C.

The measurement programs

Introduction to shaft alignment .............................. C2
Mounting the measuring units .............................. C3
Rough alignment ................................................ C4
Shaft alignment: enter the distances ..................... C5
Program 11, Horizontal ....................................... C6

Programs C
Measurement result for horizontal machines ........ C8
Tolerance Check ................................................ C9
Thermal Growth Compensation ........................ C10
Program 12, Easy-TurnTM. ............................... C12
Program 13, Softfoot ......................................... C15
Program 14, Cardan ........................................ C16
Program 15, Vertical ......................................... C20
Program 16, Offset and Angle ........................... C22
Program 17, Values .......................................... C24
Program 18, Machine train ............................... C26
Program 19, Vibrometer ................................... C31
Program 21, Spindle ........................................ C36
Program 22, Straightness ................................. C39
Program 23, Center of Circle ............................ C42
Program 24, Flatness ....................................... C46
Program 25, Plumbline ..................................... C49
Program 26, Squareness ................................. C53
Program 27, Parallelism .................................... C55
Program 28, Flange ......................................... C58
Introduction to sheave alignment ....................... C60
Program 29, BTA Digital .................................... C61
Program 31, Half Circle .................................... C67
Program 34, Straightness Plus .......................... C71
Program 35, Center of Circle Plus ..................... C74
Program 36, Half Circle Plus ............................. C78
Program 38, Parallelism Plus ............................ C82
INTRODUCTION TO SHAFT ALIGNMENT

Misaligned machines cause: Procedure

Bearing failure, shaft failure, seal failure, coupling
wear, overheating, energy loss, high vibration etc. - Safety precautions. Be sure that the machines
you are working at cannot be started
Shaft alignment means adjustment of the unintentionally.
relative position of two coupled machines, e.g. a
motor and pump, so that the centre line of the axis - Mount the measurement equipment.
will be concentric when the machines are running
during normal working conditions. - Select the desired program, then follow the
instructions.
Measuring with Easy-Laser® shaft alignment
systems means that the system registers - Measure and specify the distances between
measurement values in three positions via measuring units, machine feet and coupling.
measuring units mounted on each shaft. The
system calculates and displays the offset value at - Do the measurement.
the coupling, the angular value and the
adjustment values for the machine feet on the - If neccessary, adjust the machines.
movable (M) machine.
- Document the measurement result.

Offset value Stationary machine (S)

S Movable machine (M)
M
Angular value

Adjustment value (V)

C2
 MOUNTING THE MEASURING UNITS

When you are doing a shaft

alignment the measuring units can
be mounted with a lot of different
brackets. For more examples, see
the page “shaft brackets”.

S C

M
The cables can be connected to The units mounted with standard shaft brackets.
any of the two connectors on the Labels facing away from coupling.
measuring unit/detector.

Important!
S-unit on stationary machine.
M-unit on movable machine.

Face the stationary machine (S) from the movable machine (M) .

Then 9 o’clock is to the left as shown on the picture.

C3
ROUGH ALIGNMENT

When turning the shafts with measuring units Rough alignment procedure
mounted, the laserbeams will project arcs, where 1. Turn shafts with measuring units to the 9 o’clock
the centres will coincide with the centres of the position. Aim the laserbeams at the centre of the closed
shafts. During the turning the laser beams will targets.
move on the detector surfaces. When the 2. Turn shafts with measuring units to the 3 o’clock
position.
alignment is poor the beams may travel outside
3. Check where the laser hits, then adjust the beam half
the detectors. If this happens you will have to do a the travel in direction to the centre of the target (see
rough alignment first. picture below).
Preparation: mount the equipment, specify the 4. Adjust the movable machine so that the laserbeam
distances. hits the centres of both the targets.
5. Open the targets before the measurement. Done.

(Only S-unit shown)

The arc described by the

laserbeam from the
M-unit during turning.

The laser hits outside the detector.

Adjust half the travel.
Adjust the movable machine so
Position 9 Position 3 that the lasers hit the centres.

C4
 SHAFT ALIGNMENT: entering the distances

When you select a shaft alignment program the sys-

tem asks for the distances between measuring units,
coupling and feet. Enter the distances according to
the pictures below. The system can handle distances
between 1 and 32000 mm (1260 Inch).
Vertical program:
C
S-C
S-M
S - F1
S - F2 [S - F2]

Diameter S-M=distance between measuring units.

S-F1=distance between stationary detector (S) and feetpair 1 (F1).

(To enter a negative [S-F1] value, first press for minus sign,
then enter the value.)
Type the distances in
with the numerical keys. S-C=distance between S and Center of coupling (if the coupling is
S-M

in the middle between the measuring units, just press “Enter”. If

S-C

Confirm each not, enter the right value).

distance with
S-F2=distance between S and F2 (must be longer than S-F1).
[ Redo ]
[S-F2]=if the machine has three pairs of feet, you can add this
Horizontal program: distance after finished measurement, and let the system
calculate a new shimming and adjustment value for this pair of
Type the distances in by
feet (see page C7).
using the numerical
keys.

Confirm each distance

with

[ Redo with ]
C5
(11) HORIZONTAL: shaft alignment with positions 9, 12, 3

With the Horizontal program you read values at the 9, 12 and 3 o’clock positions. That is, you turn
the shafts a total of 180°. Measurement procedure: mount the equipment, start the Horizontal program,
enter the distances, if neccessary make a rough alignment, start the measurement.
NOTE! Check in each position (9, 12, 3) that the laser beams hit the detectors.

1. Enter the distances, as 3. Turn shafts to the

prompted by the system. 12 o’clock position.
Record second value.
Confirm each distance with
Confirm
[ Redo with ]
[ Redo ]
The mark blinks to show
where the measuring
units are to be positioned.

2. 9 o’clock. Turn the measuring

units/shafts according to the vials
into the 9 o’clock position. Adjust 4. Turn shafts to the
the lasers. Open the targets. 3 o’clock position.
Record the first measurement Record last value.
value.
Confirm
S- and M-unit value Confirm

[ Redo ]

C6
 (11) HORIZONTAL: shaft alignment with positions 9-12-3

Horizontal values Vertical values updates An indicator for measurement direction ( ) in

updates continuously. continuously.
the middle of the display shows that the measuring
units now have to be in the 3 o’clock position. The
horizontal values now updates continuously (live),
indicated by filled foot symbols.
Button changes between Horizontal and
Vertical live values. The indicator for measurement
direction shows in which position the measuring C
5. The result is displayed. Horizontal and vertical units have to be placed (3 or 12 o’clock) and filled
positions for the movable machine are shown both foot symbols shows which direction is displaying
digitally and graphically. live values.

See page C8, “Result for Horizontal machine” for

detailed information of the result display.

[ By pressing when the measurement values are

displayed, a new S-F2 distance can be entered for a third
pair of feet. New F2-values (adjustment and shimming) will
be calculated for this pair of feet and displayed. ]

[ Press to do a new measurement from the 9

o’clock position ]

[ Press to select tolerance checked displaying of the

measurement result. See page C9. ]

[ Press to set values for Thermal growth

compensation. See page C10.]

Continued ➥
C7
MEASUREMENT RESULT FOR HORIZONTAL MACHINE

The result from a measurement of a horizontal

machine displays the position of the movable
machine, and how to shim and adjust to align the
Movable
machine. (Note! The indicator for measurement machine
direction works differently for the Horizontal and
the EasyTurn™ program. See below*.)

1. Read the values and decide if the machine needs to

be aligned. If so: Face the stationary machine (S)
2. Shim according to the vertical adjustment values. from the movable machine (M).
3. Adjust sideways according to the horizontal values. 9 o’clock then is to the left,
as shown at the picture.

Vertical:
Offset value
Angular value
Adjustment values
F1 F2
Horizontal:
Offset value
Angular value
Adjustment values
*Indicator for measurement direction,
F2 that in the EasyTurn™ program
F1
shows the real position of the units.
The foot symbols are filled for that direction (horizontal or
Note! In the Horizontal program
vertical) in which the measurement values are updated live.
Note! Be sure that the units are positioned in the right the indicator shows how the units
direction (3 or 12 o’clock). have to be positioned for live values.

C8
 MEASUREMENT RESULT WITH TOLERANCE CHECK

The measurement result can be checked

towards tolerance value table. This is based on Speed 0–1000 1000–2000 2000–3000 3000–4000 4000– rpm
the speed of the machine. When the alignment is
within tolerance, the left part of the coupling symbol is 3,5 2,8 2,0 1,2 0,4 mils
filled. This also works live. The coupling symbols for Offset
horizontal and vertical offset and angle is filled 0,09 0,07 0,05 0,03 0,01 mm
independently of each other. This clearly displays
which values are within tolerance, making it easy to Angular
error
0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3 0,1
mils/
inch
mm/
C
adjust the others. 0,09 0,07 0,05 0,03 0,01 100mm
Note! There is a Speed Range ”User”. Here you
Tolerance table with maximum values for offset and angle,
can define your own setting. This setting will only towards which the actual values are checked.
remain during this measurement, and will be cleared
if you start a new measurement, or turn the Display
unit off.

