C Programming Lab Assignments

PPS (Principles of Programming and Software)

Solutions with Questions — Lab Day 1 to Day 7

DAY 1 — Basic I/O, Expressions & Menu-Driven Programs

Q1. Write a program in C to calculate area and perimeter of a circle. Radius is user input.
#include <stdio.h>
#define PI 3.14159

int main() {
float radius, area, perimeter;
printf("Enter radius: ");
scanf("%f", &radius);
area = PI * radius * radius;
perimeter = 2 * PI * radius;
printf("Area = %.2f\n", area);
printf("Perimeter = %.2f\n", perimeter);
return 0;
}

Q2. Calculate perimeter of a triangle. 3 sides are given as input.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
float a, b, c, perimeter;
printf("Enter three sides: ");
scanf("%f %f %f", &a, &b, &c);
perimeter = a + b + c;
printf("Perimeter = %.2f\n", perimeter);
return 0;
}

Q3(A). Make the arithmetic operations (i) Add (ii) Subtract (iii) Divide (iv) Multiply on user input
numbers.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
float a, b;
printf("Enter two numbers: ");
scanf("%f %f", &a, &b);
printf("Add = %.2f\n", a + b);
printf("Subtract = %.2f\n", a - b);
printf("Divide = %.2f\n", a / b);
printf("Multiply = %.2f\n", a * b);
return 0;
}

Q3(B). Update the above program as a menu-driven program.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
float a, b;
int choice;
printf("Enter two numbers: ");
scanf("%f %f", &a, &b);
printf("1. Add 2. Subtract 3. Divide 4. Multiply\n");
printf("Enter choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice) {
case 1: printf("Result = %.2f\n", a + b); break;
case 2: printf("Result = %.2f\n", a - b); break;
case 3:
if (b != 0) printf("Result = %.2f\n", a / b);
 else printf("Division by zero!\n");
break;
case 4: printf("Result = %.2f\n", a * b); break;
default: printf("Invalid choice\n");
}
return 0;
}
DAY 2 — Conditional Statements (if-else / switch)

Q1. Input marks of 5 subjects. Calculate percentage and display grade.

Grade criteria: >=90%: A | >=80%: B | >=70%: C | >=60%: D | >=40%: E | <40%: F
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
float phy, chem, bio, math, comp, total, percent;
printf("Enter marks for Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Math, Computer: ");
scanf("%f %f %f %f %f", &phy, &chem, &bio, &math, &comp);
total = phy + chem + bio + math + comp;
percent = total / 5.0;
printf("Percentage = %.2f%%\n", percent);
if (percent >= 90) printf("Grade: A\n");
else if (percent >= 80) printf("Grade: B\n");
else if (percent >= 70) printf("Grade: C\n");
else if (percent >= 60) printf("Grade: D\n");
else if (percent >= 40) printf("Grade: E\n");
else printf("Grade: F\n");
return 0;
}

Q2. Input basic salary of an employee and calculate Gross salary.

Rules: Salary <=10000: HRA=20%, DA=80% | <=20000: HRA=25%, DA=90% | >20000: HRA=30%,
DA=95%
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
float basic, hra, da, gross;
printf("Enter basic salary: ");
scanf("%f", &basic);
if (basic <= 10000) { hra = 0.20 * basic; da = 0.80 * basic; }
else if (basic <= 20000) { hra = 0.25 * basic; da = 0.90 * basic; }
else { hra = 0.30 * basic; da = 0.95 * basic; }
gross = basic + hra + da;
printf("HRA = %.2f, DA = %.2f\n", hra, da);
printf("Gross Salary = %.2f\n", gross);
return 0;
}

Q3. Input electricity units and calculate total bill with 20% surcharge.
Rate: First 50 units: Rs.0.50 | Next 100: Rs.0.75 | Next 100: Rs.1.20 | Above 250: Rs.1.50
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int units;
float bill = 0;
printf("Enter units consumed: ");
scanf("%d", &units);
if (units <= 50) bill = units * 0.50;
else if (units <= 150) bill = 50*0.50 + (units-50)*0.75;
else if (units <= 250) bill = 50*0.50 + 100*0.75 + (units-150)*1.20;
else bill = 50*0.50 + 100*0.75 + 100*1.20 + (units-250)*1.50;
bill += bill * 0.20; // 20% surcharge
printf("Total Bill = Rs. %.2f\n", bill);
return 0;
}
DAY 3 — Loops (for / while / do-while)

