Republic of the Philippines

PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF CREATIVE EXPRESSIONS AND HUMAN MOVEMENT EDUCATION

Basic steps in community organizing

Community Organizing Approaches 1.​ Entry into the community
2.​ Integration with the people
3.​ Social investigation
Social Action (Alinsky-inspired)
4.​ Problem identification and analysis
●​ Assumes inequality and injustice 5.​ Planning and strategizing
exist. 6.​ Core group formation
●​ People organize to demand change. 7.​ Organization development and
mobilization
Locality Development / Civic Organizing 8.​ Evaluation and reflection
●​ Focus: harmony, cooperation, local 9.​ Turn over and phase out
problem-solving. Community Analysis
●​ Builds relationships among ●​ Identify the interest, strengths , and
residents. resources of the community they are
●​ Works with the system instead of working in
against it. ●​ Attempt to understand its history,
culture, current conditions
Social Planning ●​ To know what people care about and
what they have done to address
●​ Experts design solutions.
problems and issues in their
●​ Residents are not always central.
community
●​ Power structure initiates change.
●​ Connect with and understand the
●​ Architect of community organizing
self-interest of residents and the
members of the external resource
Community Building community.
●​ Combines planning + local
participation. I. Youth Organizing
●​ Focus on assets, not deficits.
●​ Builds connections to outside Definition / Idea
Youth organizing focuses on engaging
resources.
young people to identify issues that affect
them, develop leadership, and take
Women-Centered / Feminist Organizing collective action to create social change.
●​ Challenges separation of private Honestly, youth organizing only works when
adults stop treating youth as “future leaders”
(home) and public (politics).
and start treating them as leaders now.
●​ Values care, inclusivity, shared Key Features
leadership. ●​ Youth-led and youth-centered
●​ Builds strong bonding ties among ●​ Focuses on empowerment and
women. leadership development
●​ Addresses issues directly affecting
young people (education, mental
health, employment, climate, etc.)
 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF CREATIVE EXPRESSIONS AND HUMAN MOVEMENT EDUCATION

Practical consensus organizing school culture supports them. Without it,

Strategies to engage Youth even good plans fail.
1.​ Engage adults as effective role 5. Increases motivation and commitment​
models for youth Shared values and purpose make teachers
2.​ Demonstrate an understanding of and students more engaged and dedicated.
social responsibility 6. Creates identity and sense of belonging​
3.​ Encourage youth to develop a A strong culture makes students and staff
greater understanding of self and feel proud of their school.
empathy for others
4.​ Develop opportunities for youth to Elements of School Culture
dialogue and connect with adults in
a problem solving matter. According to Deal & Peterson, school
5.​ Give youth credit for civic action that culture is made up of different
benefits the community. interconnected elements:
6.​ Propel youth into leadership roles in
the community. 1. Values and Beliefs
●​ Core ideas about what is important
Importance of School Culture (e.g., respect, excellence, discipline)
●​ Guide decisions and behavior
School culture refers to the shared beliefs, 2. Symbols and Artifacts
values, traditions, and ways of doing things ●​ Visible things in school: logos,
in a school—basically “how things are done uniforms, classrooms, displays
around here.” ●​ Represent the school’s identity and
values
Why is it important? 3. Stories and History
1. Shapes student learning and ●​ Stories about past events,
achievement​ achievements, or people
A positive culture creates an environment ●​ Help pass values from one
where students feel safe, motivated, and generation to another
supported—leading to better academic 4. Rituals and Traditions
performance. ●​ Regular activities like flag
2. Builds strong relationships​ ceremonies, recognition programs,
It strengthens connections among events
teachers, students, parents, and the ●​ Reinforce what the school values
community, promoting trust and 5. Norms and Expectations
collaboration. ●​ Unwritten rules about behavior
3. Guides behavior and attitudes​ ●​ Example: being respectful,
Culture influences how people act, participating, helping others
communicate, and respond to challenges in 6. Ceremonies
school. ●​ Formal events that celebrate
4. Supports school improvement​ success and milestones
Reforms and programs only succeed if the ●​ Strengthen school pride and unity
 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF CREATIVE EXPRESSIONS AND HUMAN MOVEMENT EDUCATION

7. Relationships and Social Interactions - assumes that the effective implementation

●​ How people interact daily of administrative functions facilitates the
●​ Includes respect, teamwork, and work of the organization's members
communication (Leithwood & Duke, 1999: 52- 53).
Instructional Leadership
LEADERSHIP
the process whereby one individual Leader's power ⟵ mainly derived from
influences other group members toward the his/her position in the hierarchy of the
attainment of defined or organizational educational organization (Katsaros,
goals. 2008: 107)

Involves Three Important Aspects: Instructional Leadership

1. Influence Gained prominence in schools in the 20th
2. Goal Attainments and 21st centuries
3. Followers Developed (1980s) in response to growing
demand for quality education and to
Leadership Styles narrow the gap between high- and
Key: Match the situation with the low-achieving students (Shitana, 2018:
appropriate leadership style 135).

1. Telling Style - High-task, low-relationship Four Dimensions (Murphy, 1990)

style; [Link] mission and goals - Principals
For subordinates who are low in motivation formulate and communicate clear goals for
and ability the school, promoting a shared vision and
2. Selling Style - High-task, purpose.
high-relationship [Link] the educational function -
style; For subordinates with adequate Promoting quality teaching, evaluating the
motivation but low ability teaching process, managing instructional
3. Participating Style - Low-task, high- time well, and coordinating the curriculum
relationship style; For subordinates with [Link] an academic learning climate -
adequate ability but low motivation Creating positive expectations,
4. Delegating Style - Low-task, encouraging motivation, and ensuring the
low-relationship active participation of the principal in all
style; For subordinates who are very high in school activities
ability and motivation [Link] a supportive work environment -
Creating a safe and organised learning
Administrative Leadership environment, promoting collaboration, and
- also known as managerial leadership ⟶ encouraging active student participation
closely links the concept of leadership to
administrative responsibilities and
functions
 Republic of the Philippines
PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF CREATIVE EXPRESSIONS AND HUMAN MOVEMENT EDUCATION

Teacher Leadership
The ability of teachers to take on
administrative roles outside the classroom
to further the success of schools,
districts, and students
Goal: To promote student learning and
achievement
Allows teachers to gain professional skills
and expertise
while continuing to teach in the classroom
Teacher leaders:
●​ Work collaboratively with other
teachers and staff to improve the
quality of teaching and educational
services
●​ Become more involved in decision
making and implement new
programs, teaching strategies, and
curriculum changes