1. The result is displayed. 2. Select Speed range. 3. The result is displayed with
Press to select No tolerance values are displayed from the filled coupling for values which
tolerance checked start (the function is disabled every time the are within tolerance.
displaying. measurement system is started).
(In the example above the angular
Press or to select speed values are within tolerance, but the
range. The tolerances is displayed at the offset is too large.)
same time.

Confirm Speed range

C9
MEASUREMENT RESULT: thermal growth compensation

Compensation for thermal growth

You enter specified values (from the manufacturer of Example:
Entering compensation values
the machines) for offset and and angular deviation for coupling A. (If you are
caused by thermal growth. The system compensates working with Machine Train
for these and recalculates the foot values to true Program it will indicate B, C
etc here.)
adjustment values. This function works with programs
Horizontal, EasyTurn™ and Machine Train. Read more 1. Enter the direction for the horizontal offset:
about thermal growth at page E9.
Press to go to the first question.
Procedure for setting thermal growth values:
1. At the display, show the result for the coupling you want Toggle Between with
to set compensation value for.
2. First enter the direction for the Horizontal offset, then the Confirm choice with
value.
3. Horizontal angle; direction and value. [ Redo ]
4. Vertical offset; direction and value.
5. Vertical angle; direction and value.
6. Go back to result display, now it is compensated for
thermal growth.

Special notes for Machine Train Program:

NOTE1! When using the Machine Train Program, note that
it is the machine “to the right” at each coupling you enter
values for. Select coupling by pressing and . 2. Enter the value for horizontal offset:

Go to the next coupling you want to set compensation Type the value with the numerical buttons.
values for and repeat steps 2–6 above.
NOTE2! Works both at graph and digital display. Confirm value with
NOTE3! You can also enter the values directly after the
measurement of each coupling. [ Back to step 1 ]

C10
 MEASUREMENT RESULT: thermal growth compensation

3. Enter the direction for horizontal angle: 5. Enter the direction and value for vertical offset
according to steps 1 and 2.
Toggle between with

Confirm choice with

[ Back to step 1 ] /100mm

/100mm
6. Enter direction and value for vertical angle
according to steps 3 and 4.

7. The program returns to measurement value display,

4. Enter value for horizontal angle: now with compensation for thermal growth.
If wanted, go to the next coupling (display the result for the
Type the value with the number buttons. coupling) and enter compensation values for this according
to steps 1–6.
Confirm value with (The compensation values are shown at the print out.)

[ Back to step 1 ] [ At a compensated coupling, press to change values.

By confirming no value the compensation will be reset. ]

C11
(12) EASY-TURN TM: horizontal shaft alignment

With the EasyTurnTM program shaft alignment 1

is possible even if machine parts or piping
interfere with 180° of shaft rotation. The smallest
angle needed between measurement points is
20°. 2
Note! For this program the measuring units S, M
must have built-in inclinometers.
Procedure: mount the measurement equipment,
start the EasyTurnTM program, enter the distances,
if necessary do a rough alignment, start the
measurement.
3, ready !

Built-in electronic inclinometers detect the

angular position of the units. The angles are
The EasyTurnTM program permits shaft alignment even
displayed as hands on a clock (angular marks). If when you cannot turn the shafts with measuring units
machines are severly misaligned, the beam from to the 9, 12 and 3 o’clock positions.
the M-unit may not strike the S-unit detector
surface. The second and third positions of the M-
unit are therefore dependent on the laserbeam
from the S-unit.

C12
 (12) EASY-TURN TM: horizontal shaft alignment

1. Enter the distances, as

prompted by the system.
3. Second reading. Turn the
shafts at least 20o in any
Confirm each distance with direction (displayed as small
marks on the circle). If the shafts
[ Redo with ] are uncoupled; first turn the
shaft with the S-unit, then close C
the target at the M-unit, turn the
S angle mark
S and M unit marks shaft with the M-unit so that the
20o mark
S-laser hits the target.
Open the target.
2. Place the measuring units
so that the marks are on top of
Confirm
each other (or almost on top).
Adjust the laserbeams to the
[Show/hide M-angle mark with
closed targets.
Open the targets.
[ Redo first value ]
Record the first measurement
S- and M-unit values value.
4. Third reading. Similar to
Confirm second reading. Turn shafts
beyond the 20o mark.
[ Back ]
Confirm

Continued ➥
C13
(12) EASY-TURN TM: horizontal shaft alignment

Horizontal values Vertical values updates

updates continuously. continuously.

The foot symbols are filled for the horizontal

or vertical values when the measuring units
are positioned 3, 6, 9 or 12 o’clock (+2o). Then
the values are updated continuously in each
direction. The indicator for measurement
5. The measurement result is displayed. The direction ( ) in the middle of the display
Horizontal and vertical positions for the movable machine shows the actual position of the units.
are displayed both digitally and graphically.

See page C8, “Result for Horizontal machine” for

detailed information of the result display.

[ By pressing a new S-F2 distance can be typed in.

A new F2-value will then be calculated and dislayed. ]

[ Press to do a new measurement from first

position “9” ]

[ Press to select tolerance checked displaying of the

measurement result. See page C9. ]

[ Press to set values for Thermal growth

compensation. See page C10. ]

C14
 (13) SOFTFOOT

Before you begin a shaft alignment you should do a softfoot

check. Previous shimming or a twisted machine bed may cause the
machine to rest unevenly on the feet (=softfoot). The result from this
measurement program displays the difference between tightened Shimming is required
and loosened bolt. You can go from softfoot check directly to the where large
Horizontal or EasyTurn™ shaft alignment program and keep the variations appear.
entered machine distances.
Procedure: Tighten all bolts, mount the measure-ment equipment, C
start the softfoot program, enter the distances, start the measurement.
Note! the ”Store” function can not be used in this program.

1. Enter the distances 2. Turn to position 12. 3. Release and tighten first bolt. 4. The result for all feet
when prompted on the Adjust the beams. are displayed.
display. Open the targets. Confirm Shim the foot/feet with the
highest value.
Confirm Confirm Redo step 3 for each of the other
feet (foot 2-4). [ Remeasure ]
[ Redo ] [ Back ]
[ If desired, zero set with ] [ To go directly to
alignment, and keep the
[ Back ] entered distances,
press ]

C15
(14) CARDAN

The Cardan program is used when aligning

offset mounted machines. The procedure is
shown step-by-step.

Compensating for the offset.

3 magnets
Guiding pins Handle for turning 1. Mount the fixture arm with magnets on the shaft end
of the stationary machine (if needed, use extension arm
to compensate for the whole offset).
When there are threads at the end of the
“movable” shaft, mount guiding pins on the
turnable magnet bracket. The guiding pin
centres the bracket and permits turning when
indexing. Attach the measuring units to the
fixtures using the central M6-threads.
NOTE! When the distance between movable (M)
and stationary (S) fixture/unit is short (<300 mm),
it might happen that the adjustment range in the
S
measuring units will not get the beam to hit within
the detector. Then use the M6-thread back at the
unit that centres with the laser beam aperture 2. Mount the measuring unit S on the fixture arm.
instead. Attach the large target to the measuring unit.

C16
 (14) CARDAN

Fig C1. Turn the unit so one

of the vials is levelled.
Adjust the beam to the centre
M of the opposite target (A).
Turn the unit half a turn (beam
hits B).

3. Mount the turnable magnet fixture on the end of

Adjust the beam to the centre
of rotation (C).
C
the shaft of the movable machine. Mount the measuring
unit M on the fixture.

4. Connect the S- and M-unit to the display unit and

start the Cardan program.

6. Adjust the fixture arm so the center of

the target is hit by the M-laser.

7. Adjust the S-laser, see fig. C1.

S M
S M

8. Roughly align the movable machine. NOTE! Final

5. Adjust the M-laser beam, see fig. C1 to the right. adjustment of the fixture arm may be needed. Remove
Attach a large target on the unit. the large targets.
Continued ➥
C17
(14) CARDAN

9. Measure and enter the distances.

Confirm each distance with

[ Redo ]

10. Face the stationary machine from the 11. Record the second 12. Record the third value in
movable machine. Turn both measuring units to value in position 12. position 3. (Labels to the right.)
position 9 (S and M-labels to the left). Adjust the (Labels upwards.)
beam to the centre of the closed targets. Open Confirm
the targets. Record the first value. Confirm

Confirm [ Redo ] [ Redo ]

C18
 (14) CARDAN

13. The result is displayed.

When parallel adjustment is not needed, only one end of
the machine should be adjusted, therefore the other pair
of feet is set to zero.
[ Pressing will toggle the LIVE display between the
horizontal and vertical direction (Measuring units must
be in position 3 or 12). ]
C
[ Press to restart a measurement from position 9. ]

Explanation of the measurement result

C19
(15) VERTICAL: vertical- and flange mounted machines

The Vertical program is used for the Procedure: mount the measurement equipment,
measurement of vertical and flange mounted start the Vertical program, enter the distances,
machines. Position the measuring units and number of bolts and the diameter, start the
record the values at positions 9, 12 and 3. measurement.
The 9 o’clock position is selected at any bolt.
Rotate the measuring units a total of 180°.

1. Enter the distances, as 4. Place the units in position 9

prompted by the system. (Bolt 1), record the value.

