Dr. Rami A.
Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-1
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Chapter 1:
“Introduction”
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-2
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Objectives:
Introduces different strengthening methods and
techniques for existing reinforced and prestressed
concrete structures.
To provide students with a general awareness of
strengthening materials and their potential uses.
Covers field applications of this Technology that
have been carried out during the last 20 years.
To provide information on some of the potential uses
of FRPs in civil engineering applications.
Outcomes:
1. Realize the different types of strengthening
materials (steel and FRP) and properties that affect
their use in concrete structures
2. Understand the recent advances in this Technology
Introduction: Why Strengthening of RC Structures is
needed ???
Humankind has used many building materials throughout
history: Stone, Timber, Steel and Concrete
• Modern urban landscape is now defined largely by steel and
concrete in Roads, sewers, highways, buildings, and bridges
Such Complex infrastructure systems qualifying health and
prosperity and maintain economic prosperity and quality of
life.
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-3
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
The existing public infrastructure of Canada, United States
Europe, and other developed countries has suffered from
decades of neglect and overuse, leading to the accelerated
deterioration of bridges, buildings, municipal and
transportation systems, and resulting in a situation that is
approaching a global infrastructure crisis.
Much of our infrastructure is unsatisfactory in some
respect, and public funds are not generally available for the
required replacement of existing structures or construction
of new ones.
Many structures, including bridges and parking garages,
have become structurally deficient due to deterioration.
In the US & Canada, more than 50% of the bridges
currently in use were built more than 40 years ago.
Many structures are also becoming functionally obsolete due
to increased loading.
Corrosion of reinforcing steel inside concrete is one of the
primary factors which have led to unsatisfactory state of
our infrastructure, which causes the delamination or spalling
of concrete, loss of steel reinforcement, and in some cases
failure.
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-4
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Fig. 1. Severely corroded reinforcing steel has resulted in
spalling of the concrete cover and exposure of the steel
reinforcement (ISIS Canada Module 4)
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-5
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Why Strengthening using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
(FRP) Materials???
Because owners cannot afford to upgrade and replace
existing structural members using conventional materials
and techniques (externally bonded steel plates) as have
been used in the past.
Engineers are looking to newer technologies and
rehabilitation schemes, such as externally bonded fiber-
reinforced polymer (FRP) materials via epoxy adhesives.
This technology will extend the useful lives of concrete
structures and reduce maintenance costs.
In the last twenty years, FRP materials have emerged as
promising alternative repair materials for reinforced
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-6
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
concrete structures, and they are rapidly becoming
materials of choice for strengthening and rehabilitation of
concrete infrastructure.
Longstanding reputation in automotive and aerospace
industries.
Over the past 15 years have FRP materials been increasingly
considered for civil infrastructure applications.
FRP costs have been decreased and currently considered
and recognized as recognized as effective and efficient
structural materials.
FRP plates or sheets can be bonded to the exterior of
concrete structures using high-strength epoxy adhesives to
provide tensile or confining reinforcement which
supplements that provided by internal reinforcing steel.
In addition, FRP strips, rods, and tendons can be inserted
with epoxy adhesives into grooves cut in structural
members in an application called near-surface mounting
(NSM).
FRP materials are: non-corrosive and non-magnetic, and
can thus be used to eliminate the corrosion problems
invariably encountered with conventional repair materials
such as externally-bonded steel plates.
In addition, FRPs are extremely light, strong, highly
versatile, and comparatively easy to install, making them
ideal materials for the repair and strengthening of concrete
structures.
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-7
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
FRP Advantages (over classical steel):
Increased use of FRPs in infrastructure applications attributable
to:
Will not corrode electrochemically (durability)
High strength-to-weight ratio
Electromagnetically inert
Ease and speed of installation
Ability to tailor mechanical properties (versatility)
Low thermal conductivity
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-8
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
FRP Disadvantages:
FRPs are linear elastic materials (Brittle)
High initial material cost (without considering life cycle
costs).
Poor Fire resistant of epoxy adhesives. Would lead to loss
of bond from concrete substrata when reaching the glass
transition temperature (60-80 °C). Thus FRP materials
should be protected (insulated).
The main disadvantage of externally strengthening
structures with FRP is the risk of fire, vandalism or
accidental damage, unless the strengthening is protected.
In the eyes of many clients, lack of the experience of the
strengthening techniques and suitably qualified staff to
carry out the work.
