Unit 3 Multimedia

Let’s think about it:

1. How can multimedia help make communication more engaging?
2. Image learning new content without the use of images, text or videos?
3. What makes multimedia elements in movies, advertisements, and games
appealing?

Introduction
Imagine you’re using an educational app on your
mobile phone to study. The app shows animated science
experiments, has voice explanations, practice quizzes,
and even video lectures by teachers from all over Nepal.
All these different types of media such as text, images,
audio, video, and animation, are integrated into one
Figure 3.1

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platform. This is a real-life example of multimedia, and the tools and technologies
used to create that app fall under multimedia technology.

There are many other apps that uses multimedia technology. Some of them are:

Duolingo - An app that uses voice, text, sound effects, and animation to teach
different languages

TikTok - Popular for its content that mixes video, filters, text, and music to create
short videos

YouTube - Online streaming platform that combines video, sound, thumbnails, and
live chat for learning and entertainment

Google Earth - It combines satellite images, text labels, and even 3D maps for
exploration.

Do you know?

More than 80% of online content traffic today is video, which

is one of the richest multimedia formats. (source [Link]
[Link]/video-marketing-statistics/)

The term multimedia is made up of 2 words “multi” and “media”. “Multi” refers to
many while “media” refers to different types of communication forms. Hence, the
term “multimedia” refers to different types of media.

The technology that uses these different types of media in order to create multimedia
content like movies, games, and websites is known as multimedia technology.

The different components of multimedia are as follows:

a. Text
b. Graphics
c. Audio
d. Video
e. Animation

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Applications of Multimedia
There are different uses or applications of multimedia and some of the major ones
are in the field of education, entertainment, business and communication.
a. Education - Learning contents such as e-books, online courses and
simulations utilise multimedia as they can create realistic and interactive
experiences among learners for better understanding.
b. Entertainment - Video games, movies, music and virtual reality, all use
multimedia. Due to this we have interactive experiences all around us and
have changed the way of entertainment.
c. Business - Advertisements that we see all around us are all the result of
multimedia that helps to capture audiences’ attentions. This in turn results in
effective marketing for businesses.
d. Communication - Video conferencing and social media that we use for
communication use multimedia contents. This in turn make it effective for
communication among our friends, family and colleagues.
e. Content creation - Social media platforms heavily rely on multimedia tools
to create engaging and visually appealing content. Multimedia elements
such as videos, graphics, animations, and sound effects help creators deliver
messages more effectively and creatively, attracting larger audiences and
boosting online presence.

Do you know?

The term “multimedia” was first used in 1966 to describe a

performance combining art, music, and technology.

3.1 Text
Text refers to the characters that we see on screen. It is also referred to as alpha
numeric values. Combination of such characters gives meaningful information
to the readers.

There are many types of text editors and some common ones that we use are
Notepad, WordPad and Microsoft Word.

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 Text is a part of multimedia as it can be presented in various ways. By using
multimedia software, text can be presented in different sizes, style or colour.

3.1.1 Text File Formats

a. TXT - TXT is a standard Text file format that only stores text contents.

b. RTF - It stands for Rich Text Format and it can store text content along with
text styles like colour, line spacing, size, indentation and so forth.

c. DOCX - It is the native document format of Microsoft Word and can store
text along with text styles just like RTF file format.

Do you know?

DOCX, introduced by Microsoft in 2007, is now the most widely

used word processing format!

3.2 Graphics
Graphics refers to the visual elements that we see on a screen. Graphics may
include different shapes in different colours through the combination of which
we get information visually. It also refers to the images or pictures that we see
on screen.
There are many types of graphics editors and some common ones that we use are
Pixlr X, Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator.
By using such applications, we can edit various shapes, add effects to them and
edit images as we like.

3.2.1 Raster and Vector Graphics

Graphics are stored in a standard digital format. Computer graphics can be

categorised by 2 types, Raster Graphics and Vector Graphics.

Raster Graphics

The Raster format of graphics is also known as Bitmap Graphics. These kinds
of computer graphics are made up of pixels.

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 A pixel stands for Picture Element and it is the smallest unit or elements of a
picture that is displayed on a screen.

Pixels refers to the collection of tiny square dots that make up an image. Here
each pixel has its own colour through the collection of which detailed pictures or
graphics are formed. Therefore the more number of pixels there are on an image,
the higher level of details it has.

Common Raster Graphics File Formats

There are many raster graphics file formats that are used, but the most common
ones among them are PNG, GIF, and JPG.

PNG - PNG stands for Portable Network Graphics. It is one of the commonly
used formats as it supports transparency for images and graphics.

GIF - GIF stands for Graphics Interchange Format. It is the only image format
that supports animations and that is why it is one of the commonly used
formats.

JPG - JPG also known as JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group. It
is the most commonly used format, as it can store high quality images with very
good compression, which results in a low file size.

