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Sensor

A strain gauge is a sensor that measures mechanical strain by converting deformation into an electrical signal through a change in resistance. It operates by being bonded to a material, where its resistance changes in response to stretching or compressing, which is then measured using a Wheatstone bridge and amplified. The document outlines the principle of operation, the effects of strain on resistance, and the components involved in an experimental setup for measuring strain.

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2 views3 pages

Sensor

A strain gauge is a sensor that measures mechanical strain by converting deformation into an electrical signal through a change in resistance. It operates by being bonded to a material, where its resistance changes in response to stretching or compressing, which is then measured using a Wheatstone bridge and amplified. The document outlines the principle of operation, the effects of strain on resistance, and the components involved in an experimental setup for measuring strain.

Uploaded by

banora.monster
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

• What is a Strain Gauge?

➢ A strain gauge is a sensor used to measure mechanical


strain—that is, how much an object stretches or compresses
when a force is applied to it.

➢ It converts mechanical deformation → electrical signal


(change in resistance).

• Step-by-step operation:
1. The strain gauge is glued (bonded) to the surface of a material (beam,
structure, load cell).

2. When the material is stretched or compressed, the strain gauge deforms


with the same amount of strain.

3. This deformation causes the electrical resistance of the gauge to


change.

4. The resistance change is very small, so it is measured using a


Wheatstone bridge and amplified

1
Principle of Work
➢ The strain gauge works on the principle:

Electrical resistance of a conductor changes when its length


or cross-section changes.

Electrical resistance:
𝐿
𝑅=𝜌
𝐴
Where:

• 𝑅= resistance
• 𝜌= resistivity
• 𝐿= length
• 𝐴= cross-sectional area

Why Does the Resistance Change?


Geometrical Effect (Main Effect in Metal Gauges)

When you apply tensile strain (stretching):


• Length increases ↑ 𝐿
• Area decreases ↓ 𝐴
• ⇒ Resistance increases

When you apply compressive strain (compression):


• Length decreases
• Area increases
• ⇒ Resistance decreases

This is the main reason resistance changes in metal foil strain gauges.
2
The experiment at YC 998 series
sensor

Component :

1) strain gauge.
2) Wheatstone bridge.
3) Operational amplifier.
4) Dc power supple.
5) Voltmeter.

▪ Strain gauge converts mechanical strain into resistance


change
▪ Wheatstone bridge converts resistance change into a
small voltage difference.
▪ Differential amplifier amplifies this voltage, which is
finally displayed by the voltmeter.

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