15% 38° Ac Ba TS £ ‘Since the lengths of the sides that include ZA x ‘are proportional, AEF ~ AACB by the SAS 8 Similarity Theorem. SE In the figure, ZADBis a right angle. Which of the following would not be sufficient to prove that A AD. BD A $D = cD C ZABD= GuidedPra 3. IfAJKL and AFGH are two triangles such that ¢J = ZF, which of the following would be sufficient to prove that the triangles are similar? F ALE ooo HAsAL jy ugh GH" 7H "iG ¥6 "GH IK" FG pie Use Similar Triangles Like the congruence of triangles, similarity of triangles is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. Theorem 7.4 Properties of Similarity Rellexive Property of Similarity SABC ~ AABC ‘Symmetric Property of Similarity If ABC ~ ADEF, then A DEF ~ ABC. ‘Transitive Property of Similarity It AABC~ ADEF, and ADEF ~ [Link], thon AABC~ AX¥Z You nll prove Theorem 7.4 in Exercise 26. (Ea ra sire Find BE and AD. Since BE || CD, ZABE = ZBCD, and ZAEB = ZEDC because they are corresponding angles. By ‘AA Similarity, ABE ~ AACD. Defiian of Similar Polygons AC=5,00=35, AB =3, BE =x ross Products Property BEis2.1 Definition of Similar Polygons AC=5,AB= 3,AD=y+3,AE=y Gross Products Property Distributive Property Subtract 3y rom each si. ADisy + 30°75. p> GuidedPractice Find each measure, 4K, QP and MP 48, WR and RT " s ra 4 Rn He : ws x#6 GuidedPractice 5, BUILDINGS Adam is standing next to the Palmetto Building in Columbia, South, Carolina, He is 6 feet tall and the length of his shaciow is 9 feet. If the length of the shadow of the building is 322.5 feet, how tall is the building? ‘ConceptSummary Triangle Similarity AA Similarity Postulate SS Simitarity Theorem SAS Similarity Theorem : : : “ oxy pee), ae a i a " Wea crane 20% 22 cam cxand Af = ‘then AABC~ 2Xx¥Z. then AABC~ AAXYZ, Q 4B2 | Lesson 7-3 | Similar Tiangles =o utions begin ae Getter) 1 If So, write a similarity statement. Explain your reasoning. Lx 2 A ow eg Y \ x - 8 € w F 3 v 4 J 8 & "i 3 wf \o 4 . q i a a @ Example 5, MULTIPLE CHOICE In the figure, AB intersects DE é s at point C, Which additional information would be enough to prove that AADC ~ ABEC? A. £DAC and ZECB are congruent. ¢ B ACand BC are congruent. F C ADand EB are parallel D ZCBE isa right angle. Example 4 GSSISTRUCTURE Identify the similar triangles. Find each measure. 6 KL 2. VS x Kk @ 4 k 5, Ibe | hh y * z L 4 Ce Example S 8, COMMUNICATION A cell phone tower casts a 100-foot shadow. At the same time, a 4-foot 6-inch post near the tower casts a shadow of 3 feet 4 inches. Find the height of the tower. eee be ear Ee Examples 1-8 Determine whether the triangles are similar. If so, write a similarity statement. If not, what would be sufficient to prove the triangles similar? Explain your reasoning. _ = .. sé : 2 ® 7 oe “2 us YY? Zz Oo f = Examples 1-3 Determine whether the triangles are similar. If s0, write a similarity statement. If not, what would be sufficient to prove the triangles similar? Explain your reasoning. 2 t 13. xu r / AW / \7 e 2 a] Y 3 Kk Y é y 15. GSSMODELING When we look at an object, it is projected on the retina through the pupil. The distances from the pupil to the top and bottom of the object are congruent and the distances from the pupil to the top and bottom of the image on the retina are congruent, Are the triangles formed between the object and the pupil and the object and the image similar? Explain your reasoning. ‘ |) rose ° 18. WZ, UZ . * 5 = ; ata 19. HJ, HK 20. DB. CB 21. GD, DH , A “ Pt ; “ v4 NS oor, AE, Aat Example § 22, STATUES Mei is standing next toa statue ip the park. If Me i 5 feet tall, her shaclow is 3 feet long, and the statue's shadow is 105 feet long, how tall isthe statue? 