Vector Graphics

Vector graphics format is a type of computer graphics that are made up of Bezier
curves. These curves are stored in the form of mathematical formulas.

Due to this very reason, the quality of the vector graphics remains the same no
matter what size it is in.

Common Vector Graphics File Formats

There are various vector graphics file formats, and the most commonly used one
is SVG.

SVG - SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics and is a graphics format that is
commonly supported by most applications.

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 PDF File format

PDF Stands for Portable Document Format and it is one of the versatile graphics
formats. PDF can contain both raster and vector graphics depending on how it
was saved and by which application it was saved.

This format is commonly used to share documents online, but it can also store
images and graphics.

3.2.3 Graphics Editing

In order to start editing Graphics, you can use Pixlr X. Pixlr X is a free online
tool that lets you edit photos and graphics easily. You can also download and use
an app version of it, named Pixlr AI Photo Editor, on your mobile phone. You
can crop, resize, rotate, adjust colors, add filters, and more. Pixlr X is a great
way to start learning about graphics editing.

Before starting to work in Pixlr X, you need to know that there are four main
areas of the application. They are, the Canvas area, tools panel, layers panel and
navigational tools [Link] will be using in order to create and edit projects.

Do you know?

GIF is the only image format that supports animations! That’s why
it’s commonly used for short looping animations on websites and
social media.

Figure 3.2 Pixlr X Interface

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 Canvas area: Workspace for viewing, editing images and graphics.
Tools panel: Offers various editing tools, functionalities.
Layers panel: Manages and organizes image, graphics and text layers.
Navigation tools: Area to access zoom, pan, rotate functions.
Creating a New Project
To start using Pixlr X first of all, you must create a new project.
For that you need to follow the following steps:

Step 1: Go to the Pixlr website ([Link]) and click on the Pixlr Express
or Pixlr Editor button.

Figure 3.3 Pixlr Homepage

Step 2: New page will open now where you have the option to open existing image
or create a new file.

Figure 3.4 New Project Page

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Step 3: Choose the option that suits your needs. For example, if you want to start
with a blank canvas, choose Create new. Then a dialogue box will appear.

Figure 3.5 Create New Dialogue Box

Step 4: You may choose canvas size from a set of pre-existing presets, or you can
enter your own width and height as well. For example, you can type in a name as
Class 10 Project in the name section and then enter the width as 1920 by 1080.

Step 5: Then you need to click on the create button on the bottom right-hand
corner.

Step 6: After that, your project will be created and you may start creating or editing
contents.

Figure 3.6 Pixlr X Interface

Working with Text

To start editing in Pixlr X, you can start by adding in text. To add and work with text,
you can follow these steps:

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Step 1: Once a new project is created in Pixlr X,
you can start adding and editing text.

Step 2: To add text, click on the “Text” tool on the

left side of the screen. It looks like a capital letter
“T”.

Figure 3.7 Text Tool

Step 3: Now click on “Add new text”. Then, a text box with sample text appears
in the canvas area.

Figure 3.8 Text Box

Step 4: Type your words in the text box. You can also copy and paste text from
another source.

Figure 3.9 Text Box

Step 5: To access font editing options, click on the

arrange button on the left-hand side when the text
is selected.

Figure 3.10 Arrange Tool

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Step 6: To change the font, font size, style, colour, alignment, or spacing of your
text, use the options on the left side of the screen.

Figure 3.11 Text Options

Step 7: To resize your text, use the handles on the edges of the text box. You can
also use the arrow keys on your keyboard when the text is selected or click and
drag to text to move the text.

Figure 3.12 Text Box

Step 8: To rotate the text, you can click and drag the circular dot on the top of the
text.

Figure 3.13 Text Box

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Step 9: To edit your text later, click on the text layer on the right of the screen. You
can also hide, lock, duplicate, or delete your text from there.

Figure 3.14 Layer Options

Working with Shapes

Another element that you can work with inside of Pixlr X are shapes. So, to add and
edit shapes in Pixlr X, you can follow the following steps:

Step 1: Click on the

“Arrange” tool on the left
sidebar.

Figure 3.15 Arrange Tool

Step 2: Now, you can see

three options that you need
to click on “Shape”.

Figure 3.16 Arrange Options

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Step 3: Now, a shape will
be inserted inside of the
canvas area and by default
it will be a square shape.

Figure 3.17 Shape

Step 4: You can choose the

shape you want to change
it to from the type section.
For example, you can
choose “Circle” as a shape.

Figure 3.18 Shape Option

Step 5: To edit the shape,

you can use the options
on the left sidebar. You
can change the fill colour,
outline colour and shadow
options of the shape.

Figure 3.19 Shape Option

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Step 6: You can adjust
the size and rotation by
dragging the small square
shaped dots on the corners
of the shape and using the
circular dot in the top to
rotate the shape.
Figure 3.20 Shape

Image Placement - Inserting and Editing

Working with Layers

To manage different elements in Pixlr X, Layers can be utilized. The steps to follow
for utilizing layers are as follows.