Q1. Ask user to input 4 numbers between 1 to 100 and print max and min values.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, max, min;
printf("Enter number 1: "); scanf("%d", &n);
max = min = n;
for (int i = 2; i <= 4; i++) {
printf("Enter number %d: ", i); scanf("%d", &n);
if (n > max) max = n;
if (n < min) min = n;
}
printf("Max = %d, Min = %d\n", max, min);
return 0;
}

Q2. Print elements of arithmetic series and find the sum. (a0, d and n are user input)
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a0, d, n, sum = 0, term;
printf("Enter first term (a0), common difference (d), and count (n): ");
scanf("%d %d %d", &a0, &d, &n);
printf("AP Series: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
term = a0 + i * d;
printf("%d ", term);
sum += term;
}
printf("\nSum = %d\n", sum);
return 0;
}

Q3. Sum and average of 10 numbers input through keyboard.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num, sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
printf("Enter number %d: ", i); scanf("%d", &num);
sum += num;
}
printf("Sum = %d, Average = %.2f\n", sum, sum / 10.0);
return 0;
}

Q4. Print patterns:

(i) Star left-aligned triangle (ii) Number staircase (iii) Number right-aligned triangle
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n = 4;
// (i) Star pattern
printf("Pattern (i):\n");
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) printf("* ");
printf("\n");
}
// (ii) Number staircase
printf("Pattern (ii):\n");
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
printf("1");
for (int j = 2; j <= i; j++) printf("%d", j);
printf("\n");
}
// (iii) Right-aligned number triangle
printf("Pattern (iii):\n");
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int s = 1; s <= n - i; s++) printf(" ");
for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) printf("%d ", i);
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
DAY 4 — Loops: Continue, Functions Basics, Number Problems (Date:
04/02/26)

Q1. WAP in C to find square of positive numbers only using continue statement.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n;
for (int i = -5; i <= 5; i++) {
if (i <= 0) continue;
printf("Square of %d = %d\n", i, i * i);
}
return 0;
}

Q2. WAP in C to find factorial of a number through user input.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n;
long long fact = 1;
printf("Enter a number: "); scanf("%d", &n);
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) fact *= i;
printf("Factorial of %d = %lld\n", n, fact);
return 0;
}

Q3. WAP in C to swap two numbers with and without third variable. Program must be
menu-driven.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a, b, choice, temp;
printf("Enter two numbers: "); scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
printf("1. Swap with 3rd var 2. Swap without 3rd var\nChoice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
if (choice == 1) {
temp = a; a = b; b = temp;
} else {
a = a + b; b = a - b; a = a - b;
}
printf("After swap: a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}

Q4. WAP in C to check if given number is prime. Also show all primes between two user input
numbers.
#include <stdio.h>

int isPrime(int n) {
if (n < 2) return 0;
for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++)
if (n % i == 0) return 0;
return 1;
}

int main() {
int n, lo, hi;
printf("Enter a number: "); scanf("%d", &n);
printf("%d is %sprime\n", n, isPrime(n) ? "" : "not ");
printf("Enter range (low high): "); scanf("%d %d", &lo, &hi);
printf("Primes between %d and %d: ", lo, hi);
for (int i = lo; i <= hi; i++) if (isPrime(i)) printf("%d ", i);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Q5. Enter a 3-digit number. Separate the digits and print each. Also reverse and print in
numeric and in words.
#include <stdio.h>

char* digitWord(int d) {
 char* words[] = {"Zero","One","Two","Three","Four",
"Five","Six","Seven","Eight","Nine"};
return words[d];
}

int main() {
int num, h, t, u, rev;
printf("Enter 3-digit number: "); scanf("%d", &num);
h = num / 100; t = (num / 10) % 10; u = num % 10;
printf("Digits: %d %d %d\n", h, t, u);
printf("In words: %s %s %s\n", digitWord(h), digitWord(t), digitWord(u));
rev = u * 100 + t * 10 + h;
printf("Reversed number: %d\n", rev);
printf("Reversed in words: %s %s %s\n", digitWord(u), digitWord(t), digitWord(h));
return 0;
}
DAY 5 — Arrays and Functions

Q1. Write a program using a function to reverse an array.