Confirm each distance Confirm

[ Redo with ] [ Back ]

2. Enter the number of bolts. 5. Place the units in position 12.

(4, 6 or 8) Record the value.

Confirm Confirm

[ Back ] [ Back ]

3. Enter the diameter between 6. Place the units in position 3.

the bolts. Record the value.

Confirm Confirm

[ Back ]

C20
 (15) VERTICAL: vertical- and flange mounted machines

7. The result is displayed.

8. The shim values are shown by pressing
The “highest” bolt is displayed as 0.00.
. C
Offset and angular error in two directions (9-3 or 6-12)
for the movable machine are shown both digitally and
Shim according to the shim values.
graphically. If the machine is adjusted, a new
measurement is needed to get all the values updated.
[ Press to restart measurement from position 9 ]
Adjust sideways according to the offset value
[ Back to offset and angular error (step 7) ]
(continuously updated).
The direction depends on the position of the measuring
units; 3 or 12.
View from position 3,
[ Toggle LIVE with ] measuring units in
position 12.
[ To enter new distances, press ]

[ Press to restart measurement from position 9 ]

View from position

6, measuring
units in
position 3.

C21
(16) OFFSET AND ANGLE

1. Mount the measuring units.

The Offset And Angle program continuously Close the targets.
displays measurement values from two measuring
units S and M. The measurement values can be
zeroed and any offset and angular changes between
the units that may occur are displayed. If you are
using two-axis measuring units you will get both hori-
zontal and vertical values at the same time. The pro-
gram is intended for dynamic measurements.
2. Enter the distance S - M.
Confirm

Adjust the beams.

Stationary reference

Movable object

Open the targets.

(This example shows both

horizontal and vertical values,
Distance S - M which means that a two-axis
measuring unit is used.

3. The measurement values are shown.

Section to which the
offset value relates. Zero the values by pressing

Absolute values
Halve the values
Send to serial port (continuously)

C22
 (16) OFFSET AND ANGLE

Explanation of movements Example of measurement values

Horizontal and vertical angle changes and
offset for the movable object.

+ angle - angle

Stationary (S) Movable (M)

Distance S-M: 1000 mm

C23
(17) VALUES

The Values program continuously displays ware so that the one with the lowest serial number
measurement values from one detector (of up to (counted on the three last figures) will be 1, the
four connected). The detector can be the D5, D6, next higher serial number will be 2, and so on.
D157 or measuring unit S or M. The laser trans- Therefore you should connect the units in this
mitter can be another measuring unit or a laser order to avoid misunderstanding of which unit you
transmitter from the Easy-Laser® assortment. are reading.
With series connection of detectors/measuring Procedure: mount the measurement equipment,
units these will be numbered by the system soft- start the Values program, start the measurement.
NOTE! The “Store” function cannot be used with
this program.

Zero actual
Angle Absolute values
Halve
The angle of the unit with Send to serial port (continuously)
0o in the start position. Large figures / small figures

Last unit
Registered
measurement values
Next unit
M-unit Horizontal
The number of
connected units Confirm
M-unit Vertical
Actual unit
1. The measurement values are displayed Clear display
immediately when starting the program.
The example shows both vertical and horizontal values H-value on/off
from the M-unit. This can be done with two-axis units.

C24
 (17) VALUES

Explanation of the measurement values ( + , - ) Dynamic measurement

V+

R+

C
H+

Detector D5 (seen from behind)

MV + The example shows how four detectors are

series connected and placed (shown without
R+ fixtures on the picture) to detect how e.g. a motor
and a gearbox move relative to each other, for
example depending on thermal growth. Each
detector can be zeroed individually.
MH +

Measuring unit M (seen from behind)

C25
(18) MACHINE TRAIN

With the Machine train program up to ten

coupled or uncoupled machines in a row (nine
couplings) can be measured. The EasyTurn™
function is used, which allows for a complete
measurement with only 40° turn of the shafts. The
display shows live values both digitally and
graphically, which makes the alignment easy. Note!
The measuring units S, M must have built-in
inclinometers.

Feetlock
The program has Reflock function which means
that any two pairs of feet in the machine train can be
used as stationary reference, e.g. pair 1 and 10 or 3
and 4 (see fig.). The program is also suitable for
measurement of two machines, e.g. a motor and a
pump. You can choose which machine you want to
use as stationary by changing references in the pro-
gram.

Compensation for thermal growth

You enter specified values (from the manufacturer
of the machines) for offset and and angular devia-
tion caused by thermal growth. The system
compensates for these and recalculates the foot
values to true adjustment values.

C26
 (18) MACHINE TRAIN

Note
During the measurement, the S-unit must always be A
mounted on the left machine (see fig). S M

Explanation of signs B
On the display these signs are displayed:
A, B, C, ....=the order and name of the couplings.
H=horizontally
S M
C
V=vertically C
S=stationary S M
M=movable
L=live
Ref.=reference D
Ang.=angle S M
Off.=offset
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1, 2, 3, ....=the order of the feet pair.

Measurement procedure (briefly)

1. Mount the measuring units at the first coupling (A).
2. Enter the distances according to the display.
3. Record the values at the first coupling.
4. Move the measuring units to the following couplings (B, C and D if four couplings
are to be aligned), enter the distances and record the values.
5. If wanted, enter values for thermal growth compensation.
6. Enter which pair of feet that are to be references (by default the feet of the first
machine, 1 and 2, are set to reference).
7. Document the measurement result.
Continued ➥
C27
(18) MACHINE TRAIN

1. Enter the distances, as 3. Second value. Turn shafts a

prompted by the program. minimum of 20° in any direction
(shown as small angular marks at
the circle). For uncoupled shafts;
Confirm each distance with first turn the shaft with the S-unit,
close the target on the M-unit, then
[ Back ] turn the shaft with the M-unit so
S unit marker
that the S-laser hits the target.
Angular mark
Open the target.
S and M measuring unit marker

2. Place the measuring units Confirm with

so that the unit markers are on
top of each other (or almost on [Show/hide M-angular marker ]
top). Adjust the laser beams to
the targets. [Redo first value ]
Open the targets.
Record the first value.
S and M unit value 4. Third value. As second
Confirm value with value. Turn units beyond 20°
markings.
[ Back ]
Confirm with

C28
 (18) MACHINE TRAIN

7. Place the units so that the

markers are on top of each other
(or almost on top). Adjust the
laser beams to the targets.
Open the targets.
Record the first value.
5. The result for coupling A is shown. Horizontal and
vertical position, and angle and offset for the machines
Confirm with C
are displayed digitally. As default pair of feet 1 and 2 are [ Back ]
set as stationary references.

Press to continue the measurement at coupling B.

(See step 11 for graph display.) 8. Second value.

(See step 12 for reference setting.)
(See page C10 for thermal growth compensation.) Confirm with
(See page “Measurement result” for adjustment of the
machine.) [ Redo first value ]

6. Enter the distances for

coupling B, as prompted by the
program.

Confirm each distance with 9. Third value. As second

value. Turn units beyond 20°
[ Back ] markings.

(Note! The program already Confirm with

knows the distance 3–4.)
Continued ➥
C29
(18) MACHINE TRAIN

H=Horizontal values

The result is displayed. Example:

Horizontal values are Feet pair 7
shown in “Live”. This Feet pair 8
means that the measuring Coupling D
units are in position 9 or 3.

V=Vertical values
10. The result for coupling B is displayed. Horizontal
and vertical position, and angle and offset for the 11. Graph display of the result:
machines are displayed digitally.
Toggle between graph/digital display of the values
Press to continue the measurement at coupling C
(and after that D when the result for C is displayed),
then follow the procedure according to steps 6–9.

[ It says “LIVE” at either the horizontal or the vertical

values when you turn the shafts with measuring units to
positions according to 3, 6, 9 or 12 o’clock (+2°).
Then the value updates continuously in each direction. ]
Window for reference setting. Feet pair 1 and 10 as
[ Change which coupling result is displayed by pressing references.
12. Change references:
or ]
Press to set new references. Enter the figures of
[ Press to set values for Thermal growth the feet that are to be references. Confirm each with
compensation. See page C10.]
(NOTE! Works both at graph and digital display.)

C30
 (19) VIBROMETER

General Hp

Easy-Laser® Vibrometer can be used in preven-

tive as well as active maintenance work on rotat-
ing machinery. Easy-Laser® Vibrometer is meas-
uring the effective velocity (mm/s or inch/s RMS)
in the frequency range between 10 and 3200 Hz
(alt. 2–3200). This range covers most of the fre-
quencies that will occur for the majority of me-
1. The display shows Vibration Level
(mm/s [inch/s]) and Bearing condition value (g) at
C
chanical malfunctions and imperfections, for ex- the same time. (For interpretation of the values, see
ample unbalance and misalignment. The judge- the following pages.)
ment of the measured leveIs is greatly supported
The current frequency range is indicated.
by several vibration standards. A comparison be-
tween vibration levels and actual wear being per- Press to toggle frequency range between
formed on the machinery will quickly build up a 10–3200 Hz (Hp) and 2–3200 Hz (Lp).
knowledge of the machine, and which type of
action is required when higher vibrations are found. Pressing will exit the program back to Program
A common standard for judgement of vibrations is Menu.
ISO 10816-3. This standard is an upgrade of older
standards that has been in use for several dec- [ Store measurement value: see page B4 ]
ades and has a world wide acceptance as a good
judgement for continuos and long lasting opera-
tion of machinery. (For tooling machines, use
standard ISO 10816-1.)

