Problem
As an Infrastructure Engineer, you are required to propose a drainage system at Taman
Teknologi Industri, University Malaysia Pahang (UMP). Please propose the design by utilizing
problem analysis skill to solve problem that currently occuring at the site. Upon completion of
your design proposal, you are expected to review and reflect the design skill that you have
produce.
Solution
References Calculation Output
Development project area 7.07 ha
Relevant
Sub-catchment area 0.000665 ha
Layout Plan
Type of land use Open spaces
Estimate time of concentration, tc :
Length of overland flow 8m
Slope 0.014
Velocity, V 0.6 m/s
Overland time flow, to 2.6 minutes
Channel flow time, td 12.63 minutes
Design chart
𝑑 118𝑚+336.55𝑚
2.A1 td = =
𝑣 0.6𝑚/𝑠
where:
d = length of overland flow
v = velocity
tc = to + td = 2.6 + 12.63 0.25 hour
Design average recurrence interval , ARI 30 years
Estimate rainfall intensity, i
𝜆𝑇ᵏ
𝑖=
(𝑑 + 𝜃)ᶯ
where:
Table 2.B1 𝑖 = the average rainfall intensiy (mm/hr) for selected ARI (T)
and storm duration (d);
𝑇 = average recurrence interval, ARI (years)
d = storm duration (hours); 0.20 < d < 72; and
𝜆, K, 𝜃, ᶯ = fitting constant dependent on the rain gauge location.
𝜆𝑇ᵏ 4.56
𝑖 = (𝑑+𝜃)ᶯ = 0.51 8.94 mm/hour
References Calculation Output
Design flow,
𝐶𝑖𝐴
𝑄=
3600
where:
Q = peak flow (m3/s);
C = runoff coefficient;
I = average rainfall intensity over time flow of concentration, tc
(mm/hr); and
A = drainage area (ha).
0.89 × 0.0089m × 74110.5m² 0.16 m³/s
3600
Sizing for proposed drain:
Manning n for concrete lining 0.015
Table 2.3 Drain slope, S 0.5%
Width drain, W 1.0 m
Depth, D 0.6 m
Side slope, Z 0m
Check flow velocity, V:
1 2
1
V= 𝑛 𝑆 2 𝑅 3
where:
n = 0.012
S = 0.5% 1
176
A = (B + ZD)D = [1.0 + 0 (0.6)] 0.6 0.6 m2
Manning’s
equation 𝑃 = 𝐵 + 2𝐷√1 + 𝑍 2 = 1.0 + 2 (0.6) √1 + 02 2.2 m
𝐴 0.6 0.27 m
𝑅= = 2.2
𝑃
1 2
1
V= 𝑛 𝑆 2 𝑅 3 2.45m/s
1 2
1 1
= 0.012 (176)2 (0.27)3
Assuming velocity, v 0.6 m/s
Check: 0.6 > v > 2.45
OK
References Calculation Output
Check design flow:
Q = VA 1.47m3/s
= 2.45 m/s x 0.6 m2
Assuming peak flow, Q 0.16 m³/s
0.16 > Q > 1.47
OK
Proposed drain dimensions
*Drawing not in scale
*Unit in mm
References
(DID), G. o. (23 May 2012). Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA
2nd Edition). Malaysia: [Link].
The preliminary sizing estimation procedure for drain is given below:
Step 1:
Estimate the design discharge, Q based on the design minor ARI using rational method.
Step 2:
Estimate Manning’s n of the lining material.
Step 3:
Select the design cross-section. Determine the depth and the minimum base width for the
proposed system. Determine the proposed drain capacity using Manning’s Equation.
Step 4:
Compare the estimated drain capacity with the calculated design discharge, Q. If the drain
capacity is found to be inadequate, then the drain cross section should be modified to increase
the capacity. Likewise a reduction in the cross section may also be required if the drain is not
to be overdesigned. In the case of any modification to drain cross section, repeat step 3.
Step 5:
Calculate the average flow velocity from V= Q/A and check that it is within the maximum and
minimum velocity criteria for the open drain. If not, adjust the drain dimensions and return step
3.
Step 6:
Determine the flow depth, d and check if d is within required limits for the open drain type. If
not, adjust the drain dimension and return to Step 3.