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CONTACT
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SUBJECT

 FUNDAMENTAL
 DOS/WINDOWS
 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION
WHAT IS COMPUTER:-
Computer is an advance electronic device. This is taken the data from
user then by processing. It finally give’s the result in few second that is called
computer.
WHAT IS DATA:-
Data is known as Raw material. Which we can entry in to System that
is called data
There are three types of data
(i) Textual data
(ii) Graphical data
(iii) Sound data

Which is the Father of Modern Digital Computer:-

Charles Babbage a Nineteen Century Professor of Cambridge University is
considered to be the Father’s of Modern Digital Computer.

Major of computer
There are tow components of computer
(i) Hardware (ii) Software
Hardware:-
It is a general term that the physical part of a computer and all
machinery part of a computer is called as Hardware.
Such as:- Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, CPU, Micro Processor etc.
Software:-
Software is defined the storage program of our system. Which is give the
instruction to operation the system
There are two types of software
1. System Software
2. Application Software
3. Utility software
1. System Software / Operating System ( OS)
It is the primary software of the computer. Which is allow to design to
operate, control and exiting the system.
Ex :- MS Dos , MS Window, linex, vista ,Mac , Unix etc
2. Application software :-
It is storage program of our system. Which is allow to work in specific
task .
Such as: - MS office (word, excel, power point) tally, VB etc

3. Utility Software :-
It is an also storage program of our system. Which is give the protection of
our pc
For Exam- Anti Virus
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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION

DEVICE OF COMPUTER

1. Input device
2. Output device
3. Processing Device
4. Storage Device
1. INPUT DEVICE
In which device helps to input the data to the computer that is called
input device
For Exp :- Mouse , Key Board , Scanner , Light Pen, Joystick , Style Pen,
Bar- Code Reader, Card –Reader, Camera, Touch Screen, Omr Device, Micro
Phone, Etc

MOUSE
Mouse in an input device by using the mouse input the data to the computer
and it is a pointing input device.
There are three bottom
1. left Bottom
2. Right Bottom
3. Scroll Bottom
Basically three types of mouse
1. General Mouse
2. Scroll Mouse
3. Optical Mouse
General Mouse
 It has one left bottom and one right bottom is present
 The track ball is control the pointer
 The left bottom is used to commanding and right bottom is
give the instruction
Scroll Mouse
 It has one left bottom , one right bottom with one scroll
bottom is present
 The track ball is control the pointer
 The scroll bottom is used scrolling the page top to down

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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION
 The left bottom and right bottom is used to commanding and
instruction respect
Optical Mouse
 The optic mouse is like as scroll mouse
 The only different the scroll mouse pointer move by track ball
but optical mouse pointer move by optic of light

The optical Mouse farther divided Three types

1. PS2
2. USB Mouse ( Universal Serial Boss )
3. Bluetooth Mouse / wireless mouse

Key Board
Key board is input device by using the key board input the textual data to
the computer