Continued ➥
C31
(19) VIBROMETER

How to make good measurements. A

Place the transducer (the probe) firmly against the measurement
point. The sensitivity direction of the transducer coincides with the
centre axis of the transducer. The main purpose is to make the
complete transducer to fully participate in the motion of the meas-
urement point. Try to hold the probe as vertical, horizontal or axial
as possible, even if the machine surface does not have these
directions.

Note! When using the magnet or the measuring tip the bearing
condition value can be substantially changed. Use the M6 stud on B
the transducer for high frequency measurements, and mount the
probe directly to the machine.

When the transducer is mounted with the magnet the frequency

range of the measurement is reduced to about 2000 to 3000Hz
depending on the flatness of the measuring surface.
When the measuring tip is used the frequency range is reduced to
about 800 to 1500Hz.
Vibrations at high frequencies can sometimes cause measurement
problems. Pressing the transducer mora firmly should not change
C
the reading. If in doubt, always try to adjust the contact point first.
Secondly, if shown to be necessary, mount the transducer with the
M6 stud.

All normal measurements on vertical or horizontal machinery

should follow the three perpendicular axis of true vertical, horizon-
tal and axial directions. The reason is that you should keep to the
main stiffness directions caused by normal non symmetrical proper-
ties of the foundation, piping, supports etc. It will result in better Placing the measuring points. The measurements
should be made as close as possible to the bearing
understanding if the basic measurements are made in this way. and only horizontal (A), vertical (B) or axial (C).

C32
 (19) VIBROMETER: vibration level

Recommended vibration levels in mm/s and common findings.

This simplified list can be used, as a first consideration, when you approach a machine newly commis-
sioned or after some time in operation. Take as a good housekeeping rule to investigate the reason for
any machine that vibrates above 3 mm/s [0.12 inch/s] RMS. Do not leave them above 7mm/s [0.27 inch/s]
without being assured that they will sustain long term operation without increased wear.
0 – 3 mm/s
0 – 0.12inch/s
Small vibrations. None or very small bearing wear. Rather low noise level. C
Noticeable vibration levels often concentrated to some specific part as well as di-
rection of the machine. Noticeable bearing wear. Seal problems occur in pumps
3 – 7 mm/s etc. Increased noise level. Try to investigate the reason. Plan action during next
0.12 – 0.27 inch/s regular stop. Keep the machine under observation and measure at smaller time
intervals than before to detect a deterioration trend if any. Compare vibrations to
other operating variables.

Large vibrations. Bearings running hot. Bearing wear-out cause frequent

7 – 18 mm/s replacements. Seals wear out, leakage of all kinds evident. Cracks in weldings and
0.27 – 0.71 inch/s concrete foundations. Screws and bolts are loosening. High noise level. Plan action
soonest. Do your best to reveal the reason.

Very large vibrations and high noise levels. This is detrimental to the safe operation
> 18 mm/s of the machine. Stop operation if technically or economically possible considering
> 0.71 inch/s the plant stop cost. No known machine will withstand this level without internal or
external damage.

Continued ➥
C33
(19) VIBROMETER: bearing condition value (g)

What is a bearing condition value? boxes, converting machines with cutters and simi-
The bearing condition value is the sum average lar machines without any bearing faults because
value, RMS value, of all high frequency vibrations they “naturally” produce frequencies above 3200 Hz.
between 3200 Hz to 20000 Hz. This value is an
acceleration average with the unit “g” because NOTE! A high bearing condition value should
high frequencies give a large signal if it is meas- always be used as a request to make frequency
ured in acceleration. When the balls or rollers analysis, for example with Easy-Viber™. Do not
rotate inside the bearing a wide-band noise and change bearings before this is done.
vibration arises. This noise and vibration are in-
creased if the bearing is poorly lubricated, over-
loaded due to misalignment or has a damaged
surface.
Because this is a wide-band noise and vibration it
is possible to select any frequency or frequency
band as a measurement of bearing condition.
If the selected frequency band includes low fre-
quencies the bearing condition value would also
include vibrations from unbalances, misalign-
ment, etc., and not purely from bearing vibrations
and would therefor be difficult to interpret.
If the selected frequency band only includes very
high frequency noise and vibrations we would
need special vibration transducers that are very
rigidly and closely mounted to the bearing be-
cause the machine structure works as a mechani-
cal filter for high frequencies.
High bearing condition values can appear at gear

C34
 (19) VIBROMETER: bearing condition value (g)

The bearing condition value is RMS value of all high frequency vibrations in the range of 3.200 Hz to
20.000 Hz. This average has the unit “g” (=acceleration due to gravity).

Note! The diagram below is only a guide to interpret the bearing condition value.

(g)
C

lace
Rep
ling
Fai
r
Fai
ble
e pta
Acc
d
Goo

Speed
(RPM)

C35
(21) SPINDLE

For spindle alignment you can use the D146,

the D22 or S-unit as transmitter mounted in the
spindle. The detector is placed at the part of the
machine that can be moved along the working
area of the machine. It can be a D5 detector or a
M-unit.
Procedure: mount the laser in the spindle and the
detector on a magnet base, start the Spindle
program, enter the distances between first and
second position, if neccessary rough align the
laser, start the measurement.

Laser D146 can be used during rotating spindle

measurement. This eliminates eventual static
hang down of the spindle. You run the machine at
500–2000 rpm. When the Spindle program
prompts you, record value 1 and 2 at each
question. Then move the detector to pos. 2 and
register measurement values 3 and 4.

NOTE! It is only the D146 that can be used to

measure during rotation.

C36
 (21) SPINDLE
The symbol indicates that the spindle+laser must
be rotated 180° before recording the value.

1. Enter the distances 2. Record the first value at position 1. 3. Rotate the spindle 180°. C
between position 1 and 2. Record the second value at
Confirm position 1.
Confirm
[ 2-axis detector: Confirm
H-value on/off with ]
[ Back ]

4. Move the detector the entered

distance, then record the third
measurement value at the second
position of the detector. 5. Rotate the spindle 180°. Record
the fourth measurement value at po- 6. The measurement result is
Confirm sition 2 of the detector. displayed.
[ 2-axis detector: Confirm [Back ]
H-value on/off with ]
[Remeasure from position 1 ]
[ Back ]
Continued ➥
C37
(21) SPINDLE

Horizontal pointing direction

Vertical pointing direction

Horizontal value with 1-axis detector will

need this to be placed in the 90° posi-
tion with the label to the right.

The result displays the pointing direction and a

value in mm/meter (mils/inch). Horizontal value
only when the H-value has been displayed
when registering the fourth value.

C38
 (22) STRAIGHTNESS
Note: Also see program
Straightness program. Prepare for the StraightnessPlus(34), page C71.
measurement by marking the desired
measurement points. The program can handle up
to 150 measurement points with two zero points.
Aim the laser according to measurement principle
on page E15.

Use laser transmitter D22, D23 or D75 and

C
detector D5, D6 or D157 with suitable fixtures
depending on application.
For straightness measurement you can also use
S- and M-unit (see page D5).

1. Enter the number of 2. Are the points evenly placed 3. Enter the distances.
measurement points on the object? If evenly placed points, just enter
(2–150). Yes or No? this distance and confirm

Confirm Toggle between No / Yes with If different distances, enter each

distance and confirm each
[ Redo ] Confirm choice with

Continued➥
C39
(22) STRAIGHTNESS

4. Place the detector at the assigned 5. The result can be displayed as a graph or
point, then record the value. as a table.
The graph can display vertical (V) or horizontal
Confirm (H) measurement values. Measurement point 1
is at the left. The biggest deviation from zero
[ Zero value ] sets the scale to one of three possible. The
(only at measurement point 1) smallest and largest measurement values are
displayed as Min. and Max.
[ Show / Hide H-value with ]
NOTE! If the H-value is not displayed [ Back to registration of the last point ]
when registering the last measurement (only possible before pressing another button).
value this cannot be displayed again.
[ Shift to previous page ]
[ Show absolute value ] (only possible after pressing another button).

[ Half the value ] [ Shift to next page ]

[ Back ] [ Toggle between table and graph ]

Next: move the detector to the [ Toggle V / H at graph display ]

following points and register the
values. [ New measurement from point 1 ]

C40
 (22) STRAIGHTNESS

Selecting reference points.

C
Two of the measurement points can be
selected as reference points, which will set
them to zero. The values of the rest of the
measurement points will then be recalculated. Printout from Straightness program.
Selecting the same measurement point as
ref.1 and ref.2 will give one zero point. New
reference points can be set on a previously
stored measurement.

[ Select ref. points ] Straightness measurement with the horizontal plane as reference.
[ Restore ref. points ] 2

If the laser is levelled according to its vials and only one reference point is
selected, then the graph will display the points of the object relative to
the horizontal plane.

