1. Network - enables communication 14.
Session layer - Maintains
and facilitate the efficient transfer of connections and is responsible for
data controlling ports and sessions.
2. TCP/IP - is a model designed to 15.Network layer - Decides which
standardize computer networking. physical path the data will take
3. Peer to Peer - decentralized type of 16.Transport layer - Transmits data
network architecture where all using transmission protocols
participating devices or nodes can including TCP and UDP
act as both clients and servers. 17.Application layer - Human-computer
resources are distributed across interaction layer, where applications
multiple nodes, reducing the reliance can access the network services
on a single point of failure. 18.Encapsulation - process takes place
4. Wide Area Network - large in the sending computer while the
geographic area, connecting multiple de-encapsulation process takes
local area networks (LANs) and place in the receiving computer.
remote sites. After encapsulation, each layer uses
5. Internet - move packets from a specific name or term to represent
sources to destination, provide the encapsulated data.
internet working. 19.CIDR - is a method for assigning IP
6. Mesh Topology - each device is addresses without using the
connected to every other device on standard IP address classes like
the network through a dedicated Class A, Class B or Class C.
point-to-point link. 20.Subnetting - means divide or
7. Star Topology - each device in the separate the single network into
network is connected to a central multiple networks that can reduce
device called a hub. the loading from one network.
8. Bus topology - main cable and all 21.Mask - A mask is a 32-bit binary
the devices are connected to this number that is expressed in dotted
main cable through drop lines. decimal notation. By default, a mask
flexible connections and easy contains two fields, the network field
reconfiguration. and them host field.
9. Ring Topology - each device is 22.IP prefix - The IP prefix identifies
connected with the two devices on the number of significant bits used to
either side of it. identify a network.
10.Hybrid Topology - a combination of 23.OSI - The Open Systems
two or more different network Interconnection (OSI) model is a
topologies. conceptual model created by the
11.Physical layer - Transmits raw bit International Organization for
stream over the physical medium. Standardization which enables
12.Data Link layer - Defines the format diverse communication systems to
of data on the network. communicate using standard
13.Presentation layer - Ensures that protocols. It can be seen as a
data is in a usable format and is universal language for computer
where data encryption occurs. networking.
24.Hexadecimal Notation - is the 34.class a - default [Link]
format typically used when 35.class b - [Link]
identifying IPv6 addresses. 36.class c - [Link]
25.Dotted Decimal Notation - is the 37.class d - [Link]
format that is typically used for 38.class e - for future use network
displaying the IP address in a address broadcast address
human-readable format. An example
[Link].
26.IPv6 - the upcoming replacement
for IPv4. It contains some major
improvements and new features.
27.1pv4 - currently used version of
Internet Protocol.
28.Network -
29.Network Protocol model - defines
the rules and procedures for
communication between devices in a
network.
30.IP - is the corner-stone of the
TCP/IP architecture. All computers
in the Internet understand IP.
31.Private addressing - means If the
internetwork is limited to one
organization, the IP addresses need
only be unique within that
organization. Only networks that
interface with public networks such
as the Internet need public
addresses.
32.NAT - This technique has been used
to convert the private address to
public address, the NAT allowing us
to access the internet and get
services.
33.PAT - It’s another technique used to
convert the private address to public.
During PAT, each computer on LAN
is translated to the same IP address
(public), but with a different port
number assignment. This way is
much better than the NAT because
we can use one public address to
translate any private address,
therefore we saved the cost.