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Similarity (ML Aggarwal)

The document contains a series of mathematical examples and solutions involving similar triangles, the Basic Proportionality Theorem, and calculations related to shadows and heights. It illustrates various geometric principles through problems, including the relationships between angles and sides in triangles. Additionally, it discusses the properties of isosceles triangles and the conditions for triangle similarity.

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Dr. Soumadip Ghosh
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19 views13 pages

Similarity (ML Aggarwal)

The document contains a series of mathematical examples and solutions involving similar triangles, the Basic Proportionality Theorem, and calculations related to shadows and heights. It illustrates various geometric principles through problems, including the relationships between angles and sides in triangles. Additionally, it discusses the properties of isosceles triangles and the conditions for triangle similarity.

Uploaded by

Dr. Soumadip Ghosh
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Example 21, A girl of height 90 cm is walking away from the base of a lamp-Post ata spe of 12 m/sec. If the lamp is 36 m above the ground, find the length of her shadow aj cr 4 seconds. Solution. Let AB be the lamp-post and CD be the girl. A BD = distance covered by the girl in 4 sec : = (12)x4m=48m. s Let DE = x metres be the shadow of the girl. In AABE and ACDE, B ZAEB = ZCED (same angle) ZABE = ZCDE (each = 90°) AABE ~ ACDE (AA rule of similarity) + +x a ae 19 eas => 4r=484+x>3x=48 > 2x=16 Hence, the length of shadow after 4 seconds = 1.6 m Example 22. In the given figure, QP il ST ll RM i LN. If PQ = 30 cm, TN = 10 om, NR = 20 cm and MR = 36 cm, answer the following questions by choosing the correct () How many pairs of similar triangles are there? (@) three (6) four (c) five (d) six (ii) Length of TS is (@) 16 cm (6) 20cm (0) 24cm (d) 18 cm (iii) Length of PR is : @ 32cm (8) cm (©) 50 cm (@) 60 cm (iv) If SN is the bisector of angle TSR, then choose the correct option (a) SN = 28 cm (6) SN is the median of ATSR (©) RN is the median of ASRM (d) ASMR is isosceles. Solution. (i) The pairs of similar triangles are: APQR ~ ATSR, APQR ~ ANLR, ATSR ~ ANLR, AMSR ~ ANSL, ANMR~ ANST :. The correct option is (c). (ii) Since ANST ~ ANMR, TIN St). 10 MR RN * 3san ~ 200m > ST = 18cm ., The correct option is (d). (i) Since APQR ~ ATSR, PR Q PR Wem io eR oo TR - So 5 R= 50cm The correct option is (¢). (iv) In ATSN, ST + TN = 18 cm + 10 cm = 28 cm, As third side of a triangle must be less than the sum of other two sides, so length of SN # 28 cm. + Option (a) is ruled out. In ATRS, TN = 10 cm and NR = 20 cm = N is not mid-point of TR = SN is not the median of ATSR ~. Option (t) is ruled out. Since ANST ~ ANMR, SN _ ST _ SN _ 18am WN 7 WR UN 7 py 2 MN=25N => Nis not mid-point of SM = RN is not a median of ASRM. +. Option (c) is ruled out. «. The correct option is (A). Alternatively Given SN is bisector of ZTSR = ZTSN = ZNSR. Also ST ll RM (given) > ZTSN = 2SMR «. ZNSR = ZSMR => ZMSR = ZSMR. Thus, in ASMR, ZMSR = ZSMR => RM=RS (sides opp. equal 2s are equal) => ASMR is isosceles <. The correct option (d). 1. State which pairs of triangles in the figure given below are similar. Write the similarity rule used and also write the pairs of similar triangles in symbolic form (all lengths of sides are in cm): > P A ih 45 et L 3s = a ae 7 vf ae (i) (ii) 2. [fin two right triangles, one of the acute angle of one triangle is equal to an acute angle of the other triangle, can you say that the two triangles are similar? Why? 3, It is given that AABC ~ AEDF such that AB = 5 cm, AC = 7 em, DF = 15 cm and DE = 12 cm. Find the lengths of the remaining sides of the triangles. a soi 4 @ If AABC ~ ADER, AB = 4 cm, DE = 6 em, EF = 9emand FD = 12 4, , the perimeter of AABC find () He AABC ~ APQR, perimeter of AABC = 32 cm, perimeter of APQR PR = 6 em, then find the length of AC. 5, Calculate the other sides of a triangle whose shortest side is 6 cm and whic), ; to a triangle whose sides are [Link], 7 cm and 8 cm. 