C41
(23) CENTER OF CIRCLE

Note: Also see program

The Center of circle program is used for Center Of CirclePlus(35), page C74.
straightness measurement of bores e.g. bearing
journals when the diameters vary.
Best performance when using the Linebore
system, but lasers D75/D22 and detectors D5/
D157 can also be used with suitable fixtures.

C42
 (23) CENTER OF CIRCLE

Note!
Adjustment of the center point and pointing
direction of the laserbeam before measurement. 1

2
C
1. Adjust the angle of the laserbeam to closed target in
bearing journal with the detector in the furthest position.

2. Place the detector in pos.6 in the bearing journal

closest to the laser and zero the value at the display unit.
3
3. Turn the detector to pos.12 and halve the value at the
display unit. Move the laser parallel within 0.5 mm
[20 mils] in the vertical and horizontal direction.

4. Move the detector to the bearing journal furthest away 4

from the laser and adjust the angle of the laser within
0.5 mm [20 mils] in the vertical and horizontal direction.

Continued ➥
C43
(23) CENTER OF CIRCLE

1. Enter the number of 2. Are the points evenly placed 3. Enter the distances.
measurement points (2–150). on the object? Yes or No? If evenly placed points, just enter
this distance and confirm
Confirm Toggle between No / Yes with
If different distances, enter each
[ Redo ] Confirm choice with distance and confirm each

R 180.1

4. Place the detector on the assigned point, 5. Turn the detector 180o.
record first measurement value in position 6. Record second value in position 12.

Confirm value Confirm

[ Show / Hide H-value with ] Move the detector to the following

NOTE! If the H-value is not displayed when registering measurement points and record the
the last value it cannot be displayed again. values similar to steps 4 and 5 again.

[Back ] [Back ]

C44
 (23) CENTER OF CIRCLE

6. The result can be displayed either as a Selecting reference points.

C
table or as a graph. Two of the measurement points can be
The graph can display vertical (V) or horizontal selected as reference points, which will set
(H) measurement values. Measurement point 1 them to zero. The values of the rest of the
is to the left. The biggest deviation from zero measurement points will then be recalculated.
sets the scale to one of three possible. The Selecting the same measurement point as
smallest and largest measurement values are ref.1 and ref.2 will give one zero point. New
displayed as Min and Max. reference points can be set on a previous
stored measurement.
[ Back to registration of the last point ]
(only possible before pressing another button) [ Select ref. points ]

[ Shift to previous page ] [ Restore ref. points ]

(only possible after pressing another button)
Values V+
[ Shift to next page ] When the detector is pointing at
the laser, movement of the R+
[ Toggle between table and graph ] detector to the right will give
positive H-values and lifting
upwards positive V-values. H+
[ Toggle V / H at graph display ]
Rotation anticlockwise around a
horizontal axis will give positive
[ New measurement from point 1 ] angle values.

C45
(24) FLATNESS

Program for flatness measurement,

where the measurement points are to be
placed in a coordinate system. Up to 300
measurement points can be handled.
The measurement values can be
recalculated so that three of them
become zero references.
Procedure: Plan the measurement and
mark the points where the detector will
be placed. Level the laser within 0.5 mm
[20 mils] in both X- and Y-direction. Start
the Flatness program. Mark the measurement points in a coordinate system where the points
Use laser D22 with detector D5 or M-unit, are numbered in columns according to the picture in x- and y-direction.
or use laser D23 with D6 detector. NOTE! The distances between the points must be equal for all points
in each direction.

1. Enter the number of measurement points 2. Enter the distance between first and last
in X-direction (2–99) and Y-direction (2–99). measurement point in X-direction and Y-
direction.
Confirm
Confirm
[ Redo ]
[ Redo ]

C46
 (24) FLATNESS

3. Place the detector on the assigned 4. The result is displayed. C

point, record the value. Up to 10 measurement values can be displayed on
Repeat for each point in the coordinate each page.
system (the display assigns which point in the
coordinate system to place the detector at). [ Back to registration of the last measurement point
(can only be done before pressing another button)]
Confirm each
[ Shift to previous page
[ Zero the value (can only be done after pressing another button)]
(only on measurement point 1,1) ]
[ Shift to next page ]
[ Back to absolute value ]
[ New measurement from point 1,1 ]
[ Back to previous measurement point ]

Continued ➥
C47
(24) FLATNESS

Without ref. points With ref. points

Selecting reference points.

Three of the measurement points can be selected
as reference points, which will set them to zero. Laser plane
The measurement value of the rest of the points
will then be recalculated. New reference points Example: The size of the values displayed as columns.
can be set on a previous stored measurement.

[ Select reference points ]

[ Values without reference points ]

[ Remeasure ]

NOTE! The measurement result can be displayed

as a graph after transmitting the data to a PC via
EasyLinkTM.

C48
 (25) PLUMBLINE

Plumbline program. For measurement of the The lasertransmitter is placed at

straightness of shafts and their centre line four sides of the shaft (9, 3, 6 and
relative to an absolute plumbline. The program 12) with the same side of the
uses the self-calibrating function of the laser transmitter towards the shaft.
when it is indexed 180°. Plan the measurement By doing a very careful levelling
by placing the laser at the first “side” (9) of the according to the vials you will get
shaft. Mark the measurement points. Register
all measurement values on this side of the
an accurate plumbline when
indexing the laser 180°.
C
shaft, then move the laser to the opposite side
(indexing) and register the points on this side at 9 3
the same heights as before. 12 6
Use laser D22 and detector D5+sliding bracket.

Measurement line

Measurement point

Use the laser beam to mark the points at the shaft.

Measure a quarter of the circumference to get the four
“measurement lines”. Take extra care on shafts that
Turbine shaft. deviate a lot from the plumbline.
Continued ➥

C49
(25) PLUMBLINE

1. Enter the number of 2. Enter the vertical distance 3. Place the detector on the lowest
measurement points (2–10) between measurement points measurement point on measurement line
at each measurement line. 1–2, 2–3 and further on. “9” and record the value. (The H-value is
used for positioning the detector
Confirm Confirm each sideways.) Move the detector to the other
points on the same measurement line and
[ Redo ] [ Redo ] record the values.

Record the value

[ Redo ]

4. Measurement line “3”.

When you have finished recording values on
measurement line “9”, move the detector and laser to
the opposite side and continue with the recording.

Record the value [ Redo ]

C50
 (25) PLUMBLINE

5. The result for the first direction (9–3) is C

displayed.
If no or only one reference point is set, the
values relate to the plumbline with optional
point through zero.
6-12 6-12

[ Back to registration of the previous point

(only before pressing another button) ]

[ Toggle between table and graph ]

6. The measurement in the other direction
[ Toggle displayed direction; 9–3 or 6–12. (6–12) is done in the same way as the first one.
(after completed measurement of both Move the detector and laser to measurement
directions) ] line “6” and record the values. Then move the
detector to measurement line “12” and
[ New measurement from measurement line “9”, complete the measurement. When finished, the
point 1 ] measurement result for the “6–12” direction is
displayed according to step 5.
Continue the measurement at
measurement line “6” The values can be displayed as a graph for one
direction at a time.

Continued ➥
C51
(25) PLUMBLINE

Selecting reference points.

Two of the measurement points can be
selected as reference point. Doing this will set
them to zero. The other points will then be
recalculated. Selecting the same
measurement point as ref. 1 and ref. 2 will
give one zero point. New reference points can
be set on a previous stored measurement.
Important!
[ Select ref. points ] When moving the units to the opposite side, the length
from shaft to detector can be altered only if all
[ Values without ref. points ] measurements is done on the same shaft diameter (A).
Measurement on a shaft with different diameters (B), can
NOTE! If two ref. points are set, the only be done at point 3 and 4 with another complete set of
measurement values will not correspond detector, risers and magnet base. These two sets must not
to the plumbline, but can be used as a be changed and must be used again on the opposite side
guide to the straightness of the shaft. of the shaft.

C52
 (26) SQUARENESS

For measurement of squareness. This program

uses the perpendicularity in the D22 prism. Two of
the measurement values on one of the surfaces
are compared to the measurement values on the
other surface. The values are recalculated to an
angular value that shows any deviation from 90°
that may occur. Mark where the detector shall be
placed. The laser transmitter D22 is placed
C
according to the picture and levelled to the table in
both directions (x and y). As detector the D5 or M-
unit can be used.

1. Enter the distance between the measurement

points 1–2, and then points 3–4.

Confirm each

[ Redo ]
Continued ➥
C53
(26) SQUARENESS

2. Record the first two measurement points. 3. Record the following two measurement values.
Place the detector at each point and record Place the detector at each point and record values 3
values 1 and 2 according to the display. and 4 according to the display.

Confirm each Confirm each

[ Redo ] [ Redo ]

4. The result is displayed graphically

to explain the direction and a value for the angle in mm/m or mils/inch.

[ Back to registration of previous point ]

[ New measurement from point 1 ]

C54
 (27) PARALLELISM
Note: Also see program
ParallelismPlus(38), page C82.
Parallelism program. For the measurement of
parallelism between e.g. rolls. The program uses
the 90° deviation in the angular prism D46 to
create a number of parallel laser beams. Up to 150
rolls or other objects can be handled by the
program. The result is displayed graphically with
the angular value for an eventual deviation from
parallelity. Any object or the base line can be
C
selected as the reference afterwards.
The most common setup for parallelism
measurement is laser D22 and prism D46 mounted
on tripods, detector D5 on magnet base or sliding
bracket. Large target base line may also be used.