23, SPORTS When Alonzo, who is 5'11” tall, stands next to a basketball goal, his shadow is 2‘long, and the basketball goal’s shadow is 44” long, About how tall is the basketball goal? 24, FORESTRY A hypsometer, as shown, can ‘be used to estimate the height of a tree. Bartolo looks through the straw’ to the top Hyprometer of the tree and obtains the readings given, Find the height of the tree. raw 2 PROOF Write a two-column proof. 25, Theorem 73 28. Theorem 7.4 488 | ten | Sma ngs PROOF Write a two-column proof, 27. Given: AXYZ and AABC are right (28. Given: ABCD is a trapezoid. MYX , DP cP triangles; AX = 22, Prove: BF =< Prove: AYXZ ~ ABAC AA ’& 29. ame When Luss dad thew a bounce pas te hm, the anges formed bythe basketball's path were congruent. The bal landed 2 of the way between them before it bounced back up. If Luis's dad released the ball 40 inches above the loo, at what height did Luis catch the ball? COORDINATE GEOMETRY AXYZ and AWYV have vertices X(—1, -9), 145, 3), Z(-1, 0, WG, —5), and VG, 5). 30. Graph the triangles, and prove that AXYZ ~ AWYV. @ Find the ratio of the perimeters of the two triangles, 32, BILLIARDS When a ball is deflected off a smooth surface, the angles formed by the path are congruent. Booker hit the orange ball and it followed the path from A to Bt to Cas shown below. What was the total distance traveled by the ball from the time Booker hit it until it came to rest at the end of the table? 33. PROOF Use similar triangles to show that the slope of the line through any two points con that line is constant, That is, if points A, 6, A’ and B' are on line (, use similar triangles to show that the slope of the Line from A to B is equal to the slope of the Tine from A’to B. ‘34, CHANGING DIMENSIONS Assume that ABC ~ AJKL, ‘a. Ifthe lengths of the sides of AJKL are half the length of the sides of ABC, and the area of ABC is 40 square inches, what is the area of 4)KL? How is the area related to the scale factor of AABC to AJKL? bb. Ifthe lengths of the sides of AABC are three times the length of the sides of AJKL,, and the area of AABC is 63 square inches, what is the area of AJKL? How is the area related to the scale factor of ABC to AJL? @ HicoIcine Certain mestcal treatments involve laser beams tase ‘that contact and penetrate the skin, forming similar Source triangles. Refer to the diagram at the right. How far apart should the laser sources be placed to ensure that the areas treated by each source do not overlap? Sem skin & é © ‘36, lf MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this problem, you will ‘explore proportional parts of triangles. 190.) '@, Geometric Draw AABC with DE parallel to AC as shown at the right. 'b, Tabular Measure and record the lengths AD, DB,CD, AD ang CE and EB and the ratios 42 and CE ima table. - ‘¢. Verbal Make a conjecture about the segments created by a line parallel to one side of a triangle and intersecting the other two sides. oud ote ‘37, WRITING IN MATH Compare and contrast the AA Simil ‘Theorem, and the SAS similarity theorem. ty Postulate, the $$$ Similarity 38, CHALLENGE YWis an altitude of AXYZ. Find YW. x 90, GBSREASONING A pair of similar triangles has angle -measures of 50°, 85°, and 45°. The sides of one Aiangle measure 3, 325, and 4.23 units, and the sides of = the second triangle measure x ~ 0.46, x, and x + 1.81 units. ind the value of x. OPEN ENDED Draw a