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 5

void reverseArray(int arr[], int n) {

int temp, i = 0, j = n - 1;
while (i < j) { temp=arr[i]; arr[i]=arr[j]; arr[j]=temp; i++; j--; }
}

int main() {
int arr[N];
printf("Enter %d elements: ", N);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
reverseArray(arr, N);
printf("Reversed: ");
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) printf("%d ", arr[i]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Q2. Find the max and min element of an array.

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 5

int main() {
int arr[N], max, min;
printf("Enter %d elements: ", N);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
max = min = arr[0];
for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) {
if (arr[i] > max) max = arr[i];
if (arr[i] < min) min = arr[i];
}
printf("Max = %d, Min = %d\n", max, min);
return 0;
}

Q3. WAP that takes an array as input and returns sum of all elements.
#include <stdio.h>
#define N 5

int sumArray(int arr[], int n) {

int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) sum += arr[i];
return sum;
}

int main() {
int arr[N];
printf("Enter %d elements: ", N);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
printf("Sum = %d\n", sumArray(arr, N));
return 0;
}

Q4. Delete from an array where position of the element is given.

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 6

int main() {
int arr[N], pos, n = N;
printf("Enter %d elements: ", N);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
printf("Enter position to delete (0-indexed): "); scanf("%d", &pos);
for (int i = pos; i < n - 1; i++) arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
n--;
printf("After deletion: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d ", arr[i]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

Q5. Insert an element in an array at the position given by the user.

#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX 10

int main() {
int arr[MAX], n, pos, val;
printf("Enter number of elements: "); scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter elements: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
printf("Enter position to insert (0-indexed): "); scanf("%d", &pos);
printf("Enter value to insert: "); scanf("%d", &val);
for (int i = n; i > pos; i--) arr[i] = arr[i - 1];
arr[pos] = val;
n++;
printf("After insertion: ");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d ", arr[i]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
DAY 6 — 2D Arrays / Matrix Operations & Pointers

Q1. WAP to take two m×n matrices and display their multiplication.
#include <stdio.h>
#define R 2
#define C 2

int main() {
int a[R][C], b[C][R], c[R][R];
printf("Enter matrix A (%dx%d):\n", R, C);
for (int i=0;i<R;i++) for (int j=0;j<C;j++) scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
printf("Enter matrix B (%dx%d):\n", C, R);
for (int i=0;i<C;i++) for (int j=0;j<R;j++) scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
for (int i=0;i<R;i++) for (int j=0;j<R;j++) {
c[i][j] = 0;
for (int k=0;k<C;k++) c[i][j] += a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
printf("Product:\n");
for (int i=0;i<R;i++){for(int j=0;j<R;j++) printf("%d ",c[i][j]);printf("\n");}
return 0;
}

Q2. WAP to display the transpose of a matrix.

#include <stdio.h>
#define N 3

int main() {
int a[N][N];
printf("Enter %dx%d matrix:\n", N, N);
for (int i=0;i<N;i++) for (int j=0;j<N;j++) scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
printf("Transpose:\n");
for (int i=0;i<N;i++){for(int j=0;j<N;j++) printf("%d ",a[j][i]);printf("\n");}
return 0;
}

Q3. Declare integer variable num=42, create pointer ptr pointing to num, print value using
pointer.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int num = 42;
int *ptr = &num;
printf("Value using pointer: %d\n", *ptr);
return 0;
}

Q4. Declare array arr={10,20,30} and print memory address using both &arr[0] and arr.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int arr[] = {10, 20, 30};
printf("Address using &arr[0]: %p\n", (void*)&arr[0]);
printf("Address using arr: %p\n", (void*)arr);
return 0;
}

Q5. Array data={1,3,5,7,9}. Print third element using data[2], *(data+2), and pointer offset.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int data[] = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9};
int *p = data;
printf("data[2] = %d\n", data[2]);
printf("*(data + 2) = %d\n", *(data + 2));
printf("*(p + 2) = %d\n", *(p + 2));
return 0;
}

Q6. x=5, y=10. Create swap function using two pointers. Print before/after values.
#include <stdio.h>

void swap(int *a, int *b) { int t = *a; *a = *b; *b = t; }

int main() {
 int x = 5, y = 10;
printf("Before: x=%d, y=%d\n", x, y);
swap(&x, &y);
printf("After: x=%d, y=%d\n", x, y);
return 0;
}