Example of a parallelism measurement :

1. Level the vertical swivel of the laser according to the vial.
2. Rough align the vertical turning according to the vial on the laser head.
3. Aim the laser perpendicular to the measurement objects (e.g. rolls). If the line made out by
the laser beam is to be the reference, you now fine adjust to the detector on the machine sides.
4. Place the Angular prism D46 with free sight to both two positions of the detector on the roll to
be measured. Calibrate the prism according to its instructions (see page “D46” in chapter A).
5. Adjust the beam on to the detector at one end of the roll and record the first value.
6. Move the detector to the other end, adjust the beam and record the second value.
7. Move the Angular prism to the next roll, calibrate and then record according to step 5 and 6.
NOTE! Measurement shall only be done with the detector levelled according to its vials, or
according to the angular value on the display, supported by the electronic inclinometers.
Continued ➥
C55
(27) PARALLELISM

1. Enter the number of 2. Name the (first) object. 3. Enter the distances between
measurement objects (2–150). (See page “Store measure- the measurement points 1–2.
ment result” for information)
Confirm Confirm
Confirm
[ Redo ]

Place the detector in

horizontal position
(90° or 270°). 4. (continued) Place the detector at the
measurement point assigned on the
display and record the first value.

4. Enter the position of the first Confirm value

measurement point (left / right and
front / rear). The measurement value is automatically
zeroed after registration. Then move the
Move the detector detector to the next point as assigned on the
mark on the display with display. Record measurement value two.

[ Redo ]

C56
 (27) PARALLELISM

Selecting reference for the measurement

5. The following measurement objects.
Example 1. Base line as reference
Follow the procedure in steps 2–4 for the
rest of the objects.

Base line (Ref.)

C
Example 2. First roll as reference

6. The result display with graphics

displaying the angle direction and a value Base line
for the angle in mm/m or mils/Inch. These two examples shows the same set of rolls
As standard the reference is set to the laser but with different references, and how that affects
beam direction (Base), but optionally a the measurement values.
measurement object can be set as the
reference instead. The reference object is
set to zero.

[ Set displayed object as reference ]

[ Set “Base” as the reference ]

[ Remeasure from object 1 ]

Printout from the
[ Toggle between measurement objects ]
Parallelism program.

C57
(28) FLANGE

The Flange program is used for flatness measurement of circular

planes such as slewing bearings and flanges. The laser is placed at
or near the measurement object and levelled within 0.5 mm [20 mils] to
three points evenly placed on the circle. The program can measure
up to 300 points, measurements can be taken on the inner and/or the
outer circle. (When measuring inner and outer circles always begin
with the inner circle position at each measurement point, then continue
with the outer position, then go on with next point/inner position etc. In
the display unit all points are registered as being on one and the same
curve, but two circles can be displyed in the EasyLink™ program by
adding // (”doubleslash”) before the name of the measurement when
saving in the display unit. Mark all the measurement points before the
measurement. Always measure clockwise. After completed
measurement you can recalculate the measurement values so that
three of them are zeroed as the reference. The program calculates
these three points with 120° split.
Use laser D22 with D5 detector, or laser D23 with D6 detector.

3. Place the detector on the first

measurement point and record the value
(zeroing can be made at the first point).
1. Enter the number of 2. Enter the diameter for the Then continue with the rest of the points.
measurement points (6–150). measurement points
(only for documentation). Confirm
Confirm
Confirm [ Zero set the value ]
[ Redo ]
[ Back ] [ Back ]
C58
 (28) FLANGE

With reference points.

Ref. points

Last point
Line that connects
first and last point.

First measurement

4. The result can be displayed as a Selecting reference points.

point again.
C
table or a graph. The largest deviation Three of the measurement points can be set as reference
from zero sets the scale on the display to by setting one point as reference. The program calculates
one of three possible. Smallest and largest the two others, evenly placed on the circle. The reference
measurement values are displayed as Min. points are set to zero. The other points will be recalculated.
and Max. Up to 10 measurement points New reference points can be set on a previous stored
can be displayed at each page. measurement.

[ Back to registration of the last point [ Set reference points ]

(can only be done before pressing another
button).] [ Restore reference points ]

[ Shift to previous page ]

[ Shift to next page ]

[ Toggle between table and graph ]

[ New measurement from point 1 ]

Flatness measurement
of slewing bearing.

C59
INTRODUCTION SHEAVE ALIGNMENT

Errors for belt transmissions

The two sheaves/shafts are not parallel ................................ Unparallelity (A)
The two sheaves are parallel but not in line........................... Parallel offset (B)
The machines are neither parallel or in line ........................... Unparallelity (C)

Causes:
Abnormal wear on sheaves, belts, sealings and bearings.
Decreased efficiency.
Increased vibration and noise.
(A) (B) (C)
Check before alignment:
Check the sheaves for radial runout. Uncentered sheaves or bent shafts will
make it impossible to perform an accurate alignment.

Check the sheaves for axial runout. If possible, adjust with

the mounting screws of the bushings.

Check that the machine is resting evenly on the feet Softfoot

(e.g no softfoot).

Recommendations for alignment:

When the right belt tension is achieved, the shafts, and maybe the foundation,
will be bent a little. When you start the machine the shafts will straighten again.
Negative alignment
Therefore it is recommended that the sheaves/shafts point a little bit negative (much exaggerated)
(see picture to the right).

C60
 (29) BTA DIGITAL; measurement procedure

This page describes the measurement in summary. Mount the Laser transmitter on the sheaves
On the following pages the measurement is described of the (S) machine with the laser aperture
in greater detail. towards the sheaves of the (M) machine. Let
NOTE! Also read the “Safety precautions” page. the magnets attach to a flat, tooled surface
and spread them to make up a triangle as
Mounting the equipment on the machines large as possible (1).
The magnets are super magnets with great force which
means you have to be careful not to get your fingers Mount the detector unit.
C
caught. Also try to soften the touch to the sheaves by Aim the laser scan at the detector unit.
putting just one magnet to sheave first, then turning Start program “BTA DIGITAL”
the other ones in.
First perform an alignment check according
to steps 3–8 without aligning the machine
S M (“CHECK”). (You can also align the machine
directly during the “check” if you are not
1 going to document how the machine was
standing before the alignment or if you know
that the machine is out of alignment.)

Document the measurement result for

misaligned machine.

Perform the alignment according to steps

6–7 (“ALIGNMENT”) for the measurement
values shown.(Text on grey bottom.)

Document the measurement result for the

aligned machine.
Continued ➥
C61
(29) BTA DIGITAL

1. Start program BTA DIGITAL 2. Choose 1, BTA DIGITAL.

Press or

[ See page F4 for “Calibration”. ]

Alt. 1 Alt. 2

M M

3. Face the side of the sheave on which the BTAd

shall be attached to and is to choose with between
the above shown settings; movable (M) machine to the
right or to the left of the stationary machine. NOTE! From here on, the manual only describes
setting Alt. 1 with movable machine to the right,
Confirm with since the procedure is the same as for Alt. 2.

C62
 (29) BTA DIGITAL

4. Measure and enter the distance between the feet

C
pair F1 and F2 on the movable machine.

Confirm distance with F2

F1
[ Back ]

The distance from the belt

to the axial face of the
sheave can be different for
both the sheaves. To
calculate a possible offset
5. Enter the sheave face width
the system requires both
If equal widths on both the sheaves, accept “width” 1 the sheave widths. If the
with for both S and M sheave. sheave widths are equal for
the two sheaves you just
If different widths, enter each width S and M. Confirm confirm the pre set (1) for
each width with both S and M.
[ Back ]
Continued ➥
C63
(29) BTA DIGITAL

6. [ CHECK ]
Mount the detector unit as described at
the picture to the right.

Register the Vertical measurement value

[ Back ] Mount the detector unit on the sheave of the movable

(M) machine, with the detector arm perpendicular to the
machine foundation and the connection downwards.
6. [ ALIGNMENT ] Turn the detector housings so the apertures faces the
Adjust the machine according to the shim value (the laser. A clear view is necessary between laser and
display shows the shim value for the feet F1 or F2 that detector, therefore it is best to place the detector
between the sheave shafts as shown on the display.
are lowest). The value is updated in live.

Confirm adjustment with With the detector unit

mounted vertically, any
difference of the
[ Back ]
measurement values from the
detectors will give a vertical
angle (top–bottom). With the
help of the feet distance the
correction value is calculated
F2
(F1 or F2).

C64
 (29) BTA DIGITAL

7. [ CHECK ]
C
Mount the detector unit as described at
the picture to the right.

Register the Horizontal measurement value Place the detector unit in position as shown on the display
so the detector arm is parallel with the machine foundation
[ Back ] and with the connection pointing away from S. Turn the
detector housings so that the apertures faces the laser.