triangle that is similar to 8 ABC shown, Explain how you knows that it is similar wry sim 41, EP WAITING IN MATH How can you choose A (a anappropriate scale? Q BG | Lesson 7-3 | Similar Tiangles ‘Standardized Test Practice #2, PROBABILITY 44, ALGEBRA Which polynomial represents aan Cie wad the area of the shaded region? B 033 D 83x74 2r Fart 24 2 43, EXTENDED RESPONSE In the figuire below, Grete EB || DC. Herter Jt 45, SAT/AGT The volume ofa certain rectangular solid is 16x cubic units. If the dimensions of the solid are integers x, y, and z units, whatis the ‘greatest possible value of 2? @ Write a proportion that could be used to << a find x Bs E2 b. Find the value of xand the measure of AB. cs Rie evi List all pairs of congruent angles, and write a proportion that relates the corresponding sides for each pair of similar polygons. (\:s90" 7-7) 48, AJKL ~ ACDE 47, WXYZ ~ QRST 48. FGH] ~ MPQS k z f w J c 6 , y : . Q : € x ® Solve each proportion. (\os: 71) x22 202 12 90. 35-50 be BY a6 53, TANGRAMS A tangram set consists of seven pieces: a small square, twosmall congruent right triangles, two large congruent right triangles, a medium-sized right triangle, and a quadrilateral. How can you determine the shape of the quadrilateral? Explain. (Lesson 6-3) Determine which postulate can be used to prove that the triangles are congruent Ifitis not possible to prove congruence, write not possible. (min) “Se WG va Write a two-column proof, t € 57. Given: rl] 625 = £6 r Prove: £ || »t pea 487 (9) Geometry Lab Proofs of Perpendicular and Parallel Lines You have leaned that two straight ines that are nether hrzonta nor vertical are CES$Common Cre State Standards ‘perpendicular if and only ifthe product oftheir slopes is—1.n this activity, ou will Gigre’s Prove Spectr orparael ant use similar triangles to prove the fist half ofthis theorem: if two straight lines rena isa Pum se pera are perpendicular, then the product of their slopes is —1 acutae miei ‘jen rot Mathematical Practices 3 Poa Givens Slope of AC Qna coordinate plane, construct AC 4. CE’ and transversal BD parallel to the x-axis through C. Then construct right AAABC such that ACis the hypotenuse and right AEDC such that CF is the hypotenuse. The legs of both triangles should be parallel to the x-and y-axes, as shown, Find the slopes of AC and E Slope of AC Slope of CE m,= 8 Slope Formula Siope Formula = SAB oe AB ise = —[Link] = 06 nan = = bor Abe o Show that ABC ~ ACDE. Since ACB isa rght angle with right angle B, ZBAC is complementary to ACB. Itis given that AC 1 CE, so we know that AACE is a right angle. By construction, ZBCD is a straight angle. So, ZECD is complementary to ZACB. ince angles complementary to the same angle are congruent, 2BAC = ZECD. Since right angles are congruent, 2B = 2D. Therefore, by AA Similarity, Seg cea , K, ea Use the fact that AABC~ ACDE to shove that my AB DE AB and m, = BE mm, em AB)(BE), since two similar polygons have proportional sis, A = 2. therfore by substation. mm = (2) RE 488 | Extend 7-3 | Geometry Lab: Proofs of Perpendicular and Parallel Lines Model 1, PROOF Use the diagram from Activity 1 to prove the second half of the theorem. Given: Slope of CE'= m,, slope of AC = m,, and mm, = —1. AABC is a right triangle with right angle B. ACDE isa right triangle with right angle D. 2 CE LAC Prove ‘You can also use similar triangles to prove statements about parallel lines. Given: Slope of FG =m, slope of JR= mz, and m, = m,, AFHG is a right triangle with right angle H. AJLK is.a right triangle with