Types of Keyboard:-
(i) General Keyboard. (ii) Window Keyboard. (iii) Multimedia
Keyboard.
General Keyboard:-
Except window key and text key are not situated but other keys are
were & this key board keys number is 101 keys are present in this
keyboard.
Window Keyboard:-
Window keys are installed. Window keys number is 104
keys are present in this keyboard.
Multimedia Keyboard:-
Normally this keyboard having no fixed but key
according to their used keys number can very.
How to function of the keyboard character:-
F1-f12:-
This key are named as function keys with the helps of this key we
can do the special operation for the specified package separately.
0-9:-
This keys are named as numeric keys this keys means mathematical
symbol are there in numerical keys.
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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION
A-Z:-
This keys are named as alphabetical keys there are two types. Ones
capital letter and other is small letter.
Back Space:-
It remove the left character of the sentence or word of the cursor point
Delete Key:-
It remove the right character of the sentence or word of the cursor
point.
Enter Key:-
It help to bring the cursor point to the starting point of the next time.
If there is any character present at the right point then we press enter keys.
The entire right character of the point will be come to the next line.
Space Bar:-
It’s the largest key of the key board during the period of typing
purpose we create a single space in between two character or word will
help of the key.
Caps Lock:-
We press the lock key the caps lock light grow up at it’s a position. It
will type any alphabets characters. That will type any as capital letters and its
off position it will type any alphabet characters that will type as small letters.
Shift Key:-
(i) With the help of shift key for the double characters the upper
character will be come.
(ii) With out help of shift key for the double character the lower
character will be come.
Double Character:-
Double character keys no.21 at present on the key board.
Tab Key:-
Which duration is(1.27cm) during the period of the typing we can
characters a large space in between two characters by this keys are use.
End Key:-
During the period of typing the move of the end cursor of that time
we can use the end key.
Home Key:-
During the period of typing we can using the home key to take the
cursor to starting point.
Arrow Key:-
Right arrow:- To move the cursor point on right direction
Left arrow:- To move the cursor point on left direction
Up arrow:- To move the cursor point on up direction
Down arrow:-To move the cursor point on down direction
N.B:- During the period of the moving cursor there is no change in other
characters.
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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION
Window Key:-
To activate the start menu and to go to program this key will help full
for operations.
sPage up Key:-
If we will press the page in typing purpose. It means the cursor in up
word direction
Page down Key:-
Page down key just opposite of page up key in both case every thing
remain unchanged.
Numluck Key:-
At its on position. It helps to keep the numbers under the double
character keys at its off position the other function given in the double
character keys. Under numluck system are able to function.

Scanner:-

It is also input device of the computer by using this device input the
graphical data to the computer like image data and photo copy data.

There are three types of Scanner

1. Hand Held Scanner
2. Flat Bed scanner
3. Drum Scanner

Out put device

In which device helps to out put the data form the computer that is
called out put device
or
Equipments that gives the result of processed input either by displaying or
in printing form are called output device.
Output devices on the basics of their presentation of result can be
classified as.
Soft copy:-
Soft copy devices are used to display the result/output on the
screen
e.g- Monitor and speakers.
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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION
Hard copy:-
The hard copy devices that gives the result/output in printed form
e.g- Printer and plotter.

For exp: - Monitor, Printer, Speakers, head phone & projector etc

Monitor:-
It is like as a Television. This device helps to out put the data form the
computer through display on the screen way so is a short copy out put
device .It is also known as visual display unit abbreviated as V.D.U
monitors can work in two different modes. e.g.- Text-mode and
Graphical-mode.
There are Three type of monitor
CRT MONITOR ( cathode Ray tube)
LCD mode ( Liquid Cristal Display )
LED mode (Light Emitting Diode )
3D MONITOR

Speakers:-
It is also a soft copy output device of the computer. This device out
put the audio sound data form the computer

Printer:-
It is the hard copy output device. This device helps to out put the date
form the computer through paper and ink way that is called print out

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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION

Some types of printer:-

(i) Impact printer
(ii) Non-Impact Printer
(iii) Plotter Printer

1. Impact Printer
This types of printer strikes paper and ribbon together to from a
character like a type writer. Impact printer can print a character or an
entire line at a time. They uses pins or hummers that pressed an
inked ribbon against to paper. Thy are less expensive test and c an
make multiple copies with multipart paper
There are three types of impact printer
1. Dot matrix
2. Line printer
3. Drum Printer
2. Non-Impact Printer
A Non-Impact Printer use electrostatic chemicals and ink-jet
technology. They do not hit a ribbon to print. It can produce high
quality Graphics and often a wide verity of fonts than impact printer

There are three types of Non-Impact Printer

1. Inkjet Printer
2. Laser Printer
3. Thermal Printer
3. Plotter

Processing Device

In which device helps to process the data In the computer that is called
processing device. CPU is a processing device ( Central Processing Unit )
the CPU, the Processor or Mirco Processor are same called , the processor
the heart of CPT ( System Box ) or CPU is the brain of Computer.

