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The document discusses the design and types of conveyance and cross drainage structures essential for irrigation systems, which facilitate water transport while navigating natural obstacles. It categorizes these structures into three types based on their relative bed levels: Type I (canal over drainage), Type II (drainage over canal), and Type III (intersecting at the same level). Additionally, it describes various water conveyance structures, including open canals, flumes, culverts, drops, and inverted siphons.

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4 views2 pages

CD Example

The document discusses the design and types of conveyance and cross drainage structures essential for irrigation systems, which facilitate water transport while navigating natural obstacles. It categorizes these structures into three types based on their relative bed levels: Type I (canal over drainage), Type II (drainage over canal), and Type III (intersecting at the same level). Additionally, it describes various water conveyance structures, including open canals, flumes, culverts, drops, and inverted siphons.

Uploaded by

ibro
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Conveyance and Cross Drainage Structure: Introduction; Types of Conveyance and


Cross Drainage Structures; Design of Conveyance and Cross Drainage Structure; Design
of Aqueducts; Design of Flumes and Chutes.
Water conveyance and cross drainage structures are essential components of irrigation systems, ensuring
that water can be transported from a source to agricultural fields while navigating obstacles like natural
streams, rivers, and roads.
Types of Cross Drainage Structures
These structures are primarily classified by the relative bed levels of the canal and the natural drainage.
1. Canal Passes Over the Drainage (Type I)
In this configuration, the canal is carried over a natural stream using a trough supported by piers.
 Aqueduct: Used when the bed level of the canal is higher than the High Flood Level (HFL) of
the drainage, allowing water to flow freely under gravity.
 Siphon Aqueduct: Constructed when the HFL of the drainage is higher than the canal bed level.
The drainage water must pass under the canal through "barrels" under syphonic pressure.
2. Drainage Passes Over the Canal (Type II)
The natural drain is carried in a trough above the irrigation canal.
 Super Passage: Suitable when the bed level of the drainage is higher than the Full Supply Level
(FSL) of the canal. The canal water flows freely with a free surface.
 Canal Siphon: Used when the canal's FSL is higher than the drainage bed level. The canal water
is forced through a depressed section under the drainage trough via syphonic action.
3. Intersecting at the Same Level (Type III)
The canal and drainage meet at approximately the same bed level, often allowing the waters to mix.
 Level Crossing: A large canal and a major stream meet at the same level. Regulators are used on
both the canal and the stream to control the discharge for each.
 Inlet and Outlet: Adopted for small streams; the drain water enters the canal through
an Inlet and, after some distance, a portion is released through an Outlet to meet the original
stream path.
Water Conveyance Structures
These are used to transport water through various terrains and obstacles within the distribution network.
 Open Canals: The primary method for long-distance water transport, categorized into ridge,
contour, or side-slope canals.
 Flumes: Open channels, often made of concrete or steel, used to carry water across ravines or
gullies.
 Culverts: Closed conduits, like pipe or box culverts, that allow water to flow beneath
embankments or roads.
 Drops (Falls): Hydraulic structures built to lower the water level where the ground slope is
steeper than the designed canal bed slope, dissipating excess energy.
 Inverted Siphons: Used to convey water under a road or valley when a standard culvert isn't
feasible due to level differences.

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