MATLAB & SIMULINK TRAINING

Module 3
13 March 2020

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 Content

Date Time Activity Description Instructor

13.30 - 14.30 Module 2 Simulink Overview Joga

14.40 - 15.30 Module 3 Vector , Matrix Sabri

Friday 15.30 – 16.00 Logical Programming and Flow Control Sabri
13 March
16.00 - 16.30 Symbolic Tools Sabri
2020

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 REVIEW Module 1
Plotting Exercise
 Create an M file and execute the file.
 Know how to use commands:
 plot, grid, xlabel, ylabel, title, legend
 hold, figure, subplot
 close
 plot3
 How to write:
 Greek letter, subscript, superscript
 How to copy a figure to MS Word
 How to make other adjustments on a figure

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 REVIEW Module 1

Greek Letters, subscript and superscript

Execute an M file : coba_1plot.m
and type on the command window

>> ylabel(‘angle of attack, \alpha (deg)’)

>>xlabel(‘Time, \tau_1 (sec)’)

Also try to type on the command window the following

>> ylabel(‘angle of attack, \alpha^2 (deg)’)

>>xlabel(‘Time, \tau_{1a} (sec)’)

Observe the difference if you type

>> ylabel(‘angle of attack, \Alpha^2 (deg)’)

>>xlabel(‘Time, \Tau_1 (sec)’)

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 Module 2
Vector, Matrix, Logical Programming,
Flow Control & Symbolic Tool

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 Matrices and Vectors

 Didalam MATLAB, setiap data akan disimpan dalam bentuk matriks atau
vektor. Dalam membuat suatu data matriks pada matlab, setiap isi data
harus dimulai dari kurung siku buka “[“ dan diakhiri dengan kurung siku
tutup “]”. Dan untuk membuat variable dengan data yang terdiri
beberapa baris, gunakan tanda ‘titik koma’ (;) untuk memisahkan data
tiap barisnya.
Contoh pembuatan data matriks pada matlab:

>> A = [1 2 3] >> C = [1 2 3; 4 5
6] E=
A=

1 2 3
C= 1
2
4
5 ?
1 2 3 3 6
4 5 6
>> B = [1; 2;
3] >> D = [1 2; 3 4; 5 6
]
F=
B=

1
D=
1 3 5 ?
1 2 2 4 6
2
3 3 4
5 6
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 Matrices and Vectors

Change an element: Transpose: Diagonal matrices:

>> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8
>> A = [1 2 3; 3 4 5] >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6]
9]
A= A=
A=
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
3 4 5 4 5 6
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> A(2,1) = 6 >> B = A'
>> B = diag(A)
A= B=
B=
1 2 3 1 4
6 4 5 2 5
1
3 6
5
9

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 Matrices and Vectors
Create an empty array Calculate the determinant Augmented matrix
>> C = [-1 2 1; 3 4 5; -2 1 7]

C=
>> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9] >> B = [3 5 2; 6 4 5; 1 4 2]
-1 2 1
A= B= 3 4 5
-2 1 7
1 2 3 3 5 2
4 5 6 6 4 5 >> D = [12; 10; 11]
7 8 9 1 4 2
D=
>> A(2,:) = [] >> det(B)
12
A= ans = 10
11
1 2 3 -31
7 8 9 >> E = [C D]

E=

-1 2 1 12
3 4 5 10
-2 1 7 11

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 Range Operators

The range operators allows one to set up a vector of equally spaced entries

Defining vectors with the range operator Accessing data from arrays with the range operator

>> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]
>> x = 1:4
A=
x=
1 2 3
1 2 3 4 4 5 6
7 8 9
>> y = 1:2:10
>> B = A(:,1)
y=
B=
1 3 5 7
9 1
4
7

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 Matrix indexing
>> A=[1 2 3; 4 5 6;7 8 9]
A=
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

Multiple row column indexing

The syntax
A([m],[n]) Linear indexing
Row column indexing The syntax
The syntax >> A([2,3],[2,3]) A(I)
ans =
A(m,n) 5 6 >> A(9)
8 9 ans =
>> A(1,3) 9
ans = Extract the entire 3rd column
3 >> A(:,end) >> A([7,8,9])'
ans = ans =
>> A(1,end) 3 3
ans = 6 6
3 9 9

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 Cell arrays
To concatenate elements into a cell array , use curly bracket { } instead of square bracket [ ]

Create cell array

>> x={pi,[];'foo',42;ones(2), eye(2)} Accessing cell Accessing contain
x=
>> y=x(2,2)
y= >> y=x{2,2}
[ 3.1416] [] y=
'foo' [ 42] [42] 42
[2x2 double] [2x2 double]

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 Size and Shape Operators

This operators access basic array information

Find the length of a vector Reshape a matrix

>> A =[1 2;3 4];