7. [ ALIGNMENT ]
Adjust the machine in horizontal way according to the
value on the display. The value is updated in live. S
First adjust possible angular value, then the offset (for With the detector unit mounted
explanation of offset, see next page). horizontally, any difference of
the measurement values from
the detectors will give a
Confirm adjustment with
horizontal angle (side–side).
Angle and offset are shown.
[ Back ]
M

Continued ➥
C65
(29) BTA DIGITAL

Offset

8. [ CHECK and ALIGNMENT ]

The result for the whole measurement is shown.
The values are frozen (No longer live). Offset
Save or Print out the measurement result if wanted.

To begin the actual alignment according to step 6

and 7 [ ALIGNMENT ], press

Offset: The measurement value at a calculated point

between the detectors will give a measure of the axial
offset. By compensating for possible difference in
sheave face width, the value is calculated and displayed.
Take care of the axial offset by, if possible, loosing and
moving the sheave on the shaft, otherwise by parallel
adjusting the whole movable machine. Check so that the
axial runout does not exceed the limit value.

C66
 (31) HALF CIRCLE
Note: Also see program
Half CirclePlus(36), page C78.
The Half-Circle program is used mostly for the
measurement and alignment of bearing journals
and diapraghms in turbines together with the
turbine fixtures.
9 6 3

C
Measurement positions with program Half Circle

Rough adjustment of laser

Place the laser transmitter at the first journal.
E: Vertical parallel adjustment 1 2
F: Horizontal parallel adjustment
G: Vertical angle adjustment
H: Horizontal angle adjustment

E
G
1. Place Centring target at the measurement position furthest away from the laser
transmitter. Adjust the angle of the laser beam on G and H until it hits the centre of target.
2. Place Centring target at the measurement position nearest the laser transmitter. Adjust
the parallelity of the laser beam on E and F until it hits the centre of target.
Redo step 1: Place Centring target at the measurement position furthest away from the
laser transmitter. Adjust the angle on G and H again until the laser beam hits the centre of target.
F H Now the laser beam is roughly adjusted to the centre of journals.

Continued ➥
C67
(31) HALF CIRCLE

Adjusting the detector fixture 3

2
1

1. Mount the right length of measurement probe.

2. Mount the detector on the fixture. In the 6 o’clock
position, adjust the detector position on risers so that the
laser hits at the same height as closed detector target.
3. Adjust fixture horizontally until the laser beam hits the
centre of closed target. Lock the handles.

The fixture can easily be

extended for larger diameters.
There are a lot of possibilities and
combinations for mounting the magnet
bases and detector slide.

C68
 (31) HALF CIRCLE

1. Enter the number of

measurement points
2. Are the distances between the
measurement points equal?
3. Enter the distances.
If evenly placed points, just enter
C
(2–150). Yes or No? this distance and confirm

Confirm Toggle between No / Yes with

If different distances, enter each
[ Redo ] Confirm choice with distance and confirm each

R 270.0 R 0.1 R 90.1

1 1 1

4. Turn detector unit to 5. Turn detector unit 6. Turn detector unit to

the 9 o’clock position. to the 6 o’clock position. the 3 o’clock position.

Record the value Record the value Record the value

Continued ➥
C69
(31) HALF CIRCLE

Without reference points

R 270.0
Ref.
2

Ref.

7. Move the fixture to the next measurement point (2).

Adjust the fixture according to instructions at page C68

for this measurement position.

Turn the detector unit to the 9, 6 and 3 o’clock positions

and record the values at each position as before.

9. The result can be displayed either as a table or as a graph.

8. Continue with the other measurement points until The graph can display vertical (V) or horizontal (H) measurement
the whole object has been measured. values. Measurement point 1 is to the left. The largest deviation
from zero sets the scale to one of three possible. The smallest
and largest measurement values are displayed as Min. and Max.

Selecting reference points.

Two of the measurement points can be selected as reference
points, which will set them to zero. Example:

1. Press to get to “set reference points”-mode.

2. Press then to set measurement point 1 to zero.

3. Press then to set measurement point 5 to zero.

C70
 (34) STRAIGHTNESS PLUS
Note: Also see program
The StraightnessPlus program differs from the Straightness(22), page C39.
standard Straightness program (22) in that way that you Point No.
can add and delete measurement points, or
remeasure a previously recorded point anytime during
the measurement. You can also set an offset value for
the reference line, making the program calculate the
correct offset adjustment values automatically. Other
differences are that you always enter the distance
Distance C
measured from point 1 (the distance is what tells the Distance always measured from point 1.
program which point is which), and that you tell the
distance when adding a point, not in advance. Point No.

As you do not have to tell the program how many

points you are going to measure before starting the
measurement it is not cruicial to prepare for the
measurement by marking the desired measurement
points, but it is still a good idea to do so. The program Adding points in between renumbers
can handle up to 150 measurement points with two the existing following points.
zero points.
Set the laser according to measurement principle on
page E15.
Point No.
Use laser transmitter D22, D23 or D75 and detector
D5, D6 or D157 with suitable fixtures depending on
application.
For straightness measurement you can also use S-
Deleting points in between renumbers
and M-unit (see page D5).
the existing following points.

Continued ➥
C71
(34) STRAIGHTNESS PLUS

1. Detector values are displayed. 2. Measurement values are listed. 3. Add/edit measurement point.
Current values calculated upon No live values. Recorded points, sorted by Enter the distance from point 1 (the
distances and reference settings. distance. Maximum five points at each leftmost point).
The measurement point number is page. (Remeasuring or adjusting values for a
calculated from the distances. previous recorded point is performed by
Recording a new point will renumber Add new point or remeasure entering the distance to that point.
higher points. Recording values at a Recording will delete the old values for
previous recorded distance will erase [Set ref. points ] the point.)
the old values. Two points can at
this moment be set to ref. points. [Cancel all ref. points ] Confirm entered distance

Record the values [Set offset ] (After confirming a new point/distance

the program jumps to step1, ”Detector
[Set the point as a ref. point [Graphic display of the values ] values are displayed”.)
(after two references are set this is
performed from the list display [Return to Memory Menu (if restored) ] [Back to list ]
instead.)]
[Delete point from the list ]
[Show/hide the H value ]
[Next list page ]
[ Back to distances ]
[Previous list page ]

(Perform additional steps only if wanted, or continue with step 3.)

C72
 (34) STRAIGHTNESS PLUS

References
Shows the current reference points.
Set new or cancel a ref. point.

Set the entered point as a ref.

C
Entering number 0 will cancel a
previously set ref. point. Diagram
Graphical display of the values. Point 1
is to the left. The highest deviation from
zero sets the scaling.
Offset
1. You always get the question [Back to list ]
to change/set Ref. points [Toggle between V / H display ]
before setting Offset value.
When/if OK, press

Delete point
Enter the number for the point to delete.
NOTE! The remaining points with higher
number will be renumbered.
2. Next step is to enter values for Vertical and
Horizontal offset for the Reference points.
Delete the entered point
Enter figure, then press
[Back to list (no deletion will be made) ]
[Press before figure for negative value (-) ]

C73
(35) CENTER OF CIRCLE PLUS
Note: Also see program
The Center of circle Plus program is used for Center Of Circle(23), page C42.
straightness measurement of bores e.g. bearing Point No.
journals when the diameters vary.

The Center of circle Plus program differs from

the standard Center of circle program (23) in that
way that you can add and delete measurement Distance
points, or remeasure a previously recorded point
anytime during the measurement. You can also Distance always measured from point 1.
set an offset value for the reference line, making
the program calculate the correct offset Point No.
adjustment values automatically. Other
differences are that you always enter the distance
measured from point 1 (the distance is what tells
the program which point is which), and that you
tell the distance when adding a point, not in
advance. Adding points in between renumbers
Best performance when using the Linebore the existing following points.
system, but lasers D75/D22 and detectors D5/
D157 can also be used with suitable fixtures.

Point No.

Deleting points in between renumbers

the existing following points.

C74
 (35) CENTER OF CIRCLE PLUS

R 180.1

1. Place the detector on the assigned point, 2. Turn the detector 180°.
record first measurement value in position 6. Record second value in position 12.

Confirm value Confirm

[ Show / Hide H-value with ]

NOTE! If the H-value is not displayed when registering [Back ]
the last value it cannot be displayed again.

[Back ]

Continued ➥
C75
(35) CENTER OF CIRCLE PLUS

3. Detector values are displayed. 4. Measurement values are listed. 5. Add/edit measurement point.
Current values calculated upon No live values. Recorded points, sorted by Enter the distance from point 1 (the
distances and reference settings. distance. Maximum five points at each leftmost point).
The measurement point number is page. (Remeasuring or adjusting values for a
calculated from the distances. previous recorded point is performed by
Recording a new point will renumber Add new point or remeasure entering the distance to that point.
higher points. Recording values at a Recording will delete the old values for
previous recorded distance will erase [Set ref. points ] the point.)
the old values. Two points can at
this moment be set to ref. points. [Cancel all ref. points ] Confirm entered distance

Record the values [Set offset ] (After confirming a new point/distance

the program jumps to step1, ”Place the
[Set the point as a ref. point [Graphic display of the values ] detector on...”.)
(after two references are set this is
performed from the list display [Return to Memory Menu (if restored) ] [Back to list ]
instead.)]
[Delete point from the list ]
[Show/hide the H value ]
[Next list page ]
[ Back to distances ]
[Previous list page ]

(Perform additional steps only if wanted, or continue with step 5.)