Step 1: You can access

the “Layers” section on
the right-hand side of the
application.

Figure 3.21 Layers Panel

Step 2: Create a new layer

by clicking the “+” icon.

Figure 3.22 Layers Panel

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Step 3: After that, “Add
Layer” dialogue box pops
up where you can select
different types of layers that
you want to add.
Figure 3.23 Add Layer Dialogue Box

Step 4: You need to click on the type of layer that you want to add. For example,
you can select a shape layer.

Step 5: You can click on the 3-dot button on a particular layer that you want to work
with and a layer dialogue box opens.

Figure 3.24 Layer Option

Step 6: In the layer dialogue box, you

can add a name as you like, Lock or
Hide Layer as well.

Figure 3.25 Layer Option

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Step 7: You can also adjust the transparency and blend mode of each layer by
clicking the three dots on the layer.

Figure 3.26 Layer Option

Step 8: To rearrange layers, you can click and drag the specific layers you like from
the layer’s panel.

Figure 3.27 Shapes

Inserting Image in Existing Project

You can also insert images in the existing Pixlr X Project. To insert an image in
existing project, you have to follow the following steps:

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Step 1: Click on the element icon in the bottom left hand corner.

Figure 3.28 Element Tool

Step 2: Then, click on Add Media that appears in the element options.

Figure 3.29 Element Option

Step 3: Navigate and select the image that you want to insert and click on open.

Figure 3.30 Explorer Window

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Step 4: And the image will be inserted in the existing project.

Figure 3.31 Pixlr X Interface

Using Cutout Tool

To further edit the graphics inside Pixlr X, you can use the Cutout tool. To utilize
Cutout tool, you can follow the following steps:
Step 1: Open an image in Pixlr X and click on the Cutout icon on the left side of
the screen.

Figure 3.32 Pixlr Interface

Step 2: Choose the Cutout from the options on the left-hand side.

Figure 3.33 Cutout Option

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Step 3: Choose the shape of the cutout according to your preference. And also
select the softness level to adjust the level of softness in edges.

Figure 3.34 Layout Option

Step 4: Click and drag your mouse over the object you want to cut out.

Figure 3.35 Image Cutout Figure 3.36 Image Cutout

Step 5: You can also use the Keep and Remove buttons to refine your selection. The
selected area will be then added or removed according to the choice.

Figure 3.37 Cutout Tool Figure 3.38 Image Cutout

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Step 6: You can also utilize the Draw cutout tool to add or remove portions of
image by freely drawing contents.

Figure 3.39 Cutout Tool Figure 3.40 Image Cutout

Step 7: You can also utilize the Lasso cutout tool to add or remove portions of the
image by freely drawing shapes.

Figure 3.41 Image Cutout Figure 3.42 Image Cutout

Exporting Project

Once the project is edited and ready to share it or to download it. You need to export
the project. To export the project, the following steps needs to be followed:

Step 1: Click on the Save button at the bottom right corner of the Pixlr X interface.

Figure 3.43 Save Button

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Step 2: This will open a pop-up window where you can choose the file name,
format, and quality of your image.

Figure 3.44 Save Window

Step 3: Choose the format that suits your needs. Pixlr X supports JPG, PNG, WEBP,
and PXZ formats.

Note: JPG is a common format for web and print, PNG supports transparency,
WEBP is a newer format that offers better compression, and PXZ is a layered Pixlr
image format that preserves your edits and layers for future use.

Step 4: Adjust the quality slider to balance the file size and image quality. Higher
quality means larger file size and sharper image, while lower quality means smaller
file size and more pixelation.

Figure 3.45 Quality Setting

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Step 5: Click on the Save As button to save your image to your device.

Figure 3.46 Save As Botton

Step 6: Then, an explorer window pops up where you can choose the location of the
file to be saved to and save the file.

Figure 3.47 Explorer Window

Activity 1.1
Activity Outcome:
● Able to create and edit graphics using image editing tools.
Required resources: Computers/laptops, Internet connection, Pixlr X or Adobe
Photoshop, sample images.
Procedure: Your teacher will guide you through the process of creating and
editing graphics. Follow the steps below:
1. Open an image in Pixlr X or Adobe Photoshop.
2. Work with layers to separate elements such as background and text.
3. Use selection tools to edit specific areas of the image.
4. Add shapes, insert text, and apply filters or effects as needed.
5. Export the edited graphic in PNG or JPG format.

Result: Each student will present their edited image. The teacher will provide
feedback and suggestions for improvement.

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3.3 Audio
Audio refers to sound in multimedia. It may refer to the different sounds like
music, voice, instruments or effects. These types of sounds are produced as a
result of vibrations and in a computer device, these sound vibration data is stored
as a digital file.