right angle L. Prove: FG | 7K On a coordinate plane, construct FC and JR’, right AFHG, and right AJLK. Then draw horizontal transversal FL, as shown, Find the stopes of FG and TR. Slope of FE Slope of IK m=482 ——SapeFormua my = £8 Slope Formula cu jem = tonne GH gem ohn = HF -4 om Mn Ls Show that AFHG ~ AJLK, 6 Fi Its given that my = ma By substitution, f= KL, This ratio can verewritenas GH = ME since cHand ZLareightangles, 2H 21. p&p ty ySchy KL ‘Therefore, by SAS similarity, AFHG ~ AJLK. Use the fact that AFHG ~ AJLK to prove that FG || JR. ‘Corresponding angles in similar triangles are congruent, so ZGFH © ZKJL. From the definition of congruent angles, mZGFH = mZKIL (or ZGFH = ZKJL).By definition, ‘ZKJH and ZKJL forma linear pair. Since linear pairs are supplementary, mKJH + mZKJL.= 180. So, by substitution, mZKJH + mZGFH = 180. By definition, ZKJH and ZGFH are supplementary. Since ZKJH and ZGFH are supplementary ‘and are consecutive interior angles, FG || JK. Model 2. PROOF Use the diagram from Activity 2 to prove the following statement, Given: Slope of FG" = my, slope of JR’ = mz,and FC | TR. Prove: =m, item] 489 © You used proportions © § Use proportional pats @ Photographers have many techniques a their to solve problems between similar triangles. (>) NewVocabulary midsegment oa tangle Common Core 2) State Standards Content Standards GSRTA Prove thearems aboot trangles. GSRTS Use congruence ‘and simian ceri for triangles to sobve protiems ‘and to prove relationships in geometic figures. ‘Mathematical Practices 1 Make sense of problems. and persevere in sohing then. 3 Construct viable sequen and entique ‘the reasoning of oes. hd) 90 | tesson 7-4 Parallel Lines and Proportional Part rig within tring. disposal thal can be usd to a interest to 8 dhetzgrph. One sh technique the use of ear races vanishing pent perspective whic an image Lal vith paral ns, such as train acs, is photographed so that the Ines appear to converge ata pint onthe horizon. Proportional Parts Within Triangles When a triangle contains a line that is parallel to one ofits sides, the two triangles formed can be proved similar using the Angle-Angle Similarity Postulate. Since the triangles are similar, their sides are proportional ‘Theorem 7.5 Triangle Proportionality Theorem {a line Es parallel to one sie ofa triangle and eae Intersets the other two sides, then it divides the 4 ‘ides into segments of proportional lengths. Example tt 5E | ° You will prove Theorem 7.5 in Exercise 20. In APQR, ST || RQ. If PT=7.5, TQ =3, and SR = 25, find PS. Use the Triangle Proportionality Theorem. P PS _ BT a Bar renga Proportonaly Theorem RT ae Propertonality 7 a subsite . 0 R PS+3=(25\75) Cross Products Property 30S = 1875 tity. 3 Ps = 625 Divide each > GuidedPractice 1. IPS = 12.5, SR =5, and PT = 15, find TQ. s a = The converse of Theorem 75 is also true and can be proved using the proportional parts of a triangle. .6 Converse of Triangle Proportionality Theorem intersects two sides ofa triangle and separates the ‘sides into proportional corresponding segments, then the line is paral! tothe thie side of the triangle. AE — © on AC ED Example t= ©. then AC\) ED 8 ‘Math HistoryLink ‘You wll prove Theorem 7.6 in Exercise 31 Galileo Galli (1564-1642) Galileo was born in Pisa, ay He stud phitosophy, astronomy, and mathematics. Galileo made essential contributions toall three In ADEF, EH = HF dlpines Retro one-third the length of GF. Is DE | GI? © berese 9. lh Serce cn es Using the converse of the Triangle Proportionality é 7 J | Treorem,in order to show that DE GH we must De. EH show that 2G = HH J Find and simplify each ratio. Let DG = x Since DG is one-third of GF. GF = 3t 0.15 DE| GP ‘studyTip ) segment Tangle > Mi uaa is segment with A aes endpoints that are the midpoints of two sides of ' Wigley the triangle. Every triangle has three midsegments. 