CU

IN PUT ALU OUT PUT

MU
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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION

Major of CPU
1. CU ( Control Unit )
2. ALU ( Arithmetical and logical Unit )
3. MU ( Memory Unit )

1. CU ( Control Unit )
This unit is control the all internal function of the system . and input
or out put unit
2. ALU ( Arithmetical and logical unit )
ALU is the place where are actual the data processing. Calculation
and compression made in this unit. This unit take the data from
memory unit and take the instruction from control unit
3. MU ( Memory Unit )
Memory is basically storage place where are all the input data and
result ready for out put store in this unit

Memory
Memory is the most important part of the computer. In which device store
the data in long time that is called memory. It is the essential Part of the
computer. Because with out memory the computer can not run
Memory are divided into two types:-
(i) Primary Memory. (ii) Secondary Memory.
1. Primary Memory
It is called main memory or internal memory of the computer because
with out primary memory the system can run.

The Primary memory further divided into two types

a) ROM ( Read Only Memory )
b) RAM ( Random Access Memory )

a) ROM ( Read Only Memory )

It is chip where the data can be only read
the new data and information can not add
or can not remove and modify the data in
this memory
b) RAM ( Random Access Memory )
It is chip where the data can be modifying
at any time. It is a temporary memory of
the computer because the data can’t store
permanently . when the power switch off

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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION
all the data losses so it is called volatile
memory.
1. Secondary Memory
It is a called external memory of the computer because they have used
to out of system. It is permanent memory of the computer where the
data can be store permanently. If the remove this memory running
time of system they have No effect to the Processor

Different types of secondary memory available on the market

A) Floppy Disk Driver ( FDD)
B) Hard Disk Driver (HDD)
C) CD Disk
A) Floppy Disk Driver
It is made of the then plastic coted with
magnetic were. It is store that data magnetic
process The capacity of floppy disk is very
low so it can hold very small capacity of
data. Upto 1.44 MB ( 3.5”) It is used to
Transfer the data one computer to another
computer.
B) Hard Disk Driver
It is an also cover in both side plastic coted with
magnetic were. The capacity of hard disk is very
high so it can hold very large Capacity of data.
The capacity of hard disk 10 GB to 1 TB and
higher.

C ) CD Disk / Optic Disk ( Compact Disk )

CD – ROM is a high capacity store device up to
600 mb. It is an also plastic disk with magnetic
disk. The CD –Rom is used Transfer and backup
data. The capacity of CD disk is very high so it
can hold large Capacity of data
DVD= Digital Video Disk ( 4.7 GB)
Measurement Of Memory

8 bit = 1 bytes
1024 bytes = 1 kilo bytes (K.B)
1024 Kilo bytes = 1 Mega bytes (M.B)
1024 Mega bytes = 1 Gega bytes
1024 Gega Bytes = 1 Teera Bytes ( TB)

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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION

Classification of Computer

1. Digital Computer
2. Analog computer
3. Hybrid computer
1. Digital Computer
In which computer accept the data in digit way
and give as answer in digit way that is called
digital computer. These computer used in
educational proposes
2. Analog computer
In which computer accept the data in to physical
and give as answer in graphic way that is called
analog computer. These computer used in
medical proposes
3. Hybrid computer
It is the best quality of both digital and analog
computer . and high cost computer . these
computer accept the data in digit way but give as
answer in both digit and graphic way. These
computer used in scientific and engineering
proposes

The Mother Board

The motherboard is the main circuit board in the

computer. It is biggest circuit board found inside
the computer. Its main functions is to allow the
central processing unit (CPU) the “brain” of the
computer to communication with other
components. A motherboard is a flat piece of circuit
board usually of green or gold color. The
motherboard has sockets to connects various
components like keyboard, mouse, disk drives, PC
cards etc