3.3.1 Audio Waveform

Sound changes over time; and to represent the change in sound, we use a graph
which is known as an audio waveform.

The forms consist of Amplitude and Wavelength.

Here, Amplitude represents the loudness of a sound; and in the graph, it is

represented by the height. And then, the Wavelength represents the nature of
vibration of sound over time; and in the graph, it is represented by width.

Figure 3.48 Audio Wave

Figure 3.49 Audio Wave Sample

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 The graph can be different as per the nature of the sound. And to store them
digitally, samples are collected in a certain time interval which is the digital
representation of a waveform. This digital representation is stored as a sound
file.

Common Audio File Formats

There are many audio files in use but the most common ones in use are MP3,
AAC, and WAV.

MP3 - MP3 stands for MPEG Audio Layer 3. It is the most commonly used
format for sharing audio files due to its effective compression capabilities.

AAC - AAC stands for Advanced Audio Coding. This is another commonly
used format for sharing audio files, which is an improvement over MP3 as ACC
uses more advanced compression [Link] to this reason it has better
compression capabilities compared to MP3 as well.

WAV - WAV stands for Waveform Audio File Format. It is an uncompressed

audio file format due to which the filesize of the WAV audio file is large.
However, the audio is stored exactly in the form as it is recorded.

Do you know?

MP3 revolutionised digital music by making audio files much

smaller without significant quality loss, enabling the rise of porta-
ble music players and streaming services!

3.3.3 Audio Editing

In order to start editing audio, you can use Audiomass. Audiomass is a free
online tool that lets you record and edit audio easily. You can also download and
use an app version of it, named Audio Mass Audio Editor DAW, on your mobile
phone. Using Audiomass is a great way to start editing audio.

Before starting to work in Audiomass, you need to know that there are three
main areas of the application. They are the Menu bar, Waveform display and
Control Panel that. You will be using in order to create and edit projects.

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 Figure 3.50 Audio Mass Interface

Menu Bar - Can be used to access various options such as file, edit, view,
effects, and help.
Waveform Display - Can be used to see the audio waveform and perform basic
editing operations such as cut, copy, paste, delete, and trim.
Control Panel - Can be used to play, pause, stop, record, and adjust the volume
of the audio.

Recording Audio
Before you can start editing audio.
You need to record audio. For that,
you need to follow these steps:
Step 1: Go to the Audiomass website
by visiting [Link]
using your web browser. Once the
website loads, you’ll see the audio
editing interface.
Step 2: Click on the Record button
on the control panel, or press the R
key on your keyboard.
Figure 3.51 New Recording Dialogue Box
Step 3: Now a New Recording
dialogue box will appear.
Step 4: In the devices section, make sure that the correct microphone is selected
for recording from the Devices section.

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 Figure 3.52 Microphone Option

Step 5: And then, to start recording, click on the “Start Recording” button.

Figure 3.53 Start Recording Button

Figure 3.54 New Recording Diagolue Box

Step 6: This will start recording audio.

Step 7: Now, to end the recording, click on the “Finish Recording” button.

Figure 3.55 Finish Recording Button

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 Step 8: Then, click on the “Open Recording” button to open the recording in
the waveform editor.

Figure 3.56 Open Recording Button

Figure 3.57 Audiomass Interface

Importing Audio

One of the ways to add an audio in Audiomass is by importing a pre-existing audio

file. To import audio files, you need to follow these steps:

Step 1: Click on the File button on the top left corner and select “Load from
Computer”.

Figure 3.58 File Menu

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Step 2: A file browser window will appear. Navigate to the folder where the audio
file is saved and select it. Then, click on the Open button.

Figure 3.59 Explorer Window

Step 3: Audiomass will import the audio file and display it as a waveform in the
editor window.

Figure 3.60 Audiomass Interface

Cutting Audio Waveform

Once audio has been recorded or imported in Audiomass, you may want to remove
the audio that is unnecessary. To do so, you need to cut the audio and following these
steps:

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Step 1: Select the part of the waveform that you want to cut by clicking and dragging
on it.

Figure 3.61 Audio Selection

Step 2: You will see a blue selection box around it.

Step 3: Click on the scissors icon on the toolbar to cut the selected part.

Figure 3.62 Tool Bar

Figure 3.63 Audiomass Interface

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Applying Effects

Once you have the audio portion that you need, you can make its sound interesting
by adding audio effects to it. To do so, you need to follow these steps:

Step 1: Select the portion of the audio that you want to apply the effect to.

Figure 3.64 Audio Selection

Step 2: You can do this by clicking

and dragging on the waveform.

Step 3: Click on the “Effects”

button on the menu bar. A list of
available effects will appear, such as
normalize, fade in, fade out, reverse,
pitch shift, and more.

Figure 3.65 Effects Menu

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Step 4: Choose the effect that you want to apply and adjust the parameters if
needed.