7 |) The midsegments of ABC are RP, PQ, RQ A special case of the Triangle Proportionality « ‘Theorem is the Triangle Midsegment Theorem. g 7 Triangle Midsegment Theorem 'A midsegment ofa tangle is parallel to onesie ofthe triangle, and its length is one half the length ofthat side. fxample it Jan Kare midpoint of FHand 7 : respective, then J Fand k= 26 ‘You wil prove Theorem 7,7 in Exercise 32. fC ‘StudyTip ‘Midsegment The Tangle ‘Midsegment Theorem is similar to the Trapezod Midsegment Theacer, wich sates thatthe midsegment ofa trapezoids paralel to the bases and its length is ‘one half the sum of the measures of the bases. (Lesson 6-6) ‘StudyTip ‘ther Proportions Two oer ropoctions canbe writen for ‘the example in Corollary 7.1. Ba ake = @ = aC" Fe Emme In the figure, XV and XZ are midsegments of ARST. Find each measure. a XZ ‘Tiangle Midsegment Theorem mERYX = mZYXZ Definition of congruence mZRYX = 124 Substitution P GuideaPractice Find each measure. 3A. DE Me, ° 3B. DB 36, mZFED z ¥ Proportional Parts with Parallel Lines Another special case of the Triangle Proportionality Theorem involves three or more parallel lines cut by two transversals. Notice that if transversals @ and b are extended, they form triangles with the parallel lines, Gorollary 7.1. Proportional Parts of Parallel Lines, {f three or moe parallel ines intersect two transversal, then they cutoff the transversals proportionally. a_i Example i AE | BF) 6, then = =F Substation ‘Simplify. b ST xv=Jsr ——_ianfenieogent Teen pT ‘Substitution Wesr utp each sie by2 © meRYX By the Triangle Midsegment Theorem, XZ |j RT. ERYX = ZYXZ—_Arnatelotsior Angles Theorem Real-Worldl ink Tomate atwo-dimensional rawing appear tees- ‘émensional an art provides several perceptual cues, + size tray tems look smaller + elanty- laser objects appear morein focus * deta- nearby ebects have testure while distant ‘ones are roughly outlined ‘Scere Mada Lancy ese) [ART Megan is drawing a hallway in one-point perspective. She uses the guidelines shown to draw two indows on the left wall If orotary 7:1 Subatite (ross Products Property Simpliy. Divide each side by 4 ‘The distance between W and X should be 4? or about 4.4 centimeters. CHECK ‘The ratio of DC to ZY is 9 to 3, which is about 10 to 5 of 2to 1 ‘The ratio of AB to WX is 8 to4.4 or about 8 to 4 oF 2 to Las well, 50 the answer is reasonable, ¥” p> GuideaPractice 4 REAL ESTATE Frontage is the measurement of a property's boundary that runs along the side ofa particular feature such as a street, lake, ocean, of river, Find the ocean frontage for Lot A to the nearest tenth of a yard. If the scale factor of the proportional segments is 1, they separate the transversals into congruent parts. Congruent Parts of Parallel Lines I tree or more parallel ins cutoff congruent segments on ‘one transversal, then they cutoff congruent segments on every transversal Example it AE | BF | CG, anc AB = BC, then EF = FG. ‘You wil prove Corollary 7.2 Exerese 29 «3 eed ALGEBRA Find x and y. Since JM | KP || TG and MP. then JK = RL by Corollary 7.2. IK= KL Definto of onguence ee Substitution Subtract 4x trom each sie. 2r=8 i865 to each side. xed Dive each site by 2. MP = PQ Definition of