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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION

GENERATION OF COMPUTER :-

1ST GENERATION ( 1942- 1955)

The most popular computer of this generation was ENIAC . The Full
Form of ENAIC ( Electronic Numerical integration and Calculator ) it was
develop by Prof J. Prespor Eckert & Jhonw. Mauchly . it was face face
various problem which was can not control the CPU ( central processing
unit )
2nd GENERATION ( 1955-1964)
In this step of computer transistor were used smple capacity were
added to machine language. Computer of secondary generation used
transistor in CPU and magnetic core for memory . they used magnetic type
and disk for external storage and wing programming language
3rd GENERATION
This generation of computer developed in 1964 , 1975 in this
generation the transistor were improvement to this computer used ( I.C )
integrated circuet which is damage the computer sensitive internal part to
solve this problem
4th GENERATION
The fourth generation of computer was development of micro
computer which have LSI ( Large Scale Integration ) technology . which is
lid to the development of vary small and development
5th GENERATION
This computer held n to days modern computer . t is very little
computer . it is storage more amount of data

Types of Computer
1. Supper Computer
2. Mainframe Computer
3. Mini Computer
4. Micro Computer

Supercomputer
The most powerful computers in terms of performance and
data processing are the Supercomputers. These are specialized
and task specific computers used by large organizations.
These computers are used for research and exploration
purposes, like NASA uses supercomputers for launching space
shuttles, controlling them and for space exploration purpose.
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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION

The supercomputers are very expensive and very large in size.

It can be accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms; some
super computers can span an entire building.

See Also: Top ten Supercomputers with HD pictures

Seymour Cray designed the first Supercomputer "CDC 6600" in

1964. CDC 6600 is known as the first ever Supercomputer.

Mainframe computer
Although Mainframes are not as
powerful as supercomputers, but
certainly they are quite expensive
nonetheless, and many large firms &
government organizations uses
Mainframes to run their business
operations. The Mainframe
computers can be accommodated in
large air-conditioned rooms because
of its size. Super-computers are the
fastest computers with large data

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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION
storage capacity, Mainframes can also
process &

store large amount of data. Banks educational institutions &

insurance companies use mainframe computers to store data
about their customers, students & insurance policy holders.

Popular Mainframe computers

 Fujitsu’s ICL VME
 Hitachi’s Z800

Minicomputer
Minicomputers are used by small
businesses & firms. Minicomputers are
also called as “Midrange Computers”.
These are small machines and can be
accommodated on a disk with not as
processing and data storage capabilities
as super-computers & Mainframes.

These computers are not designed for a single user. Individual

departments of a large company or organizations use Mini-
computers for specific purposes. For example, a production
department can use Mini-computers for monitoring certain
production process.

Popular Minicomputers

 K-202
 Texas Instrument TI-990
 SDS-92
 IBM Midrange computers

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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION

Microcomputer
Desktop computers, laptops,
personal digital assistant (PDA),
tablets & smartphones are all types
of microcomputers. The micro-
computers are widely used & the
fastest growing computers. These
computers are the cheapest among
the other three types of computers.

The Micro-computers are specially designed for general usage

like entertainment, education and work purposes. Well known
manufacturers of Micro-computer are Dell, Apple, Samsung,
Sony & Toshiba.

Desktop computers, Gaming consoles, Sound & Navigation

system of a car, Netbooks, Notebooks, PDA’s, Tablet PC’s,
Smartphones, Calculators are all type of Microcomputers.

You might also like:

Dos
(Disk operating system)

Dos is disk operating system which is developed by IBM company named

as PC dos . then after It was taken by Micro Soft company named as MS
dos
This operating system does not support in network environment so It is a
most popular Single user operating system in the world. It has does not
support in Graphical so it is a character user interface operating system in
the world ( CUI )

What is OS
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Operating system is a software program that allow communication
interface between user and hardware.