Step 5: For example, if you want to apply a reverb effect, you can adjust the time
decay and wet parameters and click on the Apply button to apply the effect.

Figure 3.66 Reverb Option

Figure 3.67 Reverb Dialogue Box

Step 6: Then, you can play the audio to hear how the applied effect sounds.

Figure 3.68 Audio Selection

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Exporting Audio

Once the audio is edited as required, you can export it in various formats as you like.
To do so, you can follow these steps.

Step 1: Click on the “File” button on the top left corner of the screen.

Figure 3.69 File Menu

Step 2: Click on the “Export/Download” option from the drop-down menu.

Figure 3.70 Export/Download Option

Step 3: Now a dialogue box will appear, where you can name the file, choose the
format of audio as mp3 or wav, choose its quality (bitrate) and audio channels.

Figure 3.71 Export Download Dialogue Box

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Step 4: Now, click on the “Export” button and the audio will be exported with
selected settings.

Figure 3.72 MP3 File

Activity 1.2

Activity Outcome:
● Able to create and edit audio using basic audio editing tools.

Required Resources:
Computers/laptops, headphones, microphones, audacity or AudioMass, sample
audio files.

Procedure:
Your teacher will assist you in using audio editing tools. Follow the steps below:

1. Record a new audio clip or import an existing audio file into Audacity or
AudioMass.

2. Cut unwanted sections and apply transitions or effects such as echo.

3. Adjust volume levels for consistency.

4. Export the final edited audio in MP3 or WAV format.

Result:
Students will share their audio clips with the class. The teacher will provide
feedback on editing quality and creativity.

3.4 Video
Video in multimedia refers to a collection of pictures known as frames that runs over
a certain unit of time to create the illusion of motion to the viewers. It also contains
an audio file that plays along with the frames.

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3.4.1 Frame Rate

The series of frames that runs or plays in a certain time interval is known as Frame
Rate which can be measured as frames per second (FPS). The amount of frames per
second determines whether a video is smooth or choppy. The higher the frame rate
the smoother the video and vice versa.

Some common frame rates that are in use are typically 24fps, 25fps, 50fps and
60fps.

3.4.2 Resolution

Pixels are the tiny squares that make up a digital image. Each pixel has a color and
all the pixels together form the picture. The more pixels an image has, the more
details it can show.

Resolution is the number of pixels in an image. It is usually expressed as width and

height in pixels, such as 720 × 480 or 1920x1080. Resolution affects the quality and
size of an image. A higher resolution means a clearer and larger image, but also a
bigger file size.

Common resolutions are standards that are used for different purposes, such as
displaying images on screens or printing them on paper. Some common resolutions
are:

SD (Standard Definition): 720 × 480 pixels. This is a low resolution that is used for
older TVs and DVDs. It can show basic colors and shapes, but not much detail.

HD (High Definition): 1280 × 720 pixels. This is a medium resolution that is used
for newer TVs and online videos. It can show more details and colors than SD, but
not as much as FHD.

FHD (Full High Definition): 1920 × 1080 pixels. This is a high resolution that is
used for newer TVs, monitors, and laptops. It can show a lot of details and colors,
and it is the most common resolution for HD videos and games.

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Activity 1.3

Activity Outcome:
- Able to identify and differentiate SD, HD, and FHD resolutions based on quality,
size, and usage.
Required Resources:
Computers/laptop and sample video clips in SD (720×480), HD (1280×720), and
FHD (1920×1080)
Procedure:
Your teacher will assist you in understanding video resolution through a
comparative activity. Follow the steps below:

1. Watch three sample videos shown in SD, HD, and FHD resolutions.
2. Observe carefully the sharpness, clarity, and level of detail in each resolution.
3. Complete the comparison table below based on your observations.
4. In groups or pairs, discuss the advantages and limitations of each resolution type.
5. Answer the reflection questions based on cases of real-life use and technical
understanding.
Comparison Table
Resolution Dimensions (W × H) Picture Quality File Size Common Usage
Examples
SD 720 × 480
HD 1280 × 720
FHD 1920 × 1080

Reflection Questions (Answer briefly):

1. Which resolution displayed the most visual clarity and details? Why?
2. If you were uploading a school project video online, which resolution would
you choose and why?
3. Which resolution is best suited for mobile viewing with limited internet data?
4. Why do movies and modern games prefer FHD or higher resolutions?
Result: Each student or group will submit the filled worksheet to the teacher.
The teacher will review, observation accuracy, explanation clarity and logical
reasoning in answers.
Students will gain practical understanding of video resolution and its impact on
multimedia quality.

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3.4.3 Video File Formats

Among the many video file formats in use, MP4, MOV and AVI are the most
commonly used video formats.

i. MP4 - MP4 stands for MPEG-4 Part 14. This is the most commonly used
video format due to its high level of compression capabilities

ii. MOV - MOV is an extension of QuickTime Movie file format. It is commonly

used to store videos which may be compressed or uncompressed as per the
requirement.

iii. AVI - AVI stands for Audio Video Interleave. This video format is also
commonly used to store videos which may be compressed or uncompressed as
per the requirement.

