M&I January – May 2026 Tutorial Set 1 Date: 10.01.
2026
Exercise Questions (To be solved in class)
1. Consider a measuring system consisting of a transducer, amplifier, and a recorder, with
sensitivity for each equipment given below:
Transducer sensitivity 0.2 mV/°C
Amplifier gain 2.0 V/mV
Recorder sensitivity 5.0 mV/V
Determine the overall sensitivity of the system. Ans: 2.0 mV/°C
2. Two pressure gauges (pressure gauge A and B) have a full-scale accuracy of ± 5%. Sensor A
has a range of 0-1 bar and Sensor B 0-10 bar. Which gauge is more suitable to be used if the
reading is 0.9 bar?
Ans: Sensor A is more suitable to use at a reading of 0.9 bar because the error percentage (± 5.6%)
is smaller compared to the percentage error of Sensor B (± 55%).
3. A resistance manufacturer constructs a resistance anywhere between 1.14 kΩ and 1.26 kΩ
and classifies them to be 1.2kΩ resistance. Determine the tolerance to be stated. If the
resistance values are specified at 25°C, Determine the maximum resistance possible at 75°C,
given temperature coefficient of +500 ppm/°C
Ans: Maximum resistance @ 75°C = 1.29 kΩ
4. Calculate the maximum % error in determining the voltage difference between two
measured voltages (V1-V2), given V1=100V±1% and V2=80V ±5% .
Ans: Max error = 20V±25%
5. A 820Ω resistance with an accuracy of ± 10% carries a current of 10mA. The current was
measured by an analog ammeter on a 25mA range with an accuracy of ±2% of full scale.
Calculate the power dissipated in the resistor and determine the accuracy of the result.
Ans: 𝑃 = 82 𝑚𝑊; 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑃 = ±20%
6. Calculate the shielding effectiveness of a sheet of 2mil copper foil, σ = 5.7x10 S/m, at 100
MHz. (1mil = 0.0254 mm)
Ans: 𝑆. 𝐸. ≅ 154𝑑𝐵
7. A transformer generating primarily a magnetic field is located 10 cm from a shielding
structure. The shielding structure is made from a 1cm thick sheet of copper. Estimate the
shielding effectiveness of this structure at 1.5 kHz.
Ans: 𝑆. 𝐸. ≅ 77𝑑𝐵
ELE 3221 M&I Tutorial 1 1
Practice Questions (To be solved by students)
1. Determine the shielding effectiveness in dB for a 20 mil thick sheet of copper (σ = 5.8 x 107
S/m) at 1 MHz due to the following
a. Reflection loss from the sheet surface
b. Multiple reflections within sheet
c. Absorption loss within sheet
d. All possible shielding mechanisms
Ans: 𝑅 = 108.1 𝑑𝐵; 𝑀 = 0 𝑑𝐵; 𝐴 = 66.8 𝑑𝐵; 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆. 𝐸. = 174.9 𝑑𝐵
2. Determine the shielding effectiveness in dB for a 20 mil thick sheet of copper (σ = 5.8 x 107
S/m) at 1 MHz due to the following
a. Electric source at distance of 1m from the shield
b. Magnetic source at distance of 1m from the shield
Ans: (a) S.E. = 208.5 dB
(b) S.E. = 141.4 dB
3. The Resistance of copper wire is given by 𝑅 = 𝑅0 [1 + 𝛼(𝜃 − 20)] and Resistance of wire
measured at 200 C is 4Ω ±0.2%. The value of temperature coefficient 𝛼 is 0.004 Ω/ 0 C ±1%
and temperature is 𝜃 = 25 ± 1% 0 C. Find the resistance R and its probable error.
Ans: Rmeasured = 4.093Ω, R=4.08Ω & Error = 0.32%
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