There are three types of operating system

1. Single user single task
2. Single user multi task
3. Multi user multi task

What is command:-
It is a set of instruction and direction through which we can
communication with the computer.

It is a command operating program

So they have two types of command
1. internal Command
2. External Command
1. internal command
CLS , DATE , TIME, VER, VOL , EXIT , COPY_CON, TYPE , REN .
DEL ,

CLS
Syntax – CLS enter
Propose :- this command used to clear the screen

Date
Syntax – date enter
Propose :- this command used to display the current system date

Time
Syntax – Time enter
Propose :- This command used to display the current system time
Version
Syntax – ver enter
Propose :- This command used to display the system version
Volume
Syntax – vol enter
Propose :- this command used to display the system volume

Exit
Syntax – Exit enter
Propose:- this command used to quite the program
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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION

How to create a file

Syntax – copy_con_file name enter
Propose :- this command used to create a file

How to save the file

Press F6 / Ctrl +Z enter
Propose :- this command used to save the file

How to open the exiting file

Syntax – type _ file name enter
Propose :- this command used to open the exiting file

How to Rename the file

Syntax :- Ren_source file _Target file enter
Propose :- This command used to rename the file

How to Delete the file

Syntax :- Del_ file Name
Propose :- this command used to delete the file

Windows
Window is the most popular Multi user Multi Task operating system.
Which is develop by Microsoft company of USA name as MS Windows. It
has made computer operation easy to use. It is allowed to perform in
graphical task which are not possible under the dos so it Graphical User
Interface (GUI ) operating system.

Version of window
Window 2.0
Window 3.0
Window 95
Window98
Windows NT ( New Technology )
Windows ME ( Million Edition )
Window2000
Window Xp
Window 7
Windows8 ( Oct 2012 )
And Now the latest Version come into market Window 10 ( 13 June 2015)
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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION

Desktop
It is background area on the screen is called desktop

How to change Desk top wall paper

1st Right click on the desktop
The go to Personalize
Then choose desktop
The choose your background style
Then close

How to add name on the Screen saver

1st Right click on the desktop
Then go to personalize
Then after display a dialog box
Then choose screen saver
Then choose 3D Text
Then click on Setting
Then type your text
Then Ok
Then apply and ok

Icon
 It is represent on the window by small graphical symbol is called
icon
 It is image of program which is represent on the desktop with
program name is called Icon.

How to Create a short cut icon

1st Right click on desktop
Then go to new option
Then choose short cut option
Then after display a dialog box
Then choose browse
Then choose your program
Then ok
Then Nest and finish

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Task bar
It is present bottom part of window. They have content right side time
indicator and left side start bottom.

Time Indicator
It is present Right most of the task bar. This bar display the current system
date and time

Start bottom
It is present left side of the task bar. It is the get of computer. This bottom
helps enter the all program

Recycle bin
It is an icon like as dustbin of the computer. Which is contain all the
deleted file and folder. When we deleted any file and folder that goes to
recycle bin

My computer
It is container which is contain all the program and file and folder in the
system.

My Document
It is container which is contain all the document of our system.

How to Create a Folder

1st Right click on the Desktop
Then go to new option
Then choose folder option
Then type your folder name
Then enter

How to Rename the Folder

1st Right click on the Folder
Then go to Rename option
Then type your folder name
Then enter

How to Move the folder

1st Right click on the folder
Then go to cut option
Then change your location
Then right click on there
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Then choose paste option

How to create a duplicate folder

1st Right click on the folder
Then choose copy option
Then change your location
Then right click on there
Then choose paste option

How to Delete the Folder

1st Right click on the folder
Then choose delete option
Then after display a dialog box
Then choose yes

How to Restore the folder

1st go to Recycle Bin
Then Right click on the folder
Then choose restore option

How to Shutdown the computer

1st click on the start bottom
Then go to shutdown

How to Restart the computer

1st click on the start bottom
Then go to Shutdown option
Then go to Restart option

