Module 1 Questions
remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating
RBT
[Link] Question CO
Level
Define Data Science and explain its relationship with Big Data. Why is
Data Science more than just Big Data technologies? Illustrate with a real-
world [Link]
A retail analytics startup collects terabytes of transaction, click-
stream, and customer demographic data using cloud platforms.
However, management claims that “Big Data alone will automatically
generate business insights.”
a) Critically analyze this statement.
1. b) Explain how Data Science complements Big Data technologies to A2 CO1
generate actionable intelligence.
c) Illustrate your answer with a real-world application.
OR
Define Data Science and explain its relationship with Big Data.
Why is Data Science more than just Big Data technologies? Illustrate with
a real-world example.
Explain the evolution of Data Science. Why is data science considered
2. L2
interdisciplinary? Illustrate with a real-world example from industry.
Data Science is often described as a “hyped” field in recent years.
Analyze the reasons behind this perception and explain how organizations
can move beyond the hype to achieve real value.
Or
Differentiate between Big Data hype and real value creation. Given a
healthcare dataset with patient logs, explain how “getting past the hype”
3. leads to actionable insights. E CO1
OR
“Big Data alone does not generate business value.”
Critically analyze this statement using a healthcare or retail analytics
scenario.
Explain how organizations can move beyond the hype to achieve
actionable insights.
RBT
[Link] Question CO
Level
Explain the role of a Data Scientist in:
a) Academia
4.
b) Industry
Highlight key differences in responsibilities and outcomes.
Explain the concept of Datafication. Discuss its implications in modern
data collection systems with suitable examples.
OR
Smart cities deploy IoT sensors, surveillance cameras, and mobile
applications to monitor citizens’ activities in real time.
a)Explain how this reflects the concept of Datafication.
b) Analyze its implications on data collection, personalization, and
privacy.
5. L3 CO1
c) Suggest safeguards for responsible data usage.
OR
Analyze the impact of datafication on modern decision-making systems.
How has datafication enabled AI-driven applications in smart cities?
OR
Explain the concept of Datafication. Analyze how datafication enables
AI-driven decision-making in smart cities, and discuss its implications
on privacy and personalization.
Describe the current landscape of perspectives on Data Science. Explain
6.
how it integrates statistics, computer science, and domain expertise.
Distinguish between a population and a sample, with suitable examples.
7. U1 CO1
Explain why sampling bias is critical in data science projects.
A dataset contains exam scores of 10,000 students.
Explain how you would:
Identify the population
8.
Draw a representative sample
Estimate the mean score
Justify your approach.
9. Explain statistical modeling with reference to populations, samples, and
overfitting. Illustrate the impact of overfitting on model performance.
RBT
[Link] Question CO
Level
Or
A predictive model performs exceptionally well on training data but
fails when deployed in real-world conditions.
a) Explain this behavior using concepts of population, sample, and
statistical modeling.
b) Analyze this behavior and explain overfitting and its mitigation
techniques.
Define probability distribution. Explain Normal and Poisson distributions
with suitable real-world examples.
Given a dataset following a normal distribution:
10. U1, A1 CO2
Mean = 50, SD = 10
Calculate and interpret the percentage of data lying between 40 and 60.
A call-center manager wants to model the number of incoming calls
per hour, while an education researcher studies students’ exam scores.
11. R1, U1 CO2
Identify suitable probability distributions for both scenarios and justify
your choices with reasoning.
Explain the Data Science process life cycle. Highlight the importance of
12.
feedback loops in improving models.
Explain the relational data model with a neat diagram. Describe tables,
rows, columns, and keys. Design a university database schema showing:
13. Primary key R1, U1 CO1
Foreign key
One-to-many relationship
Explain how SQL supports data preprocessing in data science
workflows.
Write SQL queries to:
14. 1. Create a student table
2. Insert records
3. Retrieve students with CGPA > 8
Evaluate the role of RDBMS and SQL in handling structured Big Data.
15.
Can SQL alone handle modern data science needs? Justify your answer.
RBT
[Link] Question CO
Level
Describe the R programming environment and explain basic data types
16.
supported by R.
Explain variables, constants, and identifier naming rules in R with
17. R1, U1 CO2
suitable examples.
18. List and describe arithmetic, relational, and logical operators in R. U1 CO2
What are vectors in R? Show operations like subsetting and functions
19. R1, U1 CO2
(mean, sd).
Module 2 Questions
RBT levels: R1=Remember, U1=Understand, A1=Apply, A2=Analyze.
RBT
[Link] Question CO
Level
Define Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and explain its philosophy as
proposed by John Tukey.
OR
Define Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA). Why is EDA considered a
mindset rather than merely a set of tools? Illustrate with suitable
1. examples. R1, U1 CO2
OR
Explain the role of EDA in identifying data distributions, outliers, and
data quality issues.
You are given a real-world dataset containing missing values, outliers,
and unknown distributions.
2. L3
Explain how EDA helps in understanding data characteristics before
model building, and justify the use of appropriate EDA techniques.