Do you know?

MP4 is the most widely used video format because it balances

high-quality visuals with efficient compression, making it ideal for
streaming platforms like YouTube and Netflix!

3.4.4 Video Editing

In order to start editing videos, you can use CapCut. You can also download and
use an app version of it, named CapCut - Video Editor, on your mobile phone.
CapCut is a free online tool that lets you edit videos easily. You can cut, arrange,
add transitions, add effects and more. CapCut is a great way to start learning about
video editing.

Before starting to work in CapCut, you need to know that there are four main areas
of the application. They are the Timeline Area, Tools Panel, Preview Area and
Export and Share Option that you will be using in order to create and edit projects.

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 Figure 3.73 Capcut Interface

Timeline Area: This area is where you arrange and edit your video clips, audio,
effects, and text.

Tools Panel: This is the editing tools section from which you can access videos,
audio, transitions, effects and other editing options.

Preview Area: This is where you can see the preview of the project being edited.

Export and Share Options: This is from where you can access options to export
the edited videos in different formats and share your videos with others.

Creating a New Project

Before you can start editing videos in CapCut, you need to create a new CapCut
Project. The steps to do so are as follows:

Step 1: Go to CapCut’s website ([Link]).

Step 2: From the Homepage click on “Create new video” button.

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 Figure 3.74 Create New Video Buton

Step 3: Now, the “Select aspect ratio” dialogue box pops up where you need
to choose an aspect ratio of your choice. For example, you can choose a standard
“16:9” Aspect Ratio.

Figure 3.75 Aspect Ratio Selection Window

Step 4: Then, a new project will be created. And you can see the main editing
interface.

Figure 3.76 Editing Interface

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Step 5: On the top left hand corner, you will be able to see “Untitled project”, you
can click on it and rename the project as you like to keep the name of the project.

Figure 3.77 Title Bar

Step 6: After that, the project will be renamed.

Importing Videos
Once you are in the editing interface, you need to import videos and other media that
you want to edit. For that, you can follow these steps:
Step 1: Click on “Media” on the left hand side of the interface and choose the
project.

Figure 3.78 Media Section

Step 2: After that, click on the Upload button and options for upload will pop up.

Figure 3.79 Upload Option

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Step 3: Now, in order to upload media files stored on your computer, click on
“From this device” and an explore window will appear.

Figure 3.80 Explorer Window

Step 4: Now, you need to choose the video or media files that you want to import
into the project and click on the “Open” button.
Step 5: After that, the videos or media files will be imported into the Project
[Link] where you can access them for editing.

Figure 3.81 Project Section

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Working in Timeline

Once the project has been set up. To start editing videos, you need to arrange the
videos or other media elements in the timeline. To do so, you have to follow these
steps:

Step 1: Click on the media or video file in the project section and it will be added
into the timeline.

Figure 3.82 Project Section

Figure 3.83 Editing Area

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Step 2: You can also alternatively click and drag the media or video file from the
project panel into the timeline.

Figure 3.84 Project Section

Figure 3.85 Timeline

Step 3: The videos will be arranged in the timeline as per the order that you place
them.

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 Figure 3.86 Editing Area

Step 4: To rearrange the order of the clips, tap and hold on a clip and drag it to a
new position on the timeline.

Figure 3.87 Timeline

Step 5: You can also zoom in or out of the timeline using the zoom slider.

Step 6: To work with the timeline cursor, tap on the play button in the preview
section or press the “SpaceBar” on your keyboard.

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 Figure 3.88 Editing Area

Step 7: The cursor will move along the timeline and show you the preview of your
video.

Step 8: You can pause or resume the playback with the same button.

Step 9: You can also drag the cursor to any position on the timeline to jump to that
point in the video.

Figure 3.89 Timeline

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Step 10: The current time of the cursor is displayed on the button left hand side of
the preview window.

Figure 3.90 Preview Area

Trimming and Cutting Videos

Step 1: To trim the video in the timeline, drag the handles at the beginning or end
of the video clip to adjust the duration.

Figure 3.91 Timeline

Step 2: To cut the video, move the play head to the position where you want to split
the video and click on the Split button.

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 Figure 3.92 Timeline

Figure 3.93 Timeline

Step 3: You can delete the unwanted parts of the video by selecting them and
clicking on the Delete button.

Figure 3.94 Timeline

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 Figure 3.95 Timeline

Adding Transition
Once you arrange and trim your video clips, you can add transitions in between
video clips where necessary. The process of adding transitions are as follows.
Step 1: To add transitions between video clips, click on the “Add Transition”
button that appears when you hover your mouse between two clips.

Figure 3.96 Transition

Step 2: Now, the Transition Menu will appear on the left side that displays various
available transitions.