Q7. Array arr={1,2,3,4}. Use pointer p=arr and for loop to sum elements by incrementing p++.
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
int *p = arr, sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++, p++) sum += *p;
printf("Sum = %d\n", sum);
return 0;
}
DAY 7 — PPS Lab on Structures (Date: 25 Mar 2026)

Q1. Create structure "Student" with members name, age, total marks. Input data for two
students, display and find average marks.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

struct Student {
char name[50];
int age;
float totalMarks;
};

int main() {
struct Student s[2];
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
printf("Enter name, age, total marks for student %d: ", i+1);
scanf("%s %d %f", s[i].name, &s[i].age, &s[i].totalMarks);
}
printf("\nStudent Details:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
printf("%s | Age: %d | Marks: %.2f\n", s[i].name, s[i].age, s[i].totalMarks);
printf("Average Marks = %.2f\n", (s[0].totalMarks + s[1].totalMarks) / 2.0);
return 0;
}

Q2. Define structure "Date" with members day, month, year. Input two dates and find the
difference in days.
#include <stdio.h>

struct Date { int day, month, year; };

int toDays(struct Date d) {

return [Link] * 365 + [Link] * 30 + [Link];
}

int main() {
struct Date d1, d2;
printf("Enter date 1 (dd mm yyyy): "); scanf("%d %d %d",&[Link],&[Link],&[Link]);
printf("Enter date 2 (dd mm yyyy): "); scanf("%d %d %d",&[Link],&[Link],&[Link]);
int diff = toDays(d2) - toDays(d1);
if (diff < 0) diff = -diff;
printf("Difference = %d days (approx)\n", diff);
return 0;
}

Q3. Create structure Complex with real and imaginary parts. WAP to add and multiply two
complex numbers.
#include <stdio.h>

struct Complex { float real, imag; };

int main() {
struct Complex c1, c2, sum, prod;
printf("Enter c1 (real imag): "); scanf("%f %f",&[Link],&[Link]);
printf("Enter c2 (real imag): "); scanf("%f %f",&[Link],&[Link]);
[Link] = [Link] + [Link]; [Link] = [Link] + [Link];
[Link] = [Link]*[Link] - [Link]*[Link];
[Link] = [Link]*[Link] + [Link]*[Link];
printf("Sum = %.2f + %.2fi\n", [Link], [Link]);
printf("Prod = %.2f + %.2fi\n", [Link], [Link]);
return 0;
}

Q4. Define structure Time with hours, minutes, seconds. Input two times, add them, display in
proper format.
#include <stdio.h>

struct Time { int h, m, s; };

int main() {
struct Time t1, t2, res;
printf("Enter time1 (hh mm ss): "); scanf("%d %d %d",&t1.h,&t1.m,&t1.s);
printf("Enter time2 (hh mm ss): "); scanf("%d %d %d",&t2.h,&t2.m,&t2.s);
 res.s = (t1.s + t2.s) % 60;
res.m = (t1.m + t2.m + (t1.s + t2.s) / 60) % 60;
res.h = t1.h + t2.h + (t1.m + t2.m + (t1.s + t2.s) / 60) / 60;
printf("Result = %02d:%02d:%02d\n", res.h, res.m, res.s);
return 0;
}

Q5. WAP in C to implement a student database using structures and perform operations like
add, delete, and search.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX 50
struct Student { int id; char name[50]; float marks; };
struct Student db[MAX];
int count = 0;

void addStudent() {
printf("Enter id, name, marks: ");
scanf("%d %s %f", &db[count].id, db[count].name, &db[count].marks);
count++; printf("Added.\n");
}
void deleteStudent() {
int id; printf("Enter id to delete: "); scanf("%d", &id);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) if (db[i].id == id) {
for (int j = i; j < count-1; j++) db[j] = db[j+1];
count--; printf("Deleted.\n"); return;
}
printf("Not found.\n");
}
void searchStudent() {
int id; printf("Enter id to search: "); scanf("%d", &id);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) if (db[i].id == id) {
printf("Found: %d %s %.2f\n", db[i].id, db[i].name, db[i].marks);
return;
}
printf("Not found.\n");
}
int main() {
int ch;
do {
printf("[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]: "); scanf("%d",&ch);
if (ch==1) addStudent();
else if (ch==2) deleteStudent();
else if (ch==3) searchStudent();
} while (ch != 0);
return 0;
}