C76
 (35) CENTER OF CIRCLE PLUS

References
Shows the current reference points.
Set new or cancel a ref. point.

Set the entered point as a ref.

Entering number 0 will cancel a

previously set ref. point. Diagram
Graphical display of the values. Point 1
C
is to the left. The highest deviation from
zero sets the scaling.
Offset
1. You always get the question [Back to list ]
to change/set Ref. points [Toggle between V / H display ]
before setting Offset value.
When/if OK, press

Delete point
Enter the number for the point to delete.
NOTE! The remaining points with higher
number will be renumbered.
2. Next step is to enter values for Vertical and
Horizontal offset for the Reference points.
Delete the entered point
Enter figure, then press
[Back to list (no deletion will be made) ]
[Press before figure for negative value (-) ]

C77
(36) HALF CIRCLE PLUS
Note: Also see program
The Half-Circle Plus program is used mostly for Half Circle(31), page C67.
the measurement and alignment of bearing journals Point No.
and diapraghms in turbines together with the turbine
fixtures.

The Half-Circle Plus program differs from the

standard Half-Circle program (31) in that way that Distance
you can add and delete measurement points, or
remeasure a previously recorded point anytime Distance always measured from point 1.
during the measurement. You can also set an offset
value for the reference line, making the program Point No.
calculate the correct offset adjustment values
automatically. Other differences are that you always
enter the distance measured from point 1 (the
distance is what tells the program which point is
which), and that you tell the distance when adding a
point, not in advance. Adding points in between renumbers
the existing following points.
As you do not have to tell the program how many
points you are going to measure before starting the
measurement it is not cruicial to prepare for the
measurement by marking the desired measurement Point No.
points, but it is still a good idea to do so. The
program can handle up to 150 measurement points
with two zero points.
Deleting points in between renumbers
Important! Read pages C67 and C68 before
the existing following points.
starting the measurement.

C78
 (36) HALF CIRCLE PLUS

R 90.1 1. Record first value. 4. Detector values are displayed.

Turn detector unit to Current values calculated upon distances and
1 the 9 o’clock position. reference settings. The measurement point
number is calculated from the distances.
Record the value Recording a new point will renumber higher
points. Recording values at a previous
recorded distance will erase the old values.

R 270.0
Two points can at this moment be set to ref.
points. The H or V value can be Live C
depending on the position of the detector and
by pressing abutton.
R 0.1 2. Turn detector unit
to the 6 o’clock position. Record the point
1
Record the value (When Live display, the point will be
remeasured.)

[Set the point as a ref. point

(after two references are set this is performed
from the list display instead.)]
R 270.0 3. Turn detector unit to
the 3 o’clock position. [Back to first measuring position 9 o’clock ]
1
Record the value [When Live display, toggle V / H ]

[Live display of V or H value ]

Continued ➥
C79
(36) HALF CIRCLE PLUS

5. Measurement values are listed. 6. Add/edit measurement point.

No live values. Recorded points, sorted by Enter the distance from point 1 (the
distance. Maximum five points at each leftmost point).
page. (Remeasuring or adjusting values for a
previous recorded point is performed by
Add new point or remeasure entering the distance to that point.
Recording will delete the old values for
[Set ref. points ] the point.)

[Cancel all ref. points ] Confirm entered distance

[Set offset ] (After confirming a new point/distance

the program jumps to step1, ”Record
[Graphic display of the values ] first value”.)

[Return to Memory Menu (if restored) ] [Back to list ]

[Delete point from the list ]

[Next list page ]

[Previous list page ]

(Perform additional steps only if wanted, or continue with step 6.)

C80
 (36) HALF CIRCLE PLUS

References
Shows the current reference points.
Set new or cancel a ref. point.

Set the entered point as a ref.

C
Entering number 0 will cancel a
previously set ref. point. Diagram
Graphical display of the values. Point 1
is to the left. The highest deviation from
zero sets the scaling.
Offset
1. You always get the question [Back to list ]
to change/set Ref. points [Toggle between V / H display ]
before setting Offset value.
When/if OK, press

Delete point
Enter the number for the point to delete.
NOTE! The remaining points with higher
number will be renumbered.
2. Next step is to enter values for Vertical and
Horizontal offset for the Reference points.
Delete the entered point
Enter figure, then press
[Back to list (no deletion will be made) ]
[Press before figure for negative value (-) ]

C81
(38) PARALLELISM PLUS
Note: Also see program
ParallelismPlus program. For the Parallelism(27), page C55.
measurement of parallelism between e.g. rolls. Object No.
The ParallelismPlus program differs from the
standard Parallelism program (27) in that way that
you can add and delete measurement objects, or
remeasure a previously recorded object anytime
during the measurement. Other differences are
that you add objects to measure one after each
other, not in advance, and that you can measure Example: five rolls are measured...
the Baseline. Note! Baseline measurement can
only be performed at step 3. Object No.

The program uses the 90° deviation in the

angular prism D46 to create a number of parallel
laser beams. Up to 150 rolls or other objects can
be handled by the program. The result is dis-
played graphically with the angular value for an
eventual deviation from parallelity. Any object or Adding objects in between renumbers
the base line can be selected as the reference the existing following objects.
afterwards.
The most common setup for parallelism Object No.
measurement is laser D22 and prism D46 mounted
on tripods, detector D5 on magnet base or sliding
bracket. Large target base line or Large target
support with detector may also be used.

Deleting objects in between renumbers

the existing following objects.
C82
 (38) PARALLELISM PLUS

Selecting reference for the measurement

Example 1. Base line as reference

Base line (Ref.)

C
Example 2. First roll as reference

Base line

Example of a parallelism measurement :

1. Level the vertical swivel of the laser according to the vial.
2. Rough align the vertical turning according to the vial on the laser head.
3. Aim the laser perpendicular to the measurement objects (e.g. rolls). If the line made out by
the laser beam is to be the reference, you now fine adjust to the detector on the machine sides.
4. Place the Angular prism D46 with free sight to both two positions of the detector on the roll to
be measured. Calibrate the prism according to its instructions (see page “D46” in chapter A).
5. Adjust the beam on to the detector at one end of the roll and record the first value.
6. Move the detector to the other end, adjust the beam and record the second value.
7. Move the Angular prism to the next roll, calibrate and then record according to step 5 and 6.
NOTE! Measurement shall only be done with the detector levelled according to its vials, or
according to the angular value on the display, supported by the electronic inclinometers.
Continued ➥
C83
(38) PARALLELISM PLUS

Example: One object Place the detector in

already measured. horizontal position
(90° or 270°).

1. Enter a name for the 3. If you want to perform a Baseline measurement

object to be measured. press and follow the instructions.
(Note! This is the only time during the
Confirm measurement procedure that a baseline
measurement can be performed.)

After this, enter the position of the first

measurement point (left / right and front / rear)
as displyed.

Move the detector mark on the display with

Place the detector at the measurement point

assigned on the display and record the first
value.
2. Enter the distances between
the measurement points 1–2. Confirm value

Confirm [Back ]

[Back ]

(Perform additional steps only if wanted,

or continue with step 4, page C86.)

C84
 (38) PARALLELISM PLUS

Baseline measurement
To start with the laser is set as Reference. By recording two points at the baseline, the true
baseline can be used as ref. The baseline will be named object 0. Use the fixture for baseline
measurement and enter the distance between the two points.

Enter the distance Record the first point. Record the second point.
between Baseline start
and end points. Confirm value Confirm value

Confirm distance [Back ] [Back ]

[Back ]

Continued ➥
C85
(38) PARALLELISM PLUS

4. Record point 2. 5. Recorded objects are listed. 6. Add new object.

The detector mark is positioned. If Baseline or an object is reference The Object number is default set to
Move the detector to the it is marked at the display. a new object. To edit an existing
assigned point. The angle is object, enter the number of that
displayed with changeable unit. Measure new object object instead.
(Or remeasure existing)
Confirm value Add object
[Enter Ref. Object ] (Or remeasure. The program
[Enter Object length ] jumps to step 1, ”Enter a name...”)
[Set Laser as ref. ]
[Toggle Angular presentation ] [Back ]
[Enter Object length ]
[Back ]
[Toggle Angular presentation ]

Object length [Graphical display ]

If entering an object length this
value can be used to recalculate [Delete object ]
the angle of the object to a true
adjustment value, regardless of [Next List page ]
where on the object the detector
is placed during the [Previous List page ]
measurement.

C86
 (38) PARALLELISM PLUS

Enter Object length.

Confirm value

[Back ]

Angle / unit
(e.g. /meter, /inch) Angle / object length Reference object C
Enter the object number. Object 0 is
the baseline.

Confirm object

[Back ]

Graphical display
Showing the direction of the angle in graphics.

Measure new object (Or remeasure existing)

[Set displayed object as Reference ]

Delete object
[Set Laser as Reference ] Enter the number for the object to delete.
NOTE! The remaining objects with higher
[Toggle Angular presentation ] number will be renumbered.
[Back to list display ] Delete entered object
[Next object ] [Back ]
[Previous object ]

C87