Figure 3.97 Transition Option

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Step 3: Browse through them or use the search bar to find a specific transition.

Step 4: Click on the desired transition to apply it.

Step 5: You can also adjust the duration of the transition by dragging the edges of
the slider.

Figure 3.98 Transition

Step 6: Repeat the steps for adding more transitions between other clips.

Adding Effects

To make the video clips look interesting, various video effects can be added as well.
The process of adding video effects are as follows:

Step 1: Click on the “Effects” button at the left panel to open the effects menu.

Figure 3.99 Effects Option

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Step 2: This menu will show you different categories of effects.

Step 3: You can browse through them to find a specific effect.

Step 4: Make sure that the timeline cursor is in the starting position of where the
effect is to be applied from.

Figure 3.100 Timeline

Step 5: Now, click on the desired effect to apply it.

Figure 3.101 Effects

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Step 6: To get the specific effect option, you can double click on the Effects applied
on the timeline.

Figure 3.102 Effect Option

Step 7: Now, adjust the properties of the effects to change its behaviour.

Step 8: Repeat the steps for adding more effects to other clips.

Adding Text

You can add different elements such as Text in video projects. The steps to add text
in CapCut video projects are as follows:

Step 1: Click on the Text icon on the left side of the interface.

Figure 3.103 Text Tool

Step 2: From here, you can choose to add basic text or choose a text template.

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 Figure 3.104 Text Option

Step 3: For example, you can click on “Add heading” and a text box will appear
on the video preview.

Figure 3.105 Text Box

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Step 4: Here, you can double click on the text box and type in whatever you want.

Figure 3.106 Text Option

Step 5: Once you do that, you can also change the text properties as you like from
the Properties window that appears.

Step 6: To change the text duration, you can drag the edges of the text clip to adjust
its start and end time.

Figure 3.107 Timeline

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Exporting Project

After the editing process is over, you can export the video in required format. The
process to do so is as follows:

Step 1: Make sure that the project that you want to export is open in CapCut.

Step 2: Click on the Export button at the top right hand side of the screen.

Figure 3.108 Export Option

Step 3: Now, a window opens in which you should click on the “Download” Button.

Figure 3.109 Download Option

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Step 4: Select the quality, resolution and framerate for the video and click on the
export button.

Figure 3.110 Export Settings

Step 5: Once the process of export is over, you will see the Download button. Click
on it to download the video to your computer.

Figure 3.111 Download Option

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Activity 1.4

Activity Outcome:
● Able to create and edit video using basic video editing tools.

Required Resources:
Computers/laptops, Clipchamp or CapCut, sample video clips, headphones.
Procedure:
Your teacher will guide you in editing a short video. Follow the steps below:
1. Import video clips into Clipchamp or CapCut and arrange them on the
timeline.
2. Trim unnecessary sections and add transitions between clips.
3. Insert text overlays and apply filters or effects to enhance the video.
4. Export the final video in MP4 format for sharing.

Result:
Each group or individual will present their video. Teachers will give feedback
focusing on creativity, flow, and technical quality.

3.5 Concept of Animation

Animation refers to movements of pictures or graphics. In multimedia, animation
refers to computer generated movements. Such animations can be used for
creating cartoons, advertisements, movies and video games, etc.
Psychology plays a vital role in animation as well, in animation it means using
ideas about how people think and feel to make animations more interesting. For
example, using bright colours and moving objects can grab the viewer’s attention
quickly which is especially used in cartoons to capture children’s attention and
exactly the reason for why they are drawn into it.
Another example is funny or emotional faces on animated characters that help
people connect with the story. Smooth and well-timed movements also make
animations more enjoyable to watch. By understanding what attracts people’s
attention, animators can create animations that are more fun, exciting, and easier
to understand.
Animation can be majorly divided into 2 types, 2D Animation and 3D Animation.

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 3.5.1 2D Animation Concept
2D animations are flat in nature as they are made in two dimensions. It means
they have width and height only. 2D animation is usually drawn frame by frame
in an animation software while making it.

3.5.2 3D Animation Concept

3D animations have perspective in them as they are made with three dimensions.
It means they have width, height and depth. 3D animation is usually modelled,
rigged and then movements are added in them.

Activity 1.5

Activity Outcome:
● Able to identify and classify multimedia components such as text, graph-
ics, audio, video, and animation.

Required Resources:
Multimedia presentation or website, notebooks or worksheets.

Procedure:
Your teacher will show you a multimedia presentation or a website. Follow
the steps below:

1. Observe the content carefully and identify the multimedia compo-

nents used like Text, Graphics, Audio, Video, and Animation.
2. Note down examples of each component present in the content.
3. Participate in a class discussion on how these components enhance
the overall quality and engagement of the presentation.

Result:
Class discussion led by the teacher with student reflections and feedback on
how multimedia elements contribute to effective communication.

Do you know?

