Name -: Ayush Vaish

Branch -: Computer Science Sec -: “B”

Uniq Id/Roll No. -: 202401100100087/2400290120086

Lab 3: Running and using services/commands like

ifconfig, ping, traceroute, nslookup, telnet, ftp, etc.

1) Ipconfig
ipconfig is a Windows Command Prompt command used to view
and manage network configuration details of your system.

Show me how my computer is connected to the network

Shows detailed information, like:

• MAC address (Physical Address)

• DHCP enabled or not
• DNS servers
• Lease time
 2) Ipconfig/all
It shows complete and detailed network configuration of every
network adapter on your Windows system (Wi-Fi, Ethernet,
Bluetooth, Virtual adapters, etc.).

Important fields explained (one by one)

Host Name

• Name of your computer on the network

Physical Address (MAC Address)

• Unique hardware address of the network card

• Example: 00-1A-2B-3C-4D-5E
 • Used for device identification and filtering

DHCP Enabled

• Yes → Router assigns IP automatically (most common)

• No → Static IP is manually set

IPv4 Address

• Your system’s local IP

• Example: [Link]
• Used inside your local network

Subnet Mask

• Defines the network range

• Example: [Link]

Default Gateway

• Router’s IP address
• Path from your system → internet 🌐

DNS Servers

• Servers that convert domain names → IP addresses

• Example: Google DNS ([Link])

DHCP Server

• Device that gave your IP (usually the router)

 3) Nslookup
nslookup stands for Name Server Lookup.

It’s used to query DNS servers to find the IP address of a domain

name (or vice-versa).

What information does it show?

🔹 Server

• DNS server that answered your query

• Example: [Link]

🔹 Name

• The domain you searched

• Example: [Link]

🔹 Address

• IP address of the domain

• Can be multiple IPs (load balancing)

Tracert Command
The tracert command (short for Trace Route) is a network diagnostic utility used to determine the path
taken by data packets from a source computer to a specified destination, such as a website or server. It
helps in identifying network delays, packet loss, and routing issues by displaying each intermediate
router (hop) along the route.

Purpose of Tracert
• To identify the route taken by packets across a network

• To detect network latency and bottlenecks

• To troubleshoot connectivity and routing problems

Syntax
tracert <destination>

Example
tracert [Link]

Output Explanation
The output of the tracert command displays:

• Hop Number: The sequence number of each router in the path

• Round Trip Time (RTT): Time taken for packets to reach the hop and return (in milliseconds)

• IP Address / Hostname: Address of each intermediate router

If a hop shows * * *, it indicates that the router did not respond within the time limit.

Advantages
• Helps locate network failures and delays

• Useful for diagnosing routing problems

• Simple and easy to use

Conclusion
The tracert command is an essential network troubleshooting tool that provides visibility into the path
and performance of network connections. It is commonly used by network administrators to analyze
and resolve connectivity issues.
NetStat Command
The netstat command (short for Network Statistics) is a network diagnostic tool used to display
information about active network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, and listening ports on
a system. It is widely used for monitoring network performance and troubleshooting connectivity issues.

Purpose of NetStat
• To display active network connections

• To identify listening ports and services

• To monitor network traffic and statistics

• To troubleshoot network-related problems

Syntax
netstat [options]

Commonly Used NetStat Options

Option Description

-a Displays all active connections and listening ports

-n Displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form

-o Shows the Process ID (PID) associated with each connection

-r Displays the routing table

Option Description

-e Displays Ethernet statistics

Examples
netstat -a

netstat -an

netstat -ano

Output Explanation
The output of the netstat command provides the following information:

• Protocol: Type of protocol used (TCP/UDP)

• Local Address: IP address and port number of the local system

• Foreign Address: Remote system’s IP address and port

• State: Current state of the connection (e.g., LISTENING, ESTABLISHED)

Advantages
• Helps monitor active network connections

• Identifies unauthorized or suspicious network activity

• Assists in troubleshooting network and application issues

Conclusion
The netstat command is a powerful network monitoring tool that provides detailed insights into system
network activity. It is commonly used by system administrators to analyze network connections, detect
issues, and ensure secure communication.
SystemInfo Command
The systeminfo command is a Windows command-line utility used to display detailed configuration and
hardware information about a computer system. It provides comprehensive data related to the
operating system, processor, memory, BIOS, network adapters, and installed updates. This command is
commonly used for system diagnostics and administrative purposes.

Purpose of SystemInfo
• To view detailed system configuration information

• To identify hardware and software specifications

• To check operating system version and build details

• To assist in troubleshooting system-related issues

Syntax
systeminfo

Example
systeminfo

Output Explanation
The output of the systeminfo command includes the following information:

• Host Name: Name of the computer

• OS Name and Version: Installed operating system details

• System Manufacturer and Model: Hardware vendor information

• Processor: CPU type and speed

• Installed Physical Memory (RAM): Total available memory

• BIOS Version: Firmware details

• Network Adapter(s): Network configuration information

• Hotfix(s): Installed updates and patches

Advantages
• Provides a complete overview of system specifications

• Useful for system audits and documentation

• Helps in diagnosing compatibility and performance issues

Conclusion

The systeminfo command is an essential Windows utility that offers detailed insights into both hardware
and software components of a system. It is widely used by system administrators and support
professionals for system analysis, troubleshooting, and maintenance.

Ping Command
The ping command is a network diagnostic utility used to test the reachability of a host on an Internet
Protocol (IP) network. It measures the round-trip time taken for data packets to travel from the source
computer to the destination host and back, helping in diagnosing network connectivity and latency
issues.

Purpose of Ping
• To check whether a host is reachable on the network

• To measure network latency and response time

• To detect packet loss in a network

• To troubleshoot network connectivity problems

Syntax
ping <destination>

Example
ping [Link]

Output Explanation
The output of the ping command includes:

• Bytes: Size of the data packet sent

• Time: Round-trip time taken for the packet (in milliseconds)

• TTL (Time To Live): Indicates the lifespan of the packet in the network

• Packets Sent/Received/Lost: Summary of packet transmission statistics

Advantages
• Simple and quick method to test network connectivity

• Helps identify slow or unreachable networks

• Useful for basic network troubleshooting

Conclusion
The ping command is a fundamental network troubleshooting tool that verifies connectivity between
devices and measures network performance. It is widely used by network administrators and users to
ensure reliable communication over a network.