ECEF1014N Engineering Mathematics 1

XCAT1163N Mathematics 1

Problem Sheet 4

Exercise 4A
1 Convert to radians.
a 120° b 540° c 23° d 317°

2 Convert to degrees.
1 5
a 𝜋 b 𝜋 c 1.9 rad d −2.7 rad
2 4

3 Find the sine, cosine and tangent of −170°. (Give answers in 3 s.f.)

4 Evaluate without using a calculator.

a sin 30° b cos 45° c tan 45°
d sin(−30°) e cos(−60°) f tan 0°

5 Solve, for 0° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°. Give answers correct to 1 decimal place.

a sin 𝜃 = 0.7 b sin 𝜃 = −0.32 c cos 𝜃 = 0.8 d cos 𝜃 = −0.2
e tan 𝜃 = 0.51 f tan 𝜃 = −5 g sin 𝜃 = 2 h cos 𝜃 = −1.01

6 Find the least positive value of the angle 𝜃 for which

a cos 𝜃 = −0.75 and sin 𝜃 is positive
b tan 𝜃 = −0.2 and sin 𝜃 is negative
c sin 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 and both are negative.

Exercise 4B
1 A triangle ABC has sides of lengths 30 cm, 20 cm and 10√13 cm. Calculate the smallest
angle. Then find the other two angles. Draw a scaled diagram of the triangle. Calculate
the area of the triangle.

2 In a triangle ABC, two of the sides, a and b, are of length 12 cm and 8 cm respectively.
The angle C between these sides is 40°. Solve the triangle. Calculate the area of the
triangle and draw a scaled diagram of the triangle.

3 A triangle ABC has two known sides and one known angle: a = 40 cm, b = 20 cm and
B = 24°. Solve the triangle. Calculate the area and draw a scaled diagram of the triangle.

4 A triangle ABC has one known side and two known angles: a = 6 cm, B = 80° and
C = 55°. Solve the triangle. Calculate the area and draw a full size diagram of the triangle.
Exercise 4C
1 Prove the following identities.
1 cos 𝜃 1 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
a − sin 𝜃 ≡ b ≡
sin 𝜃 tan 𝜃 cos 𝜃 1 + sin 𝜃
1 1 2
1 − 2 sin 𝜃
c + tan 𝜃 ≡ d ≡ cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃
tan 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃
sin 𝜃 1 − cos 𝜃
e + ≡ 2 csc 𝜃
1 − cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃

2 Prove.
a tan 𝐴 + cot 𝐴 ≡ sec 𝐴 csc 𝐴 b (csc 𝐴 − cot 𝐴)(1 + sec 𝐴) ≡ tan 𝐴
1
c sec 2 𝑥 + sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 ≡ d csc 2𝑥 + cot 2𝑥 ≡ cot 𝑥
1 − sin 𝑥

3 Prove the identity

tan 𝐴 sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) + sin(𝐴 − 𝐵)
≡ .
tan 𝐵 sin(𝐴 + 𝐵) − sin(𝐴 − 𝐵)

Exercise 4D
1 Evaluate without using a calculator.
a tan 105° b cos(−75°)
c sin(−15)°

2 Solve the following equations for 𝑥 in the interval 0° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°.

a 2 sin 2𝑥 = 3 cos 𝑥 b cos 2𝑥 + 3 sin 𝑥 = 2
c sin 𝑥 = cos(𝑥 − 60°) d* sec 2 𝑥 + 2 tan 𝑥 = 0

3 a Express 15 sin 𝜃 − 8 cos 𝜃 in the form 𝑅 sin(𝜃 − 𝛼), where 𝑅 > 0 and 0° < 𝛼 < 90°.
Give 𝛼 correct to 2 decimal places.
b Hence solve the equation 15 sin 𝜃 − 8 cos 𝜃 = 10 for 0° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°. Give 𝜃 correct
to 1 decimal place.

4 a Express 2 cos 𝜃 − 3 sin 𝜃 in the form 𝑅 cos(𝜃 + 𝛼), where 𝑅 > 0 and 0° < 𝛼 < 90°.
Give 𝛼 correct to 2 decimal places.
b Hence solve the equation 2 cos 𝜃 − 3 sin 𝜃 = 1.3 for 0° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°. Give 𝜃 correct
to 1 decimal place.

5 a Express 3 sin 𝜃 + 4 cos 𝜃 in the form 𝑅 sin(𝜃 + 𝛼), where 𝑅 > 0 and 0° < 𝛼 < 90°.
Give 𝛼 correct to 2 decimal places.
b Hence solve the equation 3 sin 𝜃 + 4 cos 𝜃 = 2 for 0° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°. Give 𝜃 correct to
1 decimal place.
5√3
c Solve the equation 3 sin 𝜃 + 4 cos 𝜃 = 2
for 0° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°. Give 𝜃 correct to 1
decimal place.
4 Trigonometry

Exercise 4A
2
1 a 𝜋 b 3𝜋 c 0.401 rad d 5.53 rad
3
2 a 90° b 225° c 108.9° d −154.7°
3 −0.174, −0.985, 0.176
1 1
4 a b c 1
2 √2
1 1
d − e f 0
2 2
5 a 44.4°, 135.6° b 198.7°, 341° c 36.9°, 323.1° d 101.5°, 258.5°
e 27.0°, 207.0° f 101.3°, 281.3° g no solution h no solution
6 a 138.6° b 348.7° c 225°

Exercise 4B
1 smallest angle = 33.7°; two other angles = 56.3°, 90°. Area = 300 cm2
2 c = 7.805 cm, A = 98.8°, B = 41.2°. Area = 30.9 cm2
3 2 solutions: A = 54.4°, C = 101.3°, c = 48.2 cm. Area = 392 cm2
A = 125.6°, C = 30.4°, c = 24.9 cm. Area = 202 cm2
4 b = 8.36 cm, c = 6.95 cm. Area = 20.5 cm2

Exercise 4D
√2 √2
1 a −2 − √3 b (√3 − 1) c (1 − √3)
4 4
2 a 48.6°, 90°, 131.4°, 270° b 30°, 90°, 150°
c 75°, 225° d 135°, 315°
3 a 17 sin(𝜃 – 28.07°) b 64.1°, 172.0°
4 a √13 cos(𝜃 – 56.31°) b 12.6°, 234.8°
5 a 5 sin(𝜃 + 53.13°) b 103.3°, 330.4° (or 330.5°)
c 6.9°, 66.9°