How to stand by the PC

1st click on the start bottom
Then go to shutdown option
Then go to sleep option
How to log off the system
1st click on the start bottom
Then go to shutdown option
Then go to log off

Hot to Change mouse bottom

1st Click on the start bottom
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Then go control panel
Then after display a dialog
Then choose mouse
Then active switch Primary and secondary bottom
Then apply and ok

How to change the Mouse Pointer

1st click on the start bottom
Then go the control panel
Then after display a dialog box
Then choose mouse
Then choose pointer
Then click on Browse
Then choose your pointer style
Then apply and ok

How to change system Date and Time

1st click on start bottom
Then to control panel
Then choose date and time
Then set your current date and time
Then apply and ok

How to Arrange by icon

1st Right click on the desktop
Then go to Arrange icon by
Then choose Auto arrange

How to Play Window Media Player

1st Click on the start bottom
Then go to all Programs
Then choose window media player
Then after display the Window Media Player on your screen
Then choose Play option

Note Pad
It is a text editor program our system. This Program helps to edit our text
our like cut , copy and paste etc
How to open Note pad
1st click on the start bottom
Then go to all Program
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 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION
Then go to accessories
Then choose note pad
After that display then note pad program

Word pad
It is a also text editor program our system this program help to edit and
Management our text.

How to open word pad

1st click on start bottom
Then go to all program
Then go to accessory
Then choose word pad program
Then after that display the word pad program

When we entry in to word pad program we find a title bar, menu bar, tool
bar, ruller and scrall bar, status bar also.

Title bar
It is display the name of program it is present top of the window and the
have content minimize, maximize and close bottom.

Menu bar:
It is present just below the title bar, they have content some menu like file,
Edit view, insert format tools, table etc.

Standard tool bar

It is present just below the menu bar they have content some quick access
command in picture wise and icon wise

Formatting tool bar

It is present just below the standard tool bar they have content some quick
access command in picture wise and icon wise for quickly formatting the
document

Scroll Bar
It is used scrolling the page top to down and left to right
There are two types of scroll bar
1. Vertical scroll bar ( it is used top to down )
2. Horizontal scroll bar ( it is used left to Right )

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Title Bar

Menu Bar
Standard Tool Bar Formatting Tool Bar

Ruler

File Menu
New :- By this option used to crate a new blank document
Open :- By this option used to open the exiting file
Save :- By this option used to save the file
Save as :- By this option used to save the single file one to more name
Page setup :- By this option used set the paper size and paper margine
Print Privew :- by this option used before print out your document you
check your page ture and falsh
Print :- By this option used Print out your document
Exit :- By this option used close the program

Edit Menu

Undo :- By this option used to go the previous action

Cut :- By this option used to move the selected text one location another
location
Copy :- By this option used to create a duplicate text
Past :- By this option used to paste the cut or copy text
Selected all :- by this option used selected the inter page at time
Clear :- by this option used clear the selected text
SCOPE INFORMATION 23 TECHNOLOGY
ALKUND JAJPUR
BSNL EXCHANGE CAMPUS A.B WOMEN’S COLLEGE ROAD ALKUND
 SCOPE COMPUTER EDUCATION
Find :- By this option used to find out the specific text in active document
Replace :- By this option used to replace the specific text in your active
document

View Menu :- By this option used hide and unhide the standard tool bar ,
formatting tool bar and status bar and ruller also

Insert Menu :-

Date time - By this option used to insert the current system date and time in
your active page
Object :- By this option used to insert another program in your active
document
Fomat Menu
Font :- By this option used to change the letter size , letter style and letter
color
Paragraph:- By this option used to set the Alignment , line spacing and
indection
Tab :- By this option used to set the large space in between two character
Bullet and style :- By this option used to insert the bullets in every line

24
SCOPE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ALKUND JAJPUR
BSNL EXCHANGE CAMPUS A.B WOMEN’S COLLEGE ROAD ALKUND