>> b = [1 2 3 4]; >> reshape(A,4,1)
>> length(b)
ans =
ans =
1
4 3
2
4
Find the size of a matrix
Find the number of dimensions of a matrix

>> A = [1 2; 3 4]; >> A = [1 2; 3 4];

>> size(A) >> ndims(A)

ans = ans =

2 2 2

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 Special Matrices

MATLAB menyediakan beberapa fungsi yang dapat kita gunakan untuk

menghasilkan bentuk-bentuk matriks yang diinginkan. Fungsi-fungsi tersebut
antara lain:
 zeros : untuk membuat matriks yang semua datanya bernilai 0

 ones : matriks yang semua datanya bernilai 1

 randn : matriks dengan data random dengan menggunakan distribusi
normal
 eye : untuk menghasilkan matriks identitas

>> C = rand(1,3)
>> A = zeros(1,3)
C=
A=
0.9501 0.2311 0.6068
0 0 0
>> D = eye(2,2)
>> B = ones(1,3)
D=
B=
1 0
1 1 1 0 1

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 How to Make Function

Bentuk penulisan nama fungsi : function [output] = nama_fungsi(input)

1 Ketik sintak dibawah ini dalam m-file:

function [a,b] = nama_fungsi(c,d,e)
a = c+d+e
b = c*d*e
end

2 Simpan sesuai dengan nama fungsi (nama_fungsi.m)

3 Ketik sintak dibawah ini pada command window

>> [a,b] = nama_fungsi(7,2,5)

a? b?
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 Practice

Buatlah fungsi luas lingkaran dan keliling lingkaran

function [A,C] = test_function(r)

A = pi*(r^2) % luas lingkaran
C = 2*pi*r % keliling lingkaran
end

>> [A,C] = test_function(6)

A=

113.0973

C=

37.6991

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 Practice

%Fungsi untuk menghitung segi-3 siku-siku: segitiga.m

%Untuk menghitung sisi miring, luas, dan keliling
function [Sisi_C,Luas,Kll] = segitiga(Sisi_A,Sisi_B)
% Menghitung sisi miring
Sisi_C = sqrt(Sisi_A^2 + Sisi_B^2);
% Menghitung luas segitiga
>> [Sisi_C,Luas,Kll] = segitiga(12,16)
Luas = 1/2* Sisi_A * Sisi_B;
% Menghitung keliling Sisi_C =
Kll = Sisi_A + Sisi_B + Sisi_C;
20

Luas =

96

Kll =

48

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 If Statements

MATLAB memiliki logical statement yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatur

aliran data pada fungsi yang akan dibuat :

if ekspresi1
statements1; a = -4
if a > 0
elseif ekspresi2 y = 2*a
statements2; elseif a == 0
y=a
else else a < 0
statements3; y = 2+a
end
end

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 If Statements (Practice)

Kategori nilai ujian mahasiwa: nilai = 75

Nilai ‘A’ untuk kisaran 91 ~ 100
Nilai ‘B’ untuk kisaran 81 ~90 if (nilai >= 91) & (nilai <= 100)
Nilai ‘C’ untuk kisaran 71 ~80
nilai = 'A'
Nilai ‘D’ untuk kisaran 61 ~70
dan elseif (nilai >= 81) & (nilai <= 90)
Nilai ‘E’ jika nilai mahasiswa kurang dari 60 nilai = 'B'
elseif (nilai >= 71) & (nilai <= 80)
nilai = 'C'
elseif (nilai >= 61) & (nilai <= 70)
nilai = 'D'
else nilai <= 60
nilai = 'E'
end

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 For Loop

0.9
x = -1:0.01:1;
0.8
for i=1:length(x)
if x(i) < 0.5 0.7

F(i) = x(i)^2; 0.6

else 0.5
F(i) = 0.25; 0.4
end
0.3
end
plot(x,F) 0.2

0.1

0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

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 Switch Statements

switch expression method = ‘linear';

case 1
do these statements switch (method)
case 2 case {'linear','bilinear'}
do these statements disp('Method is linear')
case n case 'cubic'
do these statements disp('Method is cubic')
end case 'nearest'
disp('Method is nearest')
otherwise
disp('Unknown method.')
end

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 While Statements

figure;
x=linspace(0,4,500);
A=0.5:0.5:2; 4
i=2;
while i <= length(A) 3.5

y = A(i)* x.^(1/2); 3
plot(x,y); hold on;
i=i+1; 2.5

end 2
grid on;
1.5

0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

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 Module 3
Symbolic Tool

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 Matrix symbolic

>> det(A)
>> syms a b c d
>> A=[a b; c d] ans =

a*d - b*c
A=
>> inv(A)

[ a, b] ans =
[ c, d]
[ d/(a*d - b*c), -b/(a*d - b*c)]
[ -c/(a*d - b*c), a/(a*d - b*c)]