congruence By +8 = 5y—7 Substitution 8= 4-7 Sutract3y rom each side B= ‘A847 each site 75=y Dive each side by 2 GuidedPractice It is possible to separate a segment into two congruent parts by constructing the perpendlicular bisector of a segment. However, a segment cannot be separated into thurce congruent parts by constructing perpendicular bisectors. To do this, you must use parallel lines and Corollary 7.2. Construction Trisect a Segment ‘Draw a segment AB. Then use Corollary 7.2 to trisect AB. x e [BERD brew AG. Ten with tne compass | FEENEY Use the same compass seting | STEED construct nes trough Yand x at A mark of an are tat tomark of Yand Zsuch hat that are paral to ZB Label the intersects AC at X. AX = X¥ = ¥Z Then draw ZB. intersection points on ABas J and K. Cian enclar) ‘Example 1. IEXM=4, XN = 6,and NZ =9, find XY. 2. IEXN = 6 XM = 2, and XY = 10, find NZ. 3 In DABC, BC = 15, BE 4 In OJKL, JK = 15, /M DC=12,and AD _ LK =13,and PK=9. Determine whether DE || AB. Determine whether JL || MP. Justify your answer, Justify your answer, 2 1M K LZ . c JHis a midsegment of AKLM. Find the value of x. 6 5. t L y « aM ‘ ~—/ ‘Example 4 7, MAPS Refer to the map at the right. 3rd Avenue and Sth Avenue are parallel, If the distance from 3rd Avenue to City Mall along State Street is 3201 feet, find the distance between 5th Avenue and City Mall along Union Street. Round to the nearest tenth. ‘Example 5 ALGEBRA Find x and y. a », tyre Gri deou) ‘Example 1 10. If AB = 6, BC =4, and AE = 9, find ED. € @ 1648 = 12, Ac = 16, and ED = 5, find AE. 12. IFAC = 14, BC = 8, and AD = 21, find ED. 13, IFAD = 27, AB=8, and AE = 12, find BC, a o Example 2 Determine whether V¥ | ZW. Justify your answer. ‘M4. ZX = 18, ZV = 6, WX = 24, and YX = 16 w 8. VX = 75, ZX = 24, WY = 275, and WX = 40, 16. ZV =8,VX=2,and YX 4, WX =31, YX =21, and 2X =42V Zv , Example 3. JH, JP, and PH are midsegments of AKLM. Find the value of x. 18, « J ‘ @ « LS si EXE ” —— ak eT D a wv ” Example 4 22, @SSIMODELING In Charleston, South m7 ‘Carolina, Logan Street is parallel to both King Street and Smith Street between Beaufain Street and Queen Street, What is the distance from Smith to Logan along Beaufain? Round to the nearest foot King St. Queen st. 28. ART Tonisha drew the line of dancers shown below for her perspective project in art class. Each of the dancers is parallel. Find the lower distance between the first two dancers. Example § ALGEBRA Find x and y, 24, Bw Te @ 496 | Lesson 7-4 | Parallel Lines and Proportional Parts ALGEBRA Find x and y. 6. bes aad aenas\ f7-* (ESS ARGUMENTS Write a paragraph proof. 28, Corollary 7.1 28, Corollary 7.2 30. Theorem7.5 GSSARGUMENTS Write a two-column proof. 34. Theorem 7.6 32 Theorem 77 Refer to AORS. oes 38. IFST'=8,TR =4, and PT = 6, find QR. 34, If SP = 4, PT =6, and QR = 12, find SQ. ce @ rece and CA = 2 EB=t+1,CD=2, 0, find t and CE. , XW = 12, QW = 15, 38. IFLK=4, MP find RS and WV. K=2.R ML, QR, OK, and JH. T 4 5 J G & 1 ore, wf s a @ em 39. MATH HISTORY ‘The sector compass was a tool perfected by Galileo in the sixteenth century for measurement. To draw a segment two-fifths the length of a given segment, align the ends of the arms with the given segment. Then draw a segment at the 40 mark. Writea justification that explains why the sector compass works for proportional measurement. 3,PQ Determine the value of x so that BC | DF. < (+5, BD = 12, AC = 3x +1, and CF = 15 41. AC = 15, BD = 3x ~ 2, CF = 3x + 2, and AB = 12 o F 40. AB

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