1
UNIT-II
LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM
Essay Questions:
1) Define L.P.P. Explain about general formulation of L.P.P.
2) Discuss about Canonical form & Standard form of L.P.P.
3) What is linear programming? What are the requirements for application of linear programming?
List out the applications of linear programming in business management.
4) A company produces 2 types of hats each hat of the 1 ST type requires twice as much as labour time
as the 2nd type. If all the hats are 2 nd types only, the company can produce total of 500 hats a day. The
market limits daily sales of 1st &2nd type are 150 & 250. Assuming that the profits per hat are Rs/- 8
for type-A is Rs/- 5 for type-B. Formulate the problem as L.P.P model in order to determine the no. of
hats to be produced of each type so as to maximize the profit.
5) A Furniture manufacture wishes to determine the no. of tables and chairs to be made by him. In
order to optimize the use of his available resources, these produce utilize “2” different types of timber
and he has on hand 1,500 board feet of 1 st type and 1000 board feet of 2nd type. He has 800 man hours
available for the total job. Each table &chair requires 5&1 board feet respectively for the 1 st type of
timer and 2&3 board feet of 2 nd type of timber. And “3” man hours are required to make a table “2”
man hours are required to make a chair. The manufacturer makes a profit of as 12/- on table and 5/-
on chair. Write the complete linear programming formulation of the problem in terms of maximizing
the total profit.
6) Formulate the following problems as L.P.P
Food “x” contains “6” units of vitamin “A” per gram and “7” units of vitamin “B” per gram, and costs
12 paisa per gram
Food “y” contains “8” units of vitamin “A” per gram and “12” units of vitamin “B” per gram and
costs 20 paisa per gram
The daily minimum requirements of vitamin A & vitamin B are 100&120 units respectively. Find the
minimum cost of the product.
7) Explain the procedure for Graphical method in L.P.P.
8) A company produces “2”types of leather belts say type “A”& type “B” belt “A” is superior
quality and belt B is lower quality and profits on “2” types of belts are 4/- & 3/- respectively. Each
belt of type-A requires twice as much time as required by belt of type’B”. If all the belts are type –A
&B the company would produce 2000 belts/day. But the supply of leather is sufficient only for
800/day, belt “A” requires a fancy buckle and 400 fancy buckles are available for this per day. For
2
belt of type-B only 700 buckles available per day. How should the company manufacture the “2”
types of belts in order to have maximize overall profits?
9) Solve the following L.P.P by graphical method
Minimum Z = 20 +40
Subject to constraints
36 +6
3 +
20 +10
And +
10) Solve the following L.P.P by graphical method
Maximize Z=3 +
Subject to constrains
And
11) Solve the following L.P.P by using graphical method
Maximum Z = 8 subject to constrains.
2 +
And
12) Explain the procedure for Simplex method in L.P.P.
13) Solve the following LPP by using simplex method.
Maximize Z= 4
3
And
14) Solve the following L.P.P by using simplex method
Minimum Z =
Subject to the constraints
And
15) A small firm manufactures necklaces and bracelets. The total number of necklaces and
bracelets that it can handle per day is at most 24. It takes one hour to make a bracelet and half
an hour to make a necklace. The maximum number of hours available per day is 16. If the
profit on a necklace is ₹ 100 and that on a bracelet is ₹ 300. Formulate on L.P.P. for finding
how many of each should be produced daily to maximise the profit? It is being given that at
least one of each must be produced.
16) Two tailors A and B, earn ₹ 300 and ₹ 400 per day respectively. A can stitch 6 shirts and
4 pairs of trousers while B can stitch 10 shirts and 4 pairs of trousers per day. To find how
many days should each of them work and if it is desired to produce at least 60 shirts and 32
pairs of trousers at a minimum labour cost, formulate this as an LPP.
17) Solve the following LPP graphically:
Minimise Z = 5x + 10y subject to the constraints
x + 2y ≤ 120
x + y ≥ 60,
x – 2y > 0 and x, y ≥ 0
18) Maximise and minimise Z = x + 2y subject to the constraints
x + 2 y ≥ 100
2x – y ≤ 0
4
2x+ y ≤ 200
x, y ≥ 0
Solve the above LPP graphically.
19) A manufacturer has employed 5 skilled men and 10 semi-skilled men and makes two
models A and B of an article. The making of one item of model A requires
2 h work by a skilled man and 2 h work by a semi-skilled man. One item of model B requires
1 h by a skilled man and 3 h by a semi-skilled man. No man is expected to work more than 8
h per day. The manufacturer profit on an item of model A is t 15 and on an items of model B
is ? 10. How many of items of each models should be made per day in order to maximize
daily profit? Formulate the above LPP and solve it graphically and find the maximum profit.