'S Simiad e(@) In the figure (1) given below, AB II DE, AC =3cm, CE=75 cm and Bp - Calculate CB and DC. Me (0) In the figure @) given below; CA IBD, the lines AB and CD meet at 0 (2 Prove that AACO ~ ABDO (i IBD = 24 cm, OD = 40m, OB =$2em and AC = 36 cm, calculate 0, A B i D ee : p E (1) Q) +. (a) In the figure ()) given below, ZP = ZRTS. Prove that ARPQ ~ ARTS (f) In the figure (ii) given below, ZADC = ZBAC. Prove that CA? = DC « BC R @ (i) (a) In the figure (1) given below, AP = 2PB and CP = 2PD (i) Prove that SACP is similar to ABDP and AC || BD (i AC = 45 cm, calculate the length of BD (6) In the figure (2) given below, ZADE = ZACB AE = 3m, BD = Lem and AB = 6 cm, calculate AC. below, ZPQR = ZPRS, : Fa eA cm, = that triangles PQR pe adjoining Fgwre, ABC is a triangle in which In is a point on the side BC such that 4 Ac © WB = Ap and PN 1 AC. Prove that gM x NP = CN x MP 4, Prove that the ratio of the perimeters of two similar triangles is the same aS the ratio 1p their corresponding sides. adjoining figure, ABCD is a trapezium in which In the ; diagonals AC and BD intersect at O. Prove th pil DC. The yee that Oc © OD above result, find the value(s) of x if 19, OB = x- 4, OC =x-3 and OD =4 below, AB, EF and CD are parallel lines. Given that = 18 cm. Calculate using the OA = 3% ~ @in the figure (1) given AB = 15cm, EG = 5 cm, GC = 10 cm and DC () EF (ii) AC () In the figure (2) given below, AF, BE and CD are AF = 7-5 cm, CD = 45 cm, ED = 3 cm, BE = x and AE = } xand y. 2 parallel lines. Given that Find the values of > (2) A | In the given figure, ZA = 90° and AD 1 BC. IBD = 2 cm and CD = 8 cm, find AD. B D c g at a certain time and at the ts a shadow of 24 metres lon; long. Find the height of the 14. A15 metres high tower cas shadow 16 metres same time, a telephone pole casts 4 “ telephone pole. a on light bulb is fixed on a pole 6m above the level of street. If a woman of height ee mecasts a shadow of 3 m, find how far she is away from the base of the pole? IIT nied sia Team Basic Proportionality Theorem (abbreviated BI’), ET) a Ee Theorem 13:1. Basic Proportionality Theorem (BPT) If A a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to \ intersect the other two sides in distinct points, then the \ other two sides are divided in the same ratio. \ Given, A triangle ABC and a line DE parallel to BC D \ intersects AB at D and AC at E. a. AD _ AE \ To prove. Bk Beas \ Proof. : a In ABC and AADE 1. ZABC = ZADE iv DEWBC, comesponding angles equal 2. ZBCA = ZDEA 2, DE Il BC, corresponding angles equal, 3, ABC ~ AADE “3. AA rule of similarity 4, MB AC [ar Comesponding sides of similar triangles are AD” AR proportional. 5, AD» DB _ AB+ EC |5. From figure owe Ifa line DE is drawn parallel to the side BC of a SABC which intersects and AC at, then (i) 4 =A (iy BBFC, fh ) Dividing (1) by 2). we get AR AC DR HC DROP TAR AC ‘Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem ‘The epnverse of Basic Proportionality Theorem is also true, We record it as: Vheorem 13.2 If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in Bye sane ratio, then the line is parallel to the third side i Given, A triangle ABC and a line DE intersecting sides pee AB and AC in points D and E respectively such that e AD | AE \ DEC \ To prove, DE II BC, fe \ Construction. Draw a line DF parallel to side BC i: thtersecting side AC in point F. Proot. E : Statements oe Reasons 4 4 AD_aF 1, By Basic Proportionality Theorem because | DF Il BC (by construction) 2. Given 6. Cancelling AC = Eand F coincide But DF |i BC, therefore, DE |! BC. Ee z i =m zg g 3 5 € = S z - a, ; ‘vides the opposite side internally in the ratio of the sides _ containing the angle. ve “stangle ABC and AD is internal bisector of ZA, i‘ AB a bia, CE Ii DA to meet BA produced at E, in the adjoining figure. Reasons HL Alt. 2s, CE IDA (2. Corres, 48, CE I DA 3. AD is internal bisector of 7A 4. From 1, 2 and 3 5, Sides opposite equal angles of a triangle are equal 6. In AEBC, DA | CE "6. By Basic Proportionality Theorem BD _ AB | DC AE | : "7. From 5, AE = AC The converse of the above theorem is also true. We record it as: Theorem 13.4 If a line through one vertex of a triangle divides the opposite side in the ratio of other two sides, then the line bisects the angle at the vertex. / ‘Given. A triangle ABC and D is a point on BC such that We AB ae, To prove. AD is bisector of ZA. Construction. Through C, draw CE lI DA to meet BA produced at E. Mark the angles as shown in the adjoining figure. = De 4. Angles opposite equal sides of a triangle ae equal 5. Corres. 2, DANCE (6AM 2, DANCE 7. ¥roim 4, and 6 ee airing figure, XY WBC. Given that 1, A 1S em and BC = 6 cm, write down w/ a en y ey (XY iy ne Hel to the side BC of ~ ore i tance KY te pareltel to he side BC o a/ we . wt we have a (eo AX = Bem, XB © 15 em) « “ “ss a AN i ere, Ye 1 : pan and — i wt Band ZY = 2e-x-1=0 de -W+x-1=0 3 2(x-1)+ 1-1 = @-1)Qx+1)=0 >x-1=0o0r2v+1=0 By Basic Proportionality Theorem, we have J uuusyvuds relorx=-} When x =-4, AD = 4x -3 = 4 (- Hence, x = 1 ff) Let AE = x cm, then EC = AC - AE = (48 - x) cm In AABC, DE i BC en 'y Basic Proportionality Theorem, we have nie 5 tbr =X) = Sx = 144 ~ 1) 5, not possible. In the given figure, XY # OR. TS» [amd 5 = a+} a As KY EPR, by cor to BIT, we have 2.8 . =..2 m FO ohm 7 => FR=G« 63am = 7YR« 8? an team (2) = ye = 2 ne 27cm Example 4. E and F ane points om the sidies MQ art PR respectively of 2 APQK such thet PE ~ 4 cm QE = 45 an PF - § om and RF = fom & OF 1 OR Gave feasoms for your amen m4 8 Seiunen. eas and z of = ae Therefore by converse of Ram Proportamelity There EP EQR Oa = en ean on wt oF gle DEF such Gun OF « Som DQ) ~ 6 om QF » 28 om be PQ 4 EF Gee more 3-3 =T}=™7 Ths geomet ween TR and TO eee tn the adjoining gee DE 1 AC ant EE From (i) and (ii), we get PE_ PF EQ FR ‘ YF Thus in APQR, E5=F5 = EF QR (converse of Bp Ps _ PT Example 11, In the adjoining figure, if <4 ~ 7g and ZPST = ZPRQ, prove that APQR is isosceles. Solution, In APOR, 2-72 (giver) => STIQR (converse of [Link]) : £PST = ZPQR (corres. 2s) but 2ST = ZPRQ (giver) ° ’ => ZPQR= ZPRQ => PR=PQ (sides opposite equal angles ofa triangle are equal = APQR is isosceles. Example 12. In the adjoining figure, medians AD and BE of AADC A meet at the point G, and DF is drawn parallel to BE. Prove that () EF=FC (i) AG: GD = 2:1. ‘ Solution, (i) In AEBC, D is mid-point of BC and DF BE = F is mid-point of BC => EF = PC é (ii) EF = FC => EC = 2EF , b fs = AE = 2EF {AS B is mid-point of AC, EC = ® on - ; AR, i " 7 Ww oe ea dy BRT : » Bae 2) P RK and (BD, we get AU. ET as recited Yom (2) one (2), we get Yo 8 required GD Given PD = 18 em, BQ © 35 em and QC © 15 em A ® Using part (), we get AP RQ m x ars is 35 ‘ic 8 = 42 >» AF “thal 4 Hence, AP = 42 cm AD = AP + PD = 42 cm + 18 cm = 60 cm ‘Qumple 14, ABCD is a parallelogram, P is a point on the side BC and DP when produced ‘meets AB produced at Q. Prove that: pr pc DQ _ AQ @ "8 0 > De Solution. (9 ABCD is a parallelogram, so AD RBC and DC = AB In AAQD, BP 1 AD (: BC AD) PQ_ BQ eh (by BPT) FOO AB = 2-2 (: AB = DO) = A) PQ. BQ ___{ii) Adding 1 to both sides of (1), we get a DP+PQ _ DC+BQ eal - aa As AD is bisector of 2A. 2.2 theorem 13.) nC AC ’ ; Rt Wee Bo ™ 2 el © AB © AC @ AARC is isosceles Example 16, AD is median of ABC The Mentors of CADE ‘and ZADC meet AB and AC in points £ and F sexpectively Prove that BF # BC Solution. In AABD, DE is baxter of ADB, aa 08 {0 (rece 13.) = In ACD, DF is sector of CADE, DA 2 (Qevewe 11.5) / = | ily re 5 (0 AD ie median of vs From ()) and (2), we get az oO ‘ ty &

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