FRP Materials in Construction:
FRP material is a composite made of high-strength fibers
and a matrix for binding these fibers to fabricate
structural shapes.
Common Fiber types include:
o Carbon (CFRP): most commonly used
o Glass (GFRP)
o Aramid (AFRP)
o Basalt (BFRP)
o High Strength Steel (HSS)
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-9
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Common matrices are epoxies and esters. Inorganic
matrices have also been evaluated for use in fire-resistant
composites.
The composite has been successfully used to retrofit all basic
structural components, namely, beams, columns, slabs, and
walls. In addition, strengthening schemes have been carried out
for unique applications such as storage tanks and chimneys.
These advanced materials may be applied to the existing
structures to increase any or several of the following properties:
Axial, flexural, or shear load capacities
Ductility for improved seismic performance
Improved durability against adverse environmental
effects
Increased fatigue life
Stiffness for reduced deflections under service and
design loads
In most cases, the FRP composites are applied manually using
hand-impregnation technique (hand lay-up).
This process involves placing successive plies of resin-
impregnated reinforcement in position by hand. Squeegees and
grooved rollers are used to densify the FRP structure and
remove much of the entrapped air.
Delamination or debonding failure might occur. To prevent such
incidents, a denser FRP must be used in order to remove all air
voids within the composite using the following two methods:
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-10
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Vacuum-assisted impregnation (vacuum bagging) and pressure
bag molding (pressure bagging).
Vacuum bags apply additional pressure to the composite and aid
in the removal of entrapped air, as shown in Figure 1.1. Pressure
bags also invoke the use of pressure but are considerably more
complex and expensive to operate.
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-11
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Recent Advances:
Several advances in the last decade have been made in the area
of materials and design procedure. The following are
recommended design guidelines (always check and seek latest
reports since this technology is still developing and changes are
being made frequently to design documents to incorporate recent
findings):
American Concrete Institute (ACI-440)
Japan Concrete Institute (JCI)
ISIS Canada
In the area of fibers, the major development is the reduction in
the cost of carbon fibers. Other advances include development
of high-modulus (up to 690 GPa) carbon fibers and high-strength
glass fibers. In the case of matrix, the major advance is the
development of an inorganic matrix, which is fire- and UV-
resistant.
Common FRP Strengthening Applications:
There are currently three main applications for the use of FRPs
as external reinforcement of RC structures:
Flexural Strengthening
Shear Strengthening
Columns (Confining Reinforcement)
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-12
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Flexural Strengthening: FRP materials are bonded to the tension
faces of a RC beam to provide additional tensile reinforcement
and to increase the strength of the member in bending as shown
below. The fibers are oriented along the longitudinal axis of the
beam
Shallow beams are typically strengthened in flexure by
externally bonding FRP plates or sheets on the tension face or
soffit of the member, as shown in Figure below:
Fig.2. Strengthening the soffit of inverted reinforced concrete beam with CFRP
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-13
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Full composite action between the beam and FRP is usually
assumed.
However, this perfect bond typically depends on the shear
stiffness of the interface adhesive.
Most resin adhesives yield excellent bond characteristics
with concrete and FRP, leading to perfect composite action.
On the other hand, some resin adhesives have low lap shear
stiffness, leading to bond slip between FRP and the
concrete beam, thus reducing the composite action
With full composite action, glass FRP (GFRP) and aramid
FRP (AFRP) do not increase the initial stiffness of the
beam due to their relatively low modulus along the fiber
direction.
On the other hand, carbon FRP (CFRP) slightly increases
the initial stiffness of the beam due to its high modulus
along the fiber direction.
Accordingly, this application is not used to stiffen the
beams; instead, it is used to strengthen the beam due to
the high strength of FRP materials available in practice.
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-14
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Fig. 3. Response of unstrengthened and CFRP-strengthened identical beams showing
limited stiffening compared to strengthening
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-15
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Flexural failure modes may be classified as:
1. FRP rupture failure after yielding of primary steel
reinforcement. This failure mode typically takes place in
lightly reinforced, lightly strengthened.
Fig. 4. Failure of the strengthened beam with Basalt (BFRP) Composite Sheets
2. Concrete crushing failure after yielding of primary steel
reinforcement. This failure mode typically occurs in
moderately reinforced, moderately strengthened sections.
