Deflections
2/25/2024 Lecturers: Qahar Mustafa Abdullah And Sevar Dilkhaz Salaheddin 1
Objective and Outcomes
• In this Lecture we will show how to determine the elastic deflections of a beam
using the method of double integration and two important geometrical methods,
namely, the moment-area theorems and the conjugate-beam method.
• Double integration is used to obtain equations which define the slope and the
elastic curve.
• The geometric methods provide a way to obtain the slope and deflection at specific
points on the beam.
• Each of these methods has particular advantages or disadvantages, which will be
discussed when each method is presented.
Lecturers: Qahar Mustafa Abdullah And Sevar Dilkhaz
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Deflection Diagrams and the Elastic Curve
• Deflections of structures can occur from various sources, such as loads, temperature,
fabrication errors, or settlement.
• In design, deflections must be limited in order to provide integrity and stability of
roofs, and prevent cracking of attached brittle materials such as concrete, plaster or
glass.
• Furthermore, a structure must not vibrate or deflect severely in order to “appear” safe
for its occupants.
• More important, though, deflections at specified points in a structure must be
determined if one is to analyze statically indeterminate structures.
• The deflections to be considered throughout this text apply only to structures having
linear elastic material response. Under this condition, a structure subjected to a load
will return to its original undeformed position after the load is removed.
Lecturers: Qahar Mustafa Abdullah And Sevar Dilkhaz
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• However, the greatest deflections are most often caused by internal
bending, whereas internal axial forces cause the deflections of a truss.
• Before the slope or displacement of a point on a beam or frame is
determined, it is often helpful to sketch the deflected shape of the
structure when it is loaded in order to partially check the results.
• it is necessary to know the restrictions as to slope or displacement
that often occur at a support or a connection
Lecturers: Qahar Mustafa Abdullah And Sevar Dilkhaz
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Lecturers: Qahar Mustafa Abdullah And Sevar Dilkhaz
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• If the elastic curve seems difficult to establish, it is suggested that
the moment diagram for the beam or frame be drawn first.
• if the shape of the moment diagram is known, it will be easy
to construct the elastic curve and vice versa.
• In particular, there must be an inflection point at the point
where the curve changes from concave down to concave up,
since this is a point of zero moment.
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Lecturers: Qahar Mustafa Abdullah And Sevar Dilkhaz
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EXAMPLE
Draw the deflected shape of each of
the beams shown in Fig. 8–5.
SOLUTION
In Fig. 8–5a the roller at A allows free rotation with no
deflection while the fixed wall at B prevents both rotation
and deflection. The deflected shape is shown by the bold line.
In Fig. 8–5b, no rotation or deflection can occur at A and B. In
Fig. 8–5c, the couple moment will rotate end A. This will
cause deflections at both ends of the beam since no
deflection is possible at B and C. Notice that segment CD
remains undeformed (a straight line) since no internal load
acts within it. In Fig. 8–5d, the pin (internal hinge) at B allows
free rotation, and so the slope of the deflection curve will
suddenly change at this point while the beam is constrained
by its support. In Fig. 8–5e, the compound beam deflects as
shown. The slope abruptly changes on each side of the pin at
B. Finally, in Fig. 8–5f, span BC will defect concave upwards
due to the load. Since the beam is continuous, the end spans
will deflect concave downwards.
Lecturers: Qahar Mustafa Abdullah And Sevar Dilkhaz
2/25/2024 8
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EXAMPLE 2.
SOLUTION:
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Lecturers: Qahar Mustafa Abdullah And Sevar Dilkhaz
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Elastic-Beam Theory
In this section we will develop two important differential equations that relate the internal moment in a beam
to the displacement and slope of its elastic curve. These equations form the basis for the deflection methods
presented in this lecture, and for this reason the assumptions and limitations used in their development
should be fully understood.
Lecturers: Qahar Mustafa Abdullah And Sevar Dilkhaz
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The Double Integration Method
Boundary and Continuity Conditions.
The constants of integration are determined by evaluating the functions
for slope or displacement at a particular point on the beam where the
value of the function is known. These values are called boundary
conditions. For example, if the beam is supported by a roller or pin,
then it is required that the displacement be zero at these points. Also,
at a fixed support the slope and displacement are both zero.
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EXAMPLE
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EXAMPLE
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Moment-Area Theorems
Theorem 1: The change in slope between any two points on the
elastic curve equals the area of the M/EI diagram between these two
points.
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EXAMPLE
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EXAMPLE
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Have a time to watch the video from this link, that related to our lecture
[Link]
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