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 Solving Algebraic Equations
y = 3x
ax + 5 = 0 2 x + 3 x + 5 x = 160 y = 2x +5
>> solve('a*x + 5 = 0') >> solve('2^x+3^x+5^x=160') >> eq1=('y=3^x')
ans = eq1 =
ans = 3.0000 y=3^x

>> eq2=('y=2^x+5')
-5/a log( x − 2) eq2 =
=4
log 2 y=2^x+5

x 2 − 6 x − 12 = 0 log( x − 2) = 4 log 2 >> s=solve(eq1,eq2)

s=
x: [1x1 sym]
>> solve('x^2 - 6*x - 12 = 0') >> solve('log10(x-2)= y: [1x1 sym]

4*log10(2)') >> x=s.x

ans = ans = x=
18 2.0000
3+21^(1/2) >> y=s.y
3-21^(1/2) y=
9.0000

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 Equation Solving
x+ y =5 ( x / a ) 2 + ( y / b) 2 = 1
y − x =1 5 x + 2b = c
>> syms x y >> syms x y a b c
>> f=[x+y-5;y-x-1] >> sol.x >> f=[(x/a)^2+(y/b)^2-1; 5*x+2*b-c]
f=
x^2/a^2 + y^2/b^2 - 1
f= ans = 2*b - c + 5*x

>> sol=solve(f,x,y)
x+y-5 2 sol =
y-x-1
x: [2x1 sym]
>> sol.y y: [2x1 sym]
>> sol=solve(f,x,y)
>> [sol.x,sol.y]
sol = ans = ans =
[ c/5 - (2*b)/5, (b*((4*(5*a - 2*b + c)*(
5*a + 2*b - c))/25)^(1/2))/(2*a)]
x: [1x1 sym] 3 [ c/5 - (2*b)/5, -(b*((4*(5*a - 2*b + c)*(
y: [1x1 sym] 5*a + 2*b - c))/25)^(1/2))/(2*a)]

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 Equation Solving

>> syms x y z >> [x,y,z] = solve(eq1,eq2,eq

>> eq1 = '2*x-3*y+4*z = 5' 3,x,y,z)

eq1 = x=

2*x-3*y+4*z = 5 -5/37

>> eq2 = 'y+4*z+x = 10'

y=
eq2 =
45/37
y+4*z+x = 10

>> eq3 = '-2*z+3*x+4*y = 0' z=

eq3 = 165/74

-2*z+3*x+4*y = 0

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 Plotting Symbolic Equations

x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0 x >> syms x
y= >> y=x/(x+5
>> y = 'x^2 + 5*x + 6'; x+5 );
>> ezplot(y) >> ezplot(y)
x2 + 5 x + 6
>> grid
x/(x+5)
80
3

70
2

60
1

50
0

40
-1
30
-2
20
-3
10
-4
0

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
x
x

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 Limit & differential
x3 +1
lim
x →0 x + 2
4

>> syms x syms x t

>> limit((x^3 + 1)/(x^4 + 2)) f = x^3+5*x^
2;
ans = g = sin(10*t);
1/2 diff(f)
diff(g)
lim (x + 5)
x →3 ans =
3*x^2 + 10*x
>> syms x
>> limit(x+5,3) ans =
ans = 10*cos(10*t)

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 Differential

ans =
syms x t
f = x^2; 2*x
g = sin(10*t);
diff(f) ans =
diff(g)
10*cos(10*t)

y = x + 2x + 6x + 5
3 2 y = 2(sin t ) 2

y' = ? y' = ?

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 Indefinite & definite integral

 dx
2
x
6

 cos xdx
2
>> int('x^2') x
−6
ans =
>> syms x
1/3*x^3 >> f = x^2*cos(x)

 asin (t)dt f=
x^2*cos(x)

>> a = int(f,-6,6)
>> int('a*sin(w*t)') a=
68*sin(6)+24*cos(6)
ans =
>> double(a)
-a/t*cos(w*t) ans =
4.0438
>> pretty(ans)

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 Laplace Transforms
>> syms t
f ( x) = t 2
>> f = t^2
f ( x) = t
>> syms t f=
>> laplace(t)
t^2
ans =

1/s^2 >> laplace(f)

ans =

2/s^3
>> ilaplace(ans
)
>> ilaplace(ans)
ans =
ans =
t
t^2

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 Equation solving

Jacobian matrics  f1 f1 

 x y 
 f1   x 2 + sin( xy ) + 1  
f = = 2   f 2 f 2 
 f2   y + e + 4 
xy
 x y 
>> syms x y
>> f=[x^2+sin(x*y)+1,y^2+exp(x*y)+4]
f=
sin(x*y) + x^2 + 1, exp(x*y) + y^2 + 4]

>> jacobian(f)
ans =
[ 2*x + y*cos(x*y), x*cos(x*y)]
[ y*exp(x*y), 2*y + x*exp(x*y)]

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