Fig. 5. Failure by concrete crushing
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-16
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
3. Cover delamination failure primarily occurring after
yielding of steel reinforcement. This failure mode
initiates at the FRP curtailment due to stress
concentration at the plate or sheet tip. Once cracking
starts at an angle, it changes to a horizontal crack parallel
to steel reinforcement at the level of primary steel
because the steel stirrups inside the beam arrest the
inclined crack. The FRP and the entire concrete cover
delaminates.
Fig. 6. Failure by concrete cover delamination
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-17
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
4. Plate or sheet debonding along the interface plane due to
the intermediate crack mechanism typically after yielding
of primary steel reinforcement when the flexural cracks
widen. The horizontal crack occurs along the adhesive
layer or parallel to it within the concrete cover. This
failure mode is especially applicable to beams with end U-
wrap anchorage, thus delaying failure in item 3.
5. Concrete crushing failure for over-reinforced beams or
cover delamination failure in beams with short FRP plates
prior to primary steel yielding
Shallow beams may also be strengthened with near-surface-
mounted (NSM) bars. This strengthening reinforcement is
typically made of FRP bars or FRP tape inserted in near-
surface cut grooves and then sealed with resin adhesive that
fills the groove surrounding the bar or tape.
FRP in this application behaves similarly to externally bonded FRP
plates and sheets. However, failure modes are typically limited to
1. FRP rupture after yielding of primary steel.
2. Concrete crushing after yielding of primary steel.
3. Concrete crushing before yielding of primary steel
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-18
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Fig. 7. Strengthening identical beams with (a) CFRP tape and (b) NSM bars
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-19
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Shear Strengthening: FRP materials are bonded to the side
faces of a concrete beam (often in the form of U-wraps) to
provide shear reinforcement which supplements that provided by
the internal steel stirrups as shown in the Figure below. The
fibers are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the
beam or with 45 angles.
Fig. 8. External shear strengthening of concrete beams: (a) 90° U-wrap sheets and (b)
45° side sheets
The design of shear strengthened members with FRP is
treated the same way as the design of steel stirrups used
as shear reinforcement in beams.
The only different design requirement is that the effective
FRP strain at failure needs to be identified as opposed to
using the yielding strength in the case of steel stirrups.
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-20
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Failure modes range from FRP fracture for fully wrapped
beams to shear debonding for beams with U-wrapped or
side-bonded FRP.
The effective FRP strain at fracture or debonding is
significantly lower than the ultimate tensile strain of FRP
due to spots of high stress concentrations, which lead to
premature fracture of FRP or peeling off through the
concrete near the FRP–concrete interface.
The effective FRP strain decreases with increasing axial
stiffness of the FRP (ρfEf).
It was also reported by some investigators that FRP
contribution to shear capacity does not increase beyond
ρfEf = 0.4 GPa (58 ksi).
Column Confining Reinforcement: columns are wrapped in the
circumferential direction with FRP sheets as shown in the Figure
below. Under compressive axial load, the column expands
(dilates) laterally and the FRP sheets develop a tensile
“confining” stress that places the concrete in a state of triaxial
stress. This significantly increases the strength and ductility
of the concrete and the column. The fibers are most commonly
oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the member.
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-21
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
Field Applications:
A large number of field applications have been carried out during
the last 20 years. The majority of the initial uses were in Japan,
followed by applications in Europe and North America and Gulf
Region.
Popular applications: are rehabilitation of bridges to improve
earthquake resistance, repair and rehabilitation of parking
structures, strengthening of unreinforced walls, and
rehabilitation of miscellaneous structures such as tunnels,
chimneys, and industrial structures such as liquid retaining tanks
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-22
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-23
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-24
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-25
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-26
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh
Dr. Rami A. Hawileh CVE 524 Page 1-27
“Design of Strengthened Concrete Structures”
References: 1) Balaguru P., Nanni A, and Giancaspro “FRP Composites for RC and PC Structures” 2009, Taylor & Francis
2) ISIS Canada Module 2&4 „An Introduction to FRP Composites for Construction‟,
3) Teng JG., Chen JF., Smith ST., and Lam L. “ FRP Strengthened RC Structures” 2002, Wiley.
4) Strengthening Design of Reinforced Concrete with FRP, by Hayder A. Rasheed, Taylor & Francis Group, 2015
Prepared by: Dr. Rami Hawileh