Outline the complete Data Science process, from raw data acquisition
to the feedback loop, with a neat diagram and an illustrative example.
3. L3 CO2
Also, analyze the differences between EDA and data visualization in
the context of the data science lifecycle.
Explain how a data scientist contributes across different stages of the
Data Science process.
4. U1, A1 CO2
Compare the Data Science process with the traditional scientific
method, highlighting similarities and differences.
5. Explain how data is used in the RealDirect case study for real estate U1, A1 CO2
decision-making.
OR
In the RealDirect case study, property prices, listings, and historical
trends are analyzed to support buyer and seller decisions. Explain
how data is transformed into insights and identify challenges unique to
real-estate data analytics.
Analyze the Real Direct (online real estate) case study. How did EDA
contribute to better business decisions?
RBT
[Link] Question CO
Level
OR
Analyze the RealDirect (online real estate) case study.
Explain how EDA and data analysis transform property listings, prices,
and historical trends into actionable insights.
OR
Discuss key data challenges in real-estate analytics and propose suitable
data science solutions.
Explain the working of Linear Regression with a suitable example.
Given the dataset:
X (size of house): [1000, 1500, 2000]
6. Y (price): [50, 75, 100] R1 CO3
Fit a simple linear regression model and interpret the result.
Also, discuss the limitations of Linear Regression in real-world
datasets.
Explain the k-means clustering algorithm and its objective function.
7. Given customer purchase behavior data, design a k-means-based
customer segmentation model and justify your choice of k.
Discuss the working of the k-NN algorithm. Given a test point and k=3,
8.
demonstrate how kNN classification works using Euclidean distance.
A company needs to predict house prices, classify customer
segments, and group similar users without labels. Select the
9.
appropriate algorithms from Linear Regression, k-NN, and k-means, and
justify your answer for each task.
Compare Linear Regression and k-NN in terms of bias, variance, and
10. scalability. Discuss how these factors influence algorithm selection in
large-scale data systems.
Compare statistical modeling and machine learning approaches in terms
11. A2 CO3
of assumptions, interpretability, and scalability, using suitable examples.
Explain the role of algorithms such as sorting, optimization, and
12. machine learning in the Data Science pipeline. Illustrate how U1 CO3
algorithmic efficiency impacts large-scale data systems.
Module3
RBT
[Link] Question CO
Level
Explain the spam filtering problem as a motivating application in Data
Science.
1. L3
Describe the key challenges involved in detecting spam emails and the
types of data used in spam filtering systems.
Why are Linear Regression and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN)
considered poor choices for spam filtering?
Analyze their limitations with respect to:
2. Nature of output
High dimensionality
Scalability
Real-world text data characteristics
Explain the Naïve Bayes classification algorithm based on Bayes’
Theorem.
3.
Why does Naïve Bayes work effectively for spam filtering, despite its
strong independence assumption?
Describe the step-by-step working of a Naïve Bayes spam filtering
system, including:
Text preprocessing
4. Feature representation
Training phase
Classification of a new email
Illustrate with a simple example.
Given a small dataset of emails labeled spam and not spam, compute the
5.
probability of a new email being spam using Naïve Bayes.
Evaluate the performance of Naïve Bayes in comparison with kNN for
6.
text classification problems.
7. Compare Naïve Bayes, Linear Regression, and k-NN for spam filtering
in terms of:
Accuracy
Computational efficiency
RBT
[Link] Question CO
Level
Interpretability
Suitability for high-dimensional data
Justify why Naïve Bayes is preferred.
Explain how probabilistic outputs improve decision-making in spam
filtering systems.
8.
Why is this aspect important when compared to distance-based or
regression-based classifiers?
Explain data wrangling and its importance in data science.
OR
9. Define Data Wrangling.
Explain why data wrangling is a critical step before applying machine
learning algorithms, especially in real-world applications such as spam
filtering.
Describe the role of APIs in data collection with a real-world example.
OR
10.
Explain how APIs are used for data collection in Data Science.
Describe the steps involved in collecting data from a REST API, and
discuss challenges such as rate limits, authentication, and data quality.
Explain the concept of web scraping. Discuss commonly used tools and
11. techniques for web scraping and analyze the ethical and legal
considerations involved.
Differentiate between API-based data collection and web scraping.
Compare them in terms of:
Reliability
12.
Scalability
Data structure
Legal compliance
Design a data wrangling pipeline to collect and prepare email text data
13. for spam filtering. Include steps such as data acquisition, cleaning,
transformation, and feature extraction.
Explain how unstructured web data is transformed into structured data
14.
suitable for machine learning.
RBT
[Link] Question CO
Level
Propose a complete spam detection system using Naïve Bayes, from
data collection to deployment.
OR
A company wants to monitor fake reviews on its platform. Design an
15. end-to-end spam filtering system using Naïve Bayes, starting from raw
email data collection to final classification.
OR
Evaluate a spam filtering system deployed in an email service. What
factors affect its accuracy?