20) A company produces two types of goods, A and B, that require gold and silver. Each unit
of type A requires 3 g of silver and 1 g of gold while that of type B requires 1 g of silver and
2 g of gold. The company can use at the most 9 g of silver and 8 g of gold. If each unit of
type A brings a profit of ₹ 40 and that of type B ₹ 50, find the number of units of each type
that the company should produce to maximize profit. Formulate the above LPP and solve it
graphically and also find the maximum profit.
21) A factory manufactures two types of screws A and B, each type requiring the use of two
machines, an automatic and a hand-operated. It takes 4 min on the automatic and 6 min on
the hand-operated machines to manufacture a packet of screw ‘A’ while it takes 6 min on the
automatic and 3 min on the hand-operated machine to manufacture a packet of screw ‘B’.
Each machine is available for atmost 4 h on any day. The manufacturer can sell a packet of
screw A’ at a profit of 70 paise and screw ‘B’ at a profit of U.
Assuming that he can sell all the screws he manufactures, how many packets of each type
should the factory owner produce in a day in order to maximise his profit? Formulate the
above LPP and solve it graphically and find the maximum profit.
22) A manufacturer produces two products A and B. Both the products are processed on two
different machines. The available capacity of first machine is 12 h and that of second
machine is 9 h per day. Each unit of product A requires 3 h on both machines and each unit
of product B requires 2 h on first machine and 1 h on second machine. Each unit of product A
is sold at a profit of ₹ 7 and B at a profit of ₹ 4. Find the production level per day for
maximum profit graphically.
23) A retired person wants to invest an amount of ₹ 50000. His broker recommends investing
in two types of bonds A’ and ‘B’ yielding 10% and 9% return respectively on the invested
amount. He decides to invest at least ₹ 20000 in bond A’ and at least ₹ 10000 in bond ‘B’.
He also wants to invest at least as much in bond A’ as in bond ‘B’. Solve this linear
programming problem graphically to maximise his returns.
24) There are two types of fertilisers A and B’. A’ consists of 12% nitrogen and 5%
phosphoric acid whereas B’ consists of 4% nitrogen and 5% phospheric acid. After testing
5
the soil conditions, farmer finds that he needs at least 12 kg of nitrogen and 12 kg of
phosphoric acid for his crops. If‘A’ costs 110 per kg and B’ costs ? 8 per kg , then graphically
determine how much of each type of fertiliser should be used so that the nutrient
requirements are met at a minimum cost?
25) In order to supplement daily diet, a person wishes to take X and Y tablets. The contents
(in milligrams per tablet) of iron, calcium and vitamins in X and Y are given as below:
The person needs to supplement at least 18 milligrams of iron, 21 milligrams of calcium and
16 milligrams of vitamins. The price of each tablet of X and Y is ₹ 2 and ₹ 1, respectively.
How many tablets of each type should the person take in order to satisfy the above
requirement at the minimum cost? Make an LPP and solve graphically.
26) A manufacturer produces nuts and bolts. It take 2 hours work on machine A and 3 hours
on machine B to produce a package of nuts. It takes 3 hours on machine A and 2 hours on
machine B to produce a package of bolts. He earns a profit of ₹ 24 per package on nuts and ₹
18 per package on bolts. How many package of each should be produced each day so as to
maximise his profit, if he operates his machines for at most 10 hours a day? Make an LPP
and solve it graphically.
27) Find graphically, the maximum value of Z = 2x + 5y, subject to constraints given below
2x+ 4y ≤ 8; 3x + y ≤ 6
x + y ≤ A; x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.
28) A company manufactures three kinds of calculators: A B and C in its two factories I and
II. The company has got an order for manufacturing at least 6400 calculators of kind A 4000
of kind B and 4800 of kind C. The daily output of factory I is of 50 calculators of kind A 50
calculators of kind B and 30 calculators of kind C. The daily output of factory II is of 40
calculators of kind A 20 of kind B and 40 of kind C. The cost per day to run factory I is ₹
12000 and of factory II is ₹ 15000. How many days do the two factories have to be in
operation to produce the order with the minimum cost? Formulate this problem as an LPP
and solve it graphically.
29) Maximise Z = 8x + 9y subject to the constraints given below:
2x + 3y ≤ 6 3x – 2y ≤ 6
y ≤ 1; x,y ≥ 0.
30) Solve the following linear programming problem graphically:
Minimise Z = 200 x + 500 y
Subject to the constraints:
x + 2y ≥ 10
6
3x + 4y ≤ 24
x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
Short Answers:
1) Define L.P.P
2) Explain i) Slack ii) Surplus variables
3) What is artificial variable?
4) Define Degeneracy in L.P.P.
5) Explain i) IBFS ii) OBFS
6) Applications of linear programming
7) Explain about types BFS.
8) Define auxiliary form of L.P.P.
9) Define canonical form of L.P.P.
10) What is objective function ?