SCREW FASTENERS
(Module 2)
SUBJECT: MACHINE DRAWING
4th Semester
Year: 2025-26
Prepared by:
PALASH SAIKIA
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Bineswar Brahma Engineering College
Kokrajhar, Assam
1
Introduction
Introduction, Screw Thread Nomenclature, Forms of
Thread, Thread Profiles V Thread, Buttress Tread, British
Standard with worth (B.S.W) Thread, Square Thread
ACME Thread, Worm Thread, Thread designation, Multi
start Thread, left hand thread, right hand thread, Locking
devices for nuts, Different types of bolts and nuts.
2
Introduction
▪ A screw thread is formed by cutting a helical groove on a
cylindrical surface. The threaded rod is called a screw.
Fig 1: Thread cutting on Lathe Machine with SPCT 3
Introduction
▪ The screws are used for joining two parts temporary. Therefore, such
joint is known as the detachable joint or temporary joint.
▪ Threads are generally cut on Lathe machine.
4
Introduction
▪ On a small-size screw, thread is
often cut by means of a tool
called a die.
▪ A small size hole is threaded by
means of a tool called a tap.
Fig 2: Thread cutting die
Fig 3: Thread cutting Tap
5
Screw Thread Nomenclature
Various parts of a screw thread:
1. Crest: It is the outermost part of a thread.
2. Root: It is the inner-most part of a thread.
3. Flank: It is the surface between the crest
and the root.
4. Depth: It is the distance between the crest
and root.
5. Nominal Diameter: It is the diameter of the
cylindrical piece on which the thread is cut.
A screw is specified by it.
6. Outside or Major Diameter: It is the
diameter at the crest of the thread measured
Fig 4: Screw Thread Nomenclature
at right angles to the axis of the screw. 6
Screw Thread Nomenclature
7. Core or Minor Diameter: It is the diameter at the core or root of the
thread. It is the smallest diameter of the screw.
8. Pitch: It is the distance measured parallel to the axis, between a point on
one thread form and a corresponding point on the adjacent thread form,
i.e. from crest to crest or root to root.
9. Lead: It is the distance measured parallel to the axis from a point on a
thread to a corresponding point on the same thread after one complete
revolution.
7
Forms of Screw Thread
The two main forms of screw threads are
i. Triangular or V thread
ii. Square thread
Other forms are either modified forms of a square thread or combination
of the two forms.
Fig 5: Triangular or V-thread Fig 6: Square Thread 8
Triangular or V Thread
a) Unified thread:
▪ The International Organization for Standardization (I.S.O) has
decided to adopt the Unified Screw thread profile as the I.S.O basic
profile.
▪ They also decided to recognize two separate I.S.O. series based on
▪ Inch system
▪ Metric system
Types of thread Thread angle Theoretical depth, D Actual depth, d
External Thread 60o 0.866 P 0.61 P
Internal Thread 60o 0.866 P 0.54 P
9
Triangular or V Thread
Fig 7: Unified Thread
10
Triangular or V Thread
b) Metric Thread
▪ The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has recommended the
adoption of the Unified screw thread profile based on
Metric system as a standard form for use in India.
▪ It is designated as Metric screw thread with I.S.O. profile.
Metric thread is designated by the letter M followed by the
nominal diameter, e.g. M30, where 30 is the nominal
diameter of the screw in millimeters.
11
Triangular or V Thread
c) Whitworth Thread
▪ The form of thread is also known as British Standard
Whitworth (B.S.W.) thread.
▪ It has been adopted as a standard form in the United Kingdom.
Fig 8: Whitworth Thread 12
Triangular or V Thread
d) Sellers thread
▪ The form of thread is adopted as a standard form in U.S.A.
▪ Theoretical depth, D = 0.866 P
▪ Actual depth, d = ¾ D = 0.649 P
Fig 9: Sellers Thread
13
Triangular or V Thread
e) British Association (B.A.) thread
▪ It is generally used for small instrument screws.
▪ Theoretical depth, D = 1.136 P
▪ Actual depth, d = 0.6 P
Fig 10: British Association Thread
14
Square Thread
▪ Its flanks or sides normal to the axis and hence, parallel to each
other.
▪ Primarily used in applications where high power transmission
efficiency and high-load capacity are necessary
Fig 11: Square Thread
15
Square Thread
a) Acme thread
▪ It is a modification of the square thread.
▪ Used in lead-screw of the lathe machine.
▪ The thread angle is 29o.
Fig 12: Acme Thread 16
Square Thread
b) Knuckle thread
▪ Another modification of square thread.
▪ Used in coupler of railway carriages and electrical bulbs.
Fig 13: Knuckle Thread
17
Square Thread
c) Buttress thread
▪ It is a combination of the triangular and square threads.
▪ Its use is commonly made in the screw of a bench-vice.
Fig 14: Buttress Thread 18