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Perception

Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment, influenced by both stimulus and personal factors. Key principles of perceptual organization include Gestalt rules such as figure-ground, similarity, closure, proximity, simplicity, and continuity. Faulty perception can occur through camouflage, illusions, and phenomena like déjà vu and hallucinations.

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6 views14 pages

Perception

Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory impressions to give meaning to the environment, influenced by both stimulus and personal factors. Key principles of perceptual organization include Gestalt rules such as figure-ground, similarity, closure, proximity, simplicity, and continuity. Faulty perception can occur through camouflage, illusions, and phenomena like déjà vu and hallucinations.

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ab5209076
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Perception

Definition

 Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory


impressions in order to give meaning to their environment (giving meaning to
sensation).
Factors influencing perception: “Perceptual
Organization”

 We are confronted with millions of pieces of stimuli each day, what and how we
perceive is through what is called “perceptual organization” which depend on:

I. Stimulus factors
II-Personal factors
Stimulus factors

 Structuralists: believe that you add together hundreds

of basic elements to form complex perceptions


Gestaltists:
 believe our brains follow a set of rules that specify how individual elements
are to be organized into a meaningful pattern, or perception.
 When confronted with complex shapes, we tend
to reorganize them into simpler components or
into a simpler whole. You’re more likely to see
the image above composed of the simple square,
triangle and circle. In this case, seeing three
distinct objects is simpler than seeing one
complex object.
Gestalt Organizational rules:

 specify how our brains combine and organize individual


pieces or elements into a meaningful perception. It
includes:
Gestalt Organizational rules

 Figure-ground: In organizing stimuli, we tend to automatically


distinguish between a figure and a ground
a. Similarity: We group together elements that appear
similar
b. Closure: We tend to fill in any missing parts of
a figure and see the figure as complete
c. Proximity: We group together objects that are
physically close to one another
d. Simplicity: Stimuli are organized in the simplest way
possible.
e. Continuity: We tend to favor the smooth or continuous
paths when interpreting a series of points or lines
II-Personal factors:
1- Habit & Familiarity
2- Set
3-Emotions
4-Aesthetic factors‫العوامل الجماليه‬
5-Suggestion
6-Drive & motivations.
Faulty perception
1. Camouflage: making others unable (blind) to perceive a stimulus.
 Examples: -Animals & Birds, and in the Army.
 Mechani[Link] embedding, prolongation,

avoiding figure/background contrast…etc


Illusion: “Misinterpretation of a real stimulus”

 Causes:
a. Physical causes: mirror, echo ...etc
b. Set & Expectation: telephone ring / door bell
Types:
According to different sensation: auditory, visuall, ofactory…etc
De Ja VU and Jamais Vu phenomena :
 Déjà vu: Recognition of a foreign subject as familiar
 Jamais vu phenomena: Denial of a well-known subject

Hallucinations: “Mental impression of sensory vividness in absence of a stimulus”.


 Causes: Pathological
 Types: according to different sensation:
 Auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile, gustatory

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