SMS CBSE CLASSES

Chapter 1
1) The burning of magnesium ribbon is a combustion reaction where magnesium reacts with
oxygen in the air to form magnesium oxide. Here's the chemical reaction with the colours of the
compounds indicated:
Chemical Reaction:
Mg (silvery white)+O2(colourless gas) → MgO (white powder)
2) When potassium iodide (KI) is added to a solution of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2), a double
displacement reaction occurs, forming lead iodide (PbI2) as a precipitate and potassium nitrate (KNO3
) in solution. Here's the balanced chemical reaction with the colours and states of the compounds:
Chemical Reaction:
2KI (colorless solution)+Pb(NO3)2(colorless solution)→PbI2(yellow precipitate)+2KNO3(colorless sol
ution)
3) When zinc granules are added to dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) or dilute sulfuric acid (H 2SO4
), a single displacement reaction occurs. Zinc reacts with the acid to produce hydrogen gas and a
corresponding zinc salt. Here's the chemical reaction for both acids with the state and colour of each
compound:
Reaction with Hydrochloric Acid:
Zn (grey solid)+2HCl (colourless liquid) → ZnCl2(colourless aqueous solution)+H2(colourless gas)
Reaction with Sulfuric Acid:
Zn (grey solid)+H2SO4(colourless liquid) → ZnSO4(colourless aqueous solution)+H2(colourless gas)
4) The given reaction is the reaction of iron with steam at high temperatures, forming magnetite
(Fe3O4) and releasing hydrogen gas (H2).
3Fe (s, grey solid)+ 4H2O (g, colorless steam) → Fe3O4(s, black solid) + 4H2(g, colorless gas)
5) The synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) under high
pressure (340 atm).
CO (g, colorless gas) + 2H2(g, colorless gas) → CH3OH (l, colorless liquid)
6) This reaction represents photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide and water are converted into
glucose and oxygen in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
6CO2(aq, colorless)+12H2O(l, colorless)→C6H12O6(aq, colorless)+6O2(g, colorless gas)+6H2O(l, colo
rless)
7) H2(g, colorless)+Cl2(g, greenish-yellow) → 2HCl(g, colorless gas or aqueous, colorless solution)
Explanation:
• Hydrogen (H2): A colorless gas.
• Chlorine (Cl2): A greenish-yellow gas with a sharp odor.
• Hydrogen chloride (HCl): A colorless gas that dissolves in water to form a colorless
solution.
8) 3BaCl2(aq, colorless)+Al2(SO4)3(aq, colorless) → 3BaSO4(s, white precipitate)+2AlCl3
(aq, colorless)
Explanation:
• Barium Chloride (BaCl2): A colorless aqueous solution.
• Aluminium Sulphate (Al2(SO4)3): A colorless aqueous solution.
• Barium Sulphate (BaSO4): A white precipitate (solid).
• Aluminium Chloride (AlCl3): A colorless aqueous solution.
9) 2Na (s, silvery white) + 2H2O (l, colorless) → 2NaOH(aq, colorless)+H2(g, colorless)
Explanation:
• Sodium (Na): A soft, silvery-white solid metal.
• Water (H2O): A colorless liquid.
• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): A colorless aqueous solution.
• Hydrogen (H2): A colorless gas that is released as bubbles during the reaction.
10) BaCl2(aq, colorless)+Na2SO4(aq, colorless)→BaSO4
(s, white precipitate)+2NaCl(aq, colorless)
Explanation:
• Barium Chloride (BaCl2): A colorless solution in water.
• Sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4): A colorless solution in water.
• Barium Sulphate (BaSO4): An insoluble white solid that forms as a precipitate.
• Sodium Chloride (NaCl): A colorless solution in water.
11) NaOH(aq, colorless)+HCl(aq, colorless)→NaCl(aq, colorless)+H2O(l, colorless)
Explanation:
• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): A colorless aqueous solution.
• Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): A colorless aqueous solution.
• Sodium Chloride (NaCl): A colorless solution in water.
• Water (H2O): A colorless liquid.
12) Chemical Reaction: CaO(s, white) + H₂O(l, colorless) → Ca(OH)₂(aq, colorless) + Heat
Calcium oxide (solid, white) + Water (liquid, colorless) → Calcium hydroxide (aqueous, colorless
solution) + Heat
13) Ca(OH)₂(aq, colorless) + CO₂(g, colorless) → CaCO₃(s, white) + H₂O(l, colorless)
Calcium hydroxide (aqueous, colorless) + Carbon dioxide (gas, colorless) → Calcium carbonate
(solid, white) + Water (liquid, colorless)
14) Burning of Coal : C(s, black) + O₂(g, colorless) → CO₂(g, colorless)
 Carbon (solid, black) + Oxygen (gas, colorless) → Carbon dioxide (gas, colorless)
15) Formation of Water 2H₂(g, colorless) + O₂(g, colorless) → 2H₂O(l, colorless)
Hydrogen (gas, colorless) + Oxygen (gas, colorless) → Water (liquid, colorless)
16) Burning of Natural Gas :
CH₄(g, colorless) + 2O₂(g, colorless) → CO₂(g, colorless) + 2H₂O(g, colorless)
Methane (gas, colorless) + Oxygen (gas, colorless) → Carbon dioxide (gas, colorless) + Water vapor
(gas, colorless)
17) Cellular Respiration
Glucose (aqueous, colorless) + Oxygen (aqueous, colorless) → Carbon dioxide (aqueous, colorless) +
Water (liquid, colorless) + Energy
C₆H₁₂O₆(aq, colorless) + 6O₂(aq, colorless) → 6CO₂(aq, colorless) + 6H₂O(l, colorless) + Energy
18) 2FeSO₄(s, green) → Fe₂O₃(s, reddish-brown) + SO₂(g, colorless) + SO₃(g, colorless)
Ferrous sulfate (solid, green) → Ferric oxide (solid, reddish-brown) + Sulfur dioxide (gas, colorless)
+ Sulfur trioxide (gas, colorless)
19) Thermal Decomposition: CaCO₃(s, white) → CaO(s, white) + CO₂(g, colorless)
Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃): A white solid, commonly known as limestone or marble.
