MARKING KEY FOR RESEARCH (20marks)
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. A
10. D
11. D
12. B
13. B
14. B
15. D
16. A
17. A
18. D
19. B
20. C
PART B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 40 MARKS
1. State six (6) ethical issues considered when conducting research (6marks)
i. Obtain informed consent from patients and respect their autonomy.
ii. Ensure privacy and confidentiality for all patient information collected.
iii. Be sensitive to emotional and psychological impacts on participants.
iv. Ensure that participation does not affect the quality of care patients receive.
v. Provide support resources for participants if the study content is distressing.
vi. Seek ethical approval from an institutional review board (IRB) before starting the
study.
2. A researcher is interested in examining the effectiveness of a new patient education
program on medication adherence among diabetic patients. What six (6) study designs
could she consider giving a reason for each design. (6marks)
Randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare the new program against standard
education.
Quasi-experimental design if randomization is not feasible.
Cohort study to follow patients exposed to the program over time.
Cross-sectional survey to gather data on patient adherence and knowledge at a
single point in time.
Case-control study to identify factors associated with adherence among patients
who participate and those who don’t.
Qualitative interviews to explore patient perceptions of the education program in-
depth.
3. A researcher working in a hospital observes that many patients experience prolonged
stays due to wound infections post-surgery. She is interested in exploring the cause.
Determine six (6) steps should she take to define a researchable problem.
(6marks)
Review existing literature on wound infections and prolonged hospital stays.
Identify specific factors (e.g., infection control practices, patient demographics)
associated with wound infections in her setting.
Consult with other healthcare providers and infection control specialists to refine
her research question.
Formulate a clear, focused research question that addresses a gap in existing
knowledge.
Develop a hypothesis based on initial observations and background information.
Seek feedback from her supervisor or a research mentor to refine her research
topic.
4. Clarify six (6) steps to be taken in analyzing data in research (6marks)
i. Organize and clean the data to ensure accuracy and completeness.
ii. Use descriptive statistics to summarize demographic data and key variables.
iii. Conduct inferential statistical tests (e.g., t-tests, chi-square tests) to test
hypotheses.
iv. Use thematic analysis for qualitative data if she collected interviews or open-
ended responses.
v. Ensure data analysis aligns with the research objectives and questions.
vi. Interpret results in the context of existing literature and study limitations.
5. A hospital wants to survey its staff to assess the prevalence of burnout and identify
contributing factors. The results will inform initiatives to support staff well-being.
Examine six (6) factors that should be included in the survey to get a comprehensive
view of burnout among staff
(6marks)
Workload and shift patterns.
Level of support from management.
Opportunities for professional development.
Personal health and self-care practices.
Patient-to-nurse ratio.
Availability of mental health resources.
6. Identify five (5) common barriers to nursing research participation among clinical health
workers (5marks)
Lack of time for research activities
Limited knowledge of research methods
Insufficient access to research materials
Perception that research is not part of the role
Limited institutional support
7. State five (5) key factors influencing health workers adherence to evidence-based
practice
(5marks)
Knowledge and skills level
Support from leadership
Access to resources
Time constraints
Patient population characteristics
Organizational culture
PART C LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS 40 MARKS
1. KMTC as a fast-growing college globally one of its key results areas is digital
transformation. What impact has digital technology had on research at KMTC and what
are the potential future trends? (Each point 2 marks maximum ten points) (20MARKS)
Increased accessibility to research databases and journals.
Facilitates data collection through electronic health records (EHRs).
Enables use of wearable devices for real-time data.
Allows for telemedicine studies to assess remote care.
Improves accuracy and speed of data analysis with software tools.
Enhances patient engagement through online surveys and apps.
Supports large-scale population studies through big data.
Promotes data sharing and collaboration across regions.
Integrates artificial intelligence for predictive analytics.
Future trends may include virtual reality in simulations for personalized care.
2. Discuss ways in which nursing research influence policy-making in healthcare
(Each point 2 marks maximum ten points)
(20MARKS)
Provides data to support policy recommendations.
Highlights critical healthcare issues requiring attention.
Influences allocation of funding for health services.
Drives the creation of evidence-based health regulations.
Advocates for patients' rights and quality care standards.
Guides the development of nursing practice standards.
Informs health policies addressing specific health conditions.
Demonstrates the effectiveness of preventive care models.
Helps shape public health campaigns and education programs.
Encourages collaboration between policymakers and healthcare providers.