The first 3D animated feature film was Pixar’s “Toy Story,” re-
leased in 1995.

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 Exercise
1. Write the full forms of the following abbreviations.
i) RTF ii) PNG iii) GIF
iv) JPG v) SVG vi) PDF
vii) MP3 viii) AAC ix) MP4
x) AVI

2. Choose the correct answer.

i. What does the term “Multimedia” refer to?

a. Single type of media

b. Many types of media
c. A specific type of technology
d. Media manipulation

ii. Which is a drawback of multimedia according to the provided

content?
a. Costly and inaccessible hardware/software
b. Capturing audience attention effectively
c. Enhancing personal communication
d. Creating immersive experiences

iii. Which of the following is a standard text file format that only stores
text contents?
a. RTF c. DOCX
b. TXT d. PDF

iv. Which term is used to describe characters that we see on the screen
and is also known as alpha-numeric values?
a. Multimedia c. Text
b. Notepad d. RTF

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 v. What type of computer graphics is made up of bezier curves and
maintains quality regardless of its size?
a. Raster Graphics c. PDF
b. Vector Graphics d. GIF

vi. Which file format is commonly used for sharing documents online
and can contain both raster and vector graphics?
a. JPG c. SVG
b. PDF d. GIF

vii. What does Amplitude represent in an audio waveform graph?

a. Sound wavelength c. Sound loudness
b. Sound compression d. Sound file format

viii. Which audio file format is known for its effective compression
capabilities and is commonly used for sharing audio files?
a. WAV c. MP3
b. AAC d. FLAC

ix. What does Resolution in video refer to?

a. The number of frames per second
b. The amount of audio compression in a video
c. The number of pixels in an image, expressed as width and height
d. The series of frames played in a video

x. Which video format is commonly used for storing videos with high
compression capabilities?
a. AVI c. MOV
b. MP4 d. MKV

xi. In 3D animation, what are the three dimensions that contribute to

the perspective of the animations?
a. Width, height, and depth
b. Width, length, and size
c. Height, ruler, and breadth
d. Length and width

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 xii. What is the primary characteristic of 2D animations mentioned in the
content?
a. They are modeled and rigged.
b. They are created with three dimensions.
c. They have width, height, and depth.
d. They are drawn frame by frame in animation software.

3. Write short notes on:

a. Components of multimedia
b. Rich Text Format
c. Audio Waveform
d. Video Resolution and Framerate
e. Raster and Vector Graphics
f. 2D and 3D Animation

4. Answer the following questions.

a) What are the five main components of multimedia?
b) Define the term ‘raster graphics’.
c) Name three common raster image file formats.
d) Explain the difference between raster and vector graphics.
e) Why is multimedia important in education and business?
f) How does a DOCX file differ from a TXT file?
g) If you have to create a greeting card, which multimedia components will
you use, and why?
h) Suggest an appropriate image format for a transparent company logo and
explain the reason for it.
i) Which type of graphic, raster or vector, would you use for designing a
billboard? Justify your answer.

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 j) Compare the use of multimedia in platforms, YouTube and Google Earth.
Explain the similarities and differences you can identify.
k) Draw a simple multimedia learning app interface and list which multimedia
elements you would include with reason.
l) Evaluate the impact of video content in comparison to other media forms
(e.g., text or audio) in digital communication.

5. Activities
1. Prepare a presentation file on “Importance of Multimedia and its Uses”
and present it to your class as a group work.
2. Collect the names, logo, application areas, file extensions and other
related information of different graphics, audio and video software and
draw in a sheet of chart paper.

6. Project Work
Create and present a multimedia file using graphic, audio, or video editing
Tools

Objective:

To demonstrate students’ understanding of multimedia creation by producing a

graphic or video presentation. This project encourages creativity while teaching
practical skills in media editing and presentation.

Project Structure:

You will choose one type of multimedia project and complete the following steps:

1. Graphic project:
a. Create a 3 promotional image or poster using graphic design tools.
b. Save the final images in .png or .jpg format.

2. Video project:

a. Create a video presentation using video editing software.

b. Export the video in .mp4 format.

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Steps to Complete the Project:

1. Choose a project type

Select one from the following:
● 3 Promotional images (Graphic)
● Video presentation

2. Plan your content

● Define the main message you want to share.
● Identify your target audience.
● Sketch or write a basic script/storyboard for your content.

3. Edit and refine

● Use appropriate tools to create and enhance your project.

○ Graphic tools: Pixlr X, Adobe Photoshop, etc.
○ Video tools: CapCut, Clipchamp, etc.

● Make sure the final product is clear, creative, and engaging.

4. Finalize and export

● Review and polish your work.
● Export the project in the correct format:
○ .png /.jpg for image
○ .mp4 for video

5. Presentation

● Present your multimedia project to the class.

● Explain:
○ Tools you used
○ Techniques you applied
○ Message behind your project

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