Calcium oxide (CaO): A white solid, also called quicklime, formed as a product of the
decomposition.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂): A colorless gas released during the reaction.
20) Thermal Decomposition of Lead Nitrate
2Pb(NO₃)₂(s, white) → 2PbO(s, yellow) + 4NO₂(g, brown) + O₂(g, colorless)
Lead nitrate (solid, white) → Lead oxide (solid, yellow) + Nitrogen dioxide (gas, brown) + Oxygen
(gas, colorless)
21) Electrolysis of Water: 2H₂O(l, colorless) → 2H₂(g, colorless) + O₂(g, colorless)
22) Photochemical Decomposition of Silver Chloride
Silver chloride (solid, white) → Silver (solid, gray) + Chlorine (gas, greenish-yellow)
2AgCl(s, white) → 2Ag(s, gray) + Cl₂(g, greenish-yellow)
Photochemical Decomposition of Silver Bromide
Chemical Reaction: Silver bromide (solid, pale yellow) → Silver (solid, gray) + Bromine (gas,
reddish-brown)
Balanced Equation with States and Colors: 2AgBr(s, pale yellow) → 2Ag(s, gray) + Br₂(g,
reddish-brown)
23) Whitewashing Reaction
 Calcium oxide (solid, white) + Water (liquid, colorless) → Calcium hydroxide (aqueous, colorless
solution) + Heat
CaO(s, white) + H₂O(l, colorless) → Ca(OH)₂(aq, colorless) + Heat
24) Iron Nails in Copper Sulfate Solution
When iron nails are immersed in copper sulfate solution, a displacement reaction occurs. Iron
displaces copper, forming iron sulfate and depositing copper on the nails.
Iron (solid, gray) + Copper sulfate (aqueous, blue) → Iron sulfate (aqueous, pale green) + Copper
(solid, reddish-brown)
Fe(s, gray) + CuSO₄(aq, blue) → FeSO₄(aq, pale green) + Cu(s, reddish-brown)
25) Zinc in Copper Sulfate Solution
Zinc displaces copper from copper sulfate solution, forming zinc sulfate and depositing copper.
Zinc (solid, gray) + Copper sulfate (aqueous, blue) → Zinc sulfate (aqueous, colorless) + Copper
(solid, reddish-brown)
Zn(s, gray) + CuSO₄(aq, blue) → ZnSO₄(aq, colorless) + Cu(s, reddish-brown)
26) Lead in Copper Chloride Solution
Lead displaces copper from copper chloride solution, forming lead chloride and depositing copper.
Lead (solid, gray) + Copper chloride (aqueous, blue-green) → Lead chloride (aqueous, white) +
Copper (solid, reddish-brown)
Pb(s, gray) + CuCl₂(aq, blue-green) → PbCl₂(aq, white) + Cu(s, reddish-brown)
27) Precipitation Reaction
Sodium sulfate (aqueous, colorless) + Barium chloride (aqueous, colorless) → Barium sulfate (solid,
white precipitate) + Sodium chloride (aqueous, colorless)
Na₂SO₄(aq, colorless) + BaCl₂(aq, colorless) → BaSO₄(s, white precipitate) + 2NaCl(aq, colorless)
28) Formation of Copper(II) Oxide
Copper (solid, reddish-brown) + Oxygen (gas, colorless) → Copper(II) oxide (solid, black)
2Cu(s, reddish-brown) + O₂(g, colorless) → 2CuO(s, black)
29) Reduction of Copper(II) Oxide
Copper(II) oxide (solid, black) + Hydrogen (gas, colorless) → Copper (solid, reddish-brown) + Water
(liquid, colorless)
CuO(s, black) + H₂(g, colorless) → Cu(s, reddish-brown) + H₂O(l, colorless)
Explanation:
When hydrogen gas is passed over heated copper(II) oxide, the black coating turns reddish-brown as
copper is regenerated.
30) Reduction of Zinc Oxide
Zinc oxide (solid, white) + Carbon (solid, black) → Zinc (solid, gray) + Carbon monoxide (gas,
colorless)
ZnO(s, white) + C(s, black) → Zn(s, gray) + CO(g, colorless)
31) Reaction of Manganese Dioxide with Hydrochloric Acid
Manganese dioxide (solid, black) + Hydrochloric acid (aqueous, colorless) → Manganese(II) chloride
(aqueous, pale pink) + Water (liquid, colorless) + Chlorine (gas, greenish-yellow)
MnO₂(s, black) + 4HCl(aq, colorless) → MnCl₂(aq, pale pink) + 2H₂O(l, colorless) + Cl₂(g, greenish-
yellow)
32) Reaction of Sodium with Oxygen
Sodium (solid, silvery-white) + Oxygen (gas, colorless) → Sodium oxide (solid, white)
4Na(s, silvery-white) + O₂(g, colorless) → 2Na₂O(s, white)
33) Reaction of Copper(II) Oxide with Hydrogen
Copper(II) oxide (solid, black) + Hydrogen (gas, colorless) → Copper (solid, reddish-brown) + Water
(liquid, colorless)
CuO(s, black) + H₂(g, colorless) → Cu(s, reddish-brown) + H₂O(l, colorless)