Algebraic Expressions
Expressions Involving Subtraction Key Concepts
- 30 less than x = x - 30
- The difference of 2 and y = 2 - y 1. Measures of Central Tendency
- c decreased by 2 = c - 2 ○ Definition: Single values that represent the
- 7 less than y = y - 7 general magnitude or characteristics of a
- 6 reduced by x = 6 - x data set.
- 20 less L = 20 - L ○ Types:
■ Mean: Arithmetic average.
Expressions Involving Addition ■ Median: Middle value in an ordered
- The sum of 2 and x = 2 + x data set.
- 8 increased by 2 = 8 + 2 ■ Mode: Most frequently occurring
- 7 more than y = 7 + y value.
- 6 greater than x = 6 + x 2. Mean of Ungrouped Data
- Exceeds 1 by 20 = 20 + 1 or 1 + 20
○ Formula:
■ : Sample mean
Expressions Involving Multiplication
■ : Sum of all values
- The product of 2 and 5 = 2 times 5
■ : Total number of observations
- 10 times x = 10•x
○ Example: For data set {21, 26, 22, 18, 30,
- Twice y = 2y
24},
- Triple z = 3z
3. Median of Ungrouped Data
- Of a number t =½ • t or t • 1/2
○ Steps:
Expressions Involving Division ■ Arrange data in
- The quotient of 20 and 5 = 20 (division sign) 5 ascending/descending order.
- 7 divided by 4 = 7 (division sign) ■ Determine (number of values).
- x split into 12 parts = x/12 ■ If is odd: N+1/2
■ If is even: (x-)(x~)(N/2)th
Real Life Examples of Algebraic Expressions value & (N/+1 2)
4. Mode of Ungrouped Data
1. Sally's Shots: Sally made 20 more shots than Kevin, k. ○ Definition: Value that appears most
Write an algebraic expression to represent how many shots frequently.
Sally made. ○ Distributions:
k + 20 or 20 + k ■ Unimodal (one mode)
2. Damon's Candies: Damon bought a bin of 68 sour ■ Bimodal (two modes)
candies. He ate c candies. Write an algebraic expression to ■ Multimodal (three or more modes)
represent how many candies Damon has left. ■ No mode (all values appear equally)
68 - c
When you spot a less than, the second number will go first
than the first
Example: 7-2= Two less than seven
Example: 10-4= 4 less 10 or 4 less than 10
Mnemonics & Memory Aids
● ME-MA-MO to remember:
○ Mean = Average
○ Median = Middle value
○ Mode = Most frequent
● For Median:
○ Odd = (N+1)/2 – "One and done."
○ Even = Average of N/2 values – "Even steven,
add and split."
1. Measures of Central Tendency
O
● Key Concepts:
○ Mean: Average of a data set; suitable for 5. Practical Applications
quantitative data.
● Interpreting Results:
○ Median: Middle value in a sorted data
set; effective for ordinal data and when ○ The mean provides an overall average.
data has outliers. ○ The median is useful to determine the
○ Mode: Most frequently occurring value; middle ground especially with skewed
used for categorical data. data.
● Mnemonic: MMM ○ The mode helps identify the most
common occurrences, crucial in surveys.
○ Mean, Median, Mode
● Example Questions:
○ What does a mean score of 70 imply
about the class performance?
○ If the median salary in a city is $50,000,
2. Interpreting the Mean what can be inferred about the income
distribution?
● Definition: Represents a "fair share" or
balancing point in a data set.
● Calculation:
○ Mean (x̄) = (Sum of all data values) / 6. Quick Reference Notes
(Number of data points)
● Example: For data set [5, 10, 15], ● When to Use Each Measure:
○ Mean: Use when data is symmetrical
● Strategic Tip: Use the mean to compare without outliers; most informative for
different groups (e.g., average scores of two large data sets.
○ Median: Use when data has outliers;
classes).
better for ordinal data.
○ Mode: Use for categorical data;
identifies the most common item
3. Interpreting the Median
● Definition: The value that separates the higher
half from the lower half of a data set.
● Calculation Steps:
○ Sort the data.
○ If (number of observations) is odd,
Median =
○ th value.
○ If is even, Median = average of the
○ th and
○ th values.
● Example: For sorted data set [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:
○ Median = 3 (odd N)
● Memory Aid: Median = Middle Value
4. Interpreting the Mode
Steps to Add Monomials
1. Identify Like Terms: Look for terms with the
● Definition: The most frequently occurring value
same variables.
in a data set. 2. Add Coefficients: Keep variables and exponents
● Usage Context: Suitable for categorical data the same.
○ Example:
where the most common category is of
interest.
● Example: In the data set [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4],
the mode is 3. Adding Polynomials
● Quick Reference: ● Stacking Method: Line up like terms for clarity.
● Example:
○ Mode = Most Common
Steps to Subtract Monomials
Key Vocabulary 1. Change Subtraction to Addition: Follow the
Keep-Change-Change rule.
● Monomials 2. Align Like Terms.
○ Definition: An algebraic expression with ○ Example: For :
one term.
○ Examples: , ,
● Polynomials
○ Definition: An expression consisting of
one or more monomials added or Subtracting Polynomials
subtracted.
● Identify Like Terms and Subtract Coefficients.
○ Examples: ,
● Example:
○ For :
Like Terms
● Definition: Terms with the same variables
raised to the same powers. Quick Reference Notes
● Key Point: The coefficients can be different.
● Polynomials are Commutative: The order of
● Example: and are like terms.
addition doesn’t matter.
● Remember: Zero coefficients in terms simplify
to zero.
Memory Aids ● Practice: Consistently practice identifying like
terms and combining coefficients for speed and
● Mnemonic for Like Terms: "Same Variables,
accuracy.
Same Exponents" (SVSE).
● Keep-Change-Change for Subtraction:
○ Change subtraction to addition – "Keep"
the first term, "Change" the operator to
addition, and "Change" the second term's
sign.
● For Identities: SQUARE (Add, Subtract,
Product):
○ Add/Multiply for square of sum
○ Subtract/Multiply for square of difference
Key Concepts
1. Types of Multiplication in Algebra
● Multiplying a Monomial by a Monomial
● Multiplying Two Monomials
● Multiplying Three or More Monomials
● Multiplying a Monomial by a Polynomial
● Multiplying a Polynomial by a Polynomial
● Multiplying Binomial and Trinomial
2. Multiplying Monomials
● Rule: Multiply coefficients and add the
exponents of like bases.
○ Example:
3. Multiplying Polynomials
● Procedure:
○ Multiply each term of the first
polynomial by each term of the second.
○ Combine like terms.
● Example:
4. Identities
● An equation that holds true for all values of
variables is called an identity.
● Standard Identities:
Mnemonics and Memory Aids
● For Multiplying Polynomials: FOIL (First, Outer,
Inner, Last)