M&I Jan – May 2025 Tutorial Set 4 Date: 20.02.
2026
Exercise Questions (To be solved in class)
1. Design a signal conditioning circuit for a temperature transducer
such that the measurements of 0°C to 100°C is represented as 0V
to 5V. The characteristic of the transducer is given by the equation
𝑉𝑡 = (− 10−3 × 𝑇) , where 𝑉𝑡 is transducer output voltage (in V)
and T is temperature in °C Hint: Design as per the schematic
2. A displacement Transducer characteristic is given as 𝑉 = 5 × (x + 8)𝑚𝑉, where ‘x’ is the
displacement in m. Develop a suitable signal conditioning circuit to measure a displacement
of 12m to 52m such that, the signal conditioning circuit output can be connected to an ADC
of 0 to 5V respective to the desired displacements. Draw the characteristics of the entire
system for the displacement range in steps of 10m.
Hint: Try using non-inv amplifier. Find system output for 12m, 22m,32m,42m,52m and
draw the graph
3. The circuit shown below is a non-inverting differentiator. Derive its transfer function and
specify the component values for unity gain at frequency of 100Hz
R1 R1
+ Vout
Vin
C C
R
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
Ans: = 2𝑠𝑅𝐶; 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 100 𝐻𝑧 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝐶 = 79.6𝜇; → select R
𝑉𝑖𝑛
= 100kΩ and we get C = 8nF
4. Optical isolation amplifier shown below has input voltage in the range of 0V to 2V and is
desired to have an output voltage of 0 to 4V. If the servo gain and feedback gain is 0.007,
and IF max is restricted to 14.3mA. Design the circuit.
Ans: R1=20kΩ and R2=40kΩ
ELE 3221 M&I Tutorial 4 1
5. As an intern in an analog systems
design company, you are asked to
analyse the signal conditioning circuit
developed by the system-design
engineer for a specific transducer. The
circuit is shown below. Analyse the
circuit and determine the DC gain, cut-
off frequency, quality factor and draw
the frequency response
characteristics of the developed circuit.
Ans: 𝐴𝑣 = 2.8; 𝑓𝑐 = 723.4𝐻𝑧, 𝑄 = 5
6. A simple 1st-order active high-pass filter shown in
Figure below, is require to have a cut-off frequency
of 500Hz and a passband gain of 9dB. Calculate the
required components assuming a standard 741
operational amplifier is used
Ans: Select C = 68nF; R=4.7 kΩ; Fc =498.23 Hz
(satisfactory); A = 2.82; Let R1 = 15kΩ; R2 = 8.2
kΩ
7. A State Variable Filter Circuit design is as shown in
the Figure below. Determine the transfer function
𝑉
of a low-pass filter (𝑉𝐿𝑃 ) from the design. Compute
𝐼𝑁
the cutoff-frequency and Quality factor of the
design.
𝑉𝐿𝑃 37.1094 𝑀
Ans: = ; 𝑓𝑐 = 994.718𝐻𝑧
𝑉𝐼𝑁 𝑠2 +312.5 𝑠+39.0625𝑀
1
Quality factor, 𝑄 = 2𝜁
= 20
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Practice Questions (To be solved by students)
1. A State Variable Filter Circuit design is
as shown in the Figure beside.
Determine the transfer function of a
𝑉
low-pass filter ( 𝑉𝐵𝑃 ) from the design.
𝐼𝑁
Also, determine the quality factor of
the design.
2. An industry engineers has given a schematic of
an active filter circuit as shown beside. As part
of deployment team, Analyse the circuit and
determine all the filter characteristics. (type of
filter, order of filter, cutoff
frequency/frequencies, Quality factor, gain
offered, plot frequency response, slope of
frequency response)
3. Optical isolation amplifier shown below is desired to have an amplification with a gain
of 2. If the servo gain and feedback gain is 0.004, and IF max is restricted to 15mA. Design
the circuit for an input voltage range of 0V to 2V.
4. Design and sketch a suitable signal conditioning circuit for a transducer whose
characteristics is given in Figure below such that the output needs to be in range of 0 – 10
V for change in displacement (Δd). Also find the output voltage for a change
ELE 3221 M&I Tutorial 4 3