PUSH DOWN AUTOMATA (PDA) NOTES 1.
Introduction A Pushdown Automaton (PDA) is an
extension of a finite automaton with a stack. It is used to recognize context-free languages. 2. Stack
Concept - Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) - Special symbol Z0 represents bottom of stack 3.
Basic Operations - Push: Add symbol - Pop: Remove symbol 4. Example: Equal number of a and b
Rules: - Same → Push - Different → Pop - End with Z0 → Accept Transitions: δ(q0, a, Z0) = (q0,
aZ0) δ(q0, b, Z0) = (q0, bZ0) δ(q0, a, a) = (q0, aa) δ(q0, b, b) = (q0, bb) δ(q0, a, b) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, b,
a) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, ε, Z0) = (q1, Z0) 5. Language: 0^n 1^2n Idea: - Push for 0 - Pop for every two 1’s
Transitions: δ(q0, 0, Z0) = (q0, 0Z0) δ(q0, 0, 0) = (q0, 00) δ(q0, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q1, 1, 0) = (q2, ε)
δ(q2, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q2, ε, Z0) = (qf, Z0) 6. Key Points - Z0 is initial stack symbol - Stack handles
memory - States handle control logic 7. Common Mistakes - Confusing stack top - Missing
transitions - Not handling empty stack 8. Conclusion PDA is powerful for context-free languages
and uses stack to maintain balance.
PUSH DOWN AUTOMATA (PDA) NOTES 1. Introduction A Pushdown Automaton (PDA) is an
extension of a finite automaton with a stack. It is used to recognize context-free languages. 2. Stack
Concept - Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) - Special symbol Z0 represents bottom of stack 3.
Basic Operations - Push: Add symbol - Pop: Remove symbol 4. Example: Equal number of a and b
Rules: - Same → Push - Different → Pop - End with Z0 → Accept Transitions: δ(q0, a, Z0) = (q0,
aZ0) δ(q0, b, Z0) = (q0, bZ0) δ(q0, a, a) = (q0, aa) δ(q0, b, b) = (q0, bb) δ(q0, a, b) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, b,
a) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, ε, Z0) = (q1, Z0) 5. Language: 0^n 1^2n Idea: - Push for 0 - Pop for every two 1’s
Transitions: δ(q0, 0, Z0) = (q0, 0Z0) δ(q0, 0, 0) = (q0, 00) δ(q0, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q1, 1, 0) = (q2, ε)
δ(q2, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q2, ε, Z0) = (qf, Z0) 6. Key Points - Z0 is initial stack symbol - Stack handles
memory - States handle control logic 7. Common Mistakes - Confusing stack top - Missing
transitions - Not handling empty stack 8. Conclusion PDA is powerful for context-free languages
and uses stack to maintain balance.
PUSH DOWN AUTOMATA (PDA) NOTES 1. Introduction A Pushdown Automaton (PDA) is an
extension of a finite automaton with a stack. It is used to recognize context-free languages. 2. Stack
Concept - Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) - Special symbol Z0 represents bottom of stack 3.
Basic Operations - Push: Add symbol - Pop: Remove symbol 4. Example: Equal number of a and b
Rules: - Same → Push - Different → Pop - End with Z0 → Accept Transitions: δ(q0, a, Z0) = (q0,
aZ0) δ(q0, b, Z0) = (q0, bZ0) δ(q0, a, a) = (q0, aa) δ(q0, b, b) = (q0, bb) δ(q0, a, b) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, b,
a) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, ε, Z0) = (q1, Z0) 5. Language: 0^n 1^2n Idea: - Push for 0 - Pop for every two 1’s
Transitions: δ(q0, 0, Z0) = (q0, 0Z0) δ(q0, 0, 0) = (q0, 00) δ(q0, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q1, 1, 0) = (q2, ε)
δ(q2, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q2, ε, Z0) = (qf, Z0) 6. Key Points - Z0 is initial stack symbol - Stack handles
memory - States handle control logic 7. Common Mistakes - Confusing stack top - Missing
transitions - Not handling empty stack 8. Conclusion PDA is powerful for context-free languages
and uses stack to maintain balance.
PUSH DOWN AUTOMATA (PDA) NOTES 1. Introduction A Pushdown Automaton (PDA) is an
extension of a finite automaton with a stack. It is used to recognize context-free languages. 2. Stack
Concept - Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) - Special symbol Z0 represents bottom of stack 3.
Basic Operations - Push: Add symbol - Pop: Remove symbol 4. Example: Equal number of a and b
Rules: - Same → Push - Different → Pop - End with Z0 → Accept Transitions: δ(q0, a, Z0) = (q0,
aZ0) δ(q0, b, Z0) = (q0, bZ0) δ(q0, a, a) = (q0, aa) δ(q0, b, b) = (q0, bb) δ(q0, a, b) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, b,
a) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, ε, Z0) = (q1, Z0) 5. Language: 0^n 1^2n Idea: - Push for 0 - Pop for every two 1’s
Transitions: δ(q0, 0, Z0) = (q0, 0Z0) δ(q0, 0, 0) = (q0, 00) δ(q0, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q1, 1, 0) = (q2, ε)
δ(q2, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q2, ