U5L1 Notes U5L2 Notes
Vocabulary: Vocabulary:
● Axis of rotation - a line about ● Cross section - the figure
which a two-dimensional figure formed by intersecting a solid
is rotated to produce a with a plane
three-dimensional figure, called ● Face - any flat surface on a
a solid of rotation three-dimensional figure
● Solid of rotation - a ● Cylinder - a three-dimensional
three-dimensional figure formed figure with two parallel,
by rotating a two-dimensional congruent, circular bases,
figure using a line called the formed by translating one base
axis of rotation to the other; each pair of
corresponding points on the
Key Takeaways:
bases is connected by a line
● We should be able to visualize segment
axes and solids of rotation.
U5L2 Notes (continued) U5L2 Notes (continued)
● Sphere - a three-dimensional ● Cone - a three-dimensional
figure in which all cross-sections figure with a circular base and
in every direction are circles a point not in the plane of the
● Prism - a solid figure composed
base called the apex; each
of two parallel, congruent faces
point on the base is
(called bases) connected by
parallelograms; it’s named for the connected to the apex by a
shape of its bases line segment
● Pyramid - a solid figure that has Key Takeaways:
one special face called the base,
and all other faces are triangles ● We should be able to visualize
that meet at a single vertex called cross-sections of
the apex; it’s named for the 3-dimensional solids.
shape of its bases
U5L3 Notes U5L4 Notes
Key Takeaways: Key Takeaways:
● We can use dilations to ● When you scale a rectangle by
visualize cross-sections a factor of k, the length and the
(especially for pyramids). width are both multiplied by k,
so the area is multiplied by k2.
● In fact, when you scale any
shape by a factor of k, the area
is multiplied by k2.
● (Perimeter is just multiplied by
k.)
U5L5 Notes U5L6 Notes
Key Takeaways: Key Takeaways:
● If we know the area of an original ● When you dilate any
figure and its dilation, we can
three-dimensional solid by
work backwards to find the scale
scale factor k,
factor. Since area is affected by
the scale factor squared, to work ○ surface area is multiplied
backwards we would do the by k2
square root of the area ratio to ○ volume is multiplied by k3
find the original scale factor.
● We explored the graph of y = √x
as a way to represent this
relationship between area and
scale factor. While you will not be
tested on this graphical
relationship in Geometry, you’ll
see more of it in Algebra 2!
U5L7 Notes U5L7 Notes (continued)
Vocabulary: Key Takeaways:
● Cube Root - the number y ● We explored the graph of
whose cube is x as a way to represent this
relationship between volume
Key Takeaways:
and scale factor. While you
● If we know the volume of an will not be tested on this
original solid and its dilation, graphical relationship in
we can work backwards to Geometry, you’ll see more of it
find scale factor. Since in Algebra 2!
volume is affected by the
scale factor cubed, to work
backwards we would do the
cube root of the volume ratio
to find the original scale
factor.
U5L8 Notes U5L9 Notes
Key Takeaways: Key Takeaways:
● At this point, we should be ● For circles,
comfortable working forward ○ A = πr2
and backward between scale ○ C = 2πr
factor, dimensions, surface ● For prisms and cylinders,
area, and volume. ○ V = (A of base)*(H of
prism)
○ SA = 2*(A of base) + (P of
base)(H of prism)
U5L10 Notes U5L10 Notes (continued)
Vocabulary: Vocabulary:
● Oblique solid - a solid where ● Cavalieri’s Principle - if two
one base is translated to solids are cut into cross sections
coincide with the other, the by parallel planes, and the
corresponding cross sections on
directed line segment is not
each plane always have equal
perpendicular to the bases
areas, then the two solids have
● Right solid - a solid where the same volume
one base is translated to
coincide with the other, the Key Takeaways:
directed line segment is ● Prisms and cylinders (and cones
perpendicular to the bases and pyramids too!) have the
same volume as long as they
have the same base area and the
same height of the solid.
U5L11 Notes U5L11 Notes
Key Takeaways: Key Takeaways:
● The formula V = (Area of ● The formula V = (Area of
base)*(Height of prism) applies base)*(Height of prism) applies
to right and oblique cylinders and to right and oblique cylinders and
all prisms. Sometimes, though, all prisms. Sometimes, though,
additional calculations are additional calculations are
needed to find missing needed to find missing
measurements before the measurements before the
formula can be applied. formula can be applied.
U5L12-15 Notes U5L12-15 Notes (continued)
Vocabulary: Key Takeaways:
● Apex - the single point on a cone ● For a cone,
or pyramid that is the furthest ○ V = ⅓*πr2h
from the base. ○ SA = πr2+πrl
● For a pyramid,
○ V = ⅓*(Area of base)*(Height
of pyramid)
○ SA = (Area of base) + ½*(#
of sides)*b*l
● For these formulas, l is the slant
height of the solid and b is the
side length of the base
U5L16 Notes U5L17 Notes
Key Takeaways: Vocabulary:
● For a sphere, ● Density - the mass of a
○ V = 4/3*πr3 substance per unit volume
○ SA = 4πr2
Key Takeaways:
● Solids that are more compact,
like cubes, have the least surface ● In general, to find the density of
area for a given volume. Spheres an object, divide its mass by its
do even better than cubes in volume.
terms of less surface area for a ● We say that an object is more
given volume. dense if it has more mass packed
● How does this apply to snakes into each unit of volume.
vs. elephants?