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Core Java Interview Notes Detailed Aditya

The document provides a comprehensive overview of core Java interview questions and answers, covering key topics such as OOP concepts, string handling, collections framework, exception handling, multithreading, memory management, Java 8 features, design patterns, and miscellaneous concepts. It includes definitions, differences, examples, and explanations of various Java features and principles. This resource serves as a detailed guide for candidates preparing for Java-related interviews.

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6 views3 pages

Core Java Interview Notes Detailed Aditya

The document provides a comprehensive overview of core Java interview questions and answers, covering key topics such as OOP concepts, string handling, collections framework, exception handling, multithreading, memory management, Java 8 features, design patterns, and miscellaneous concepts. It includes definitions, differences, examples, and explanations of various Java features and principles. This resource serves as a detailed guide for candidates preparing for Java-related interviews.

Uploaded by

shreyadesai190
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Core Java Interview Questions and Answers

(Detailed Notes) - Aditya Bamanikar

1. OOPs Concepts
Q1. What are the four pillars of OOPs?

Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, Polymorphism.

Q2. Difference between abstraction and encapsulation?

Abstraction hides implementation; encapsulation binds data and methods.

Q3. Overloading vs Overriding:

Overloading → compile-time; Overriding → runtime.

Example:

class A { void show(int a) {} }

class B extends A { @Override void show(int a) {} }

2. String Handling
Q4. Why are Strings immutable?

Because they are stored in String Constant Pool for caching and security.

Q5. Difference between String, StringBuilder, StringBuffer:

String – immutable; StringBuilder – mutable, non-thread-safe; StringBuffer – thread-safe.

Example:

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Hi"); [Link](" Java");

3. Collections Framework
Q6. Difference between List, Set, and Map:

List – ordered, duplicates; Set – unordered, no duplicates; Map – key-value pairs.

Q7. HashMap vs TreeMap:

HashMap – unordered, allows null, faster; TreeMap – sorted, no nulls, slower.

Q8. Internal working of HashMap:

Uses hashCode() to locate bucket; collisions resolved using linked list or tree (Java 8+).
4. Exception Handling
Q9. Checked vs Unchecked Exceptions:

Checked – compile-time (IOException); Unchecked – runtime (NullPointerException).

Q10. throw vs throws:

throw – used to throw exception; throws – declares exception.

Q11. Example:

void read() throws IOException { throw new IOException("error"); }

5. Multithreading
Q12. Creating a Thread:

1. Extend Thread
2. Implement Runnable

Q13. start() vs run():

start() creates new thread; run() executes in same thread.

Q14. Synchronization:

Ensures one thread accesses a shared resource at a time using synchronized keyword.

6. Memory Management & Garbage Collection


Q15. Java Memory Areas:

Stack – method calls/local vars; Heap – objects.

Q16. Garbage Collection:

Automatic cleanup of unused objects.

Q17. Request GC:

[Link](); // request JVM

7. Java 8 Features
Q18. Major Features: Lambda, Stream API, Optional, Default methods.

Q19. Lambda Expression:

(x, y) -> x + y;

Q20. Stream Example:

[Link]().filter(x -> x > 10).forEach([Link]::println);


8. Design Patterns
Q21. Singleton Pattern:

Ensures single instance of class.

Example:

class Singleton { private static Singleton obj; private Singleton(){} public static Singleton
getInstance(){ if(obj==null)obj=new Singleton(); return obj;} }

Q22. DAO Pattern:

Separates data access from business logic using Data Access Object class.

9. Miscellaneous
Q23. == vs equals():

== checks reference; equals() checks content.

Q24. final, finally, finalize():

final – constant, finally – block in exception, finalize() – before GC.

Q25. volatile:

Ensures variable visibility across threads.

Q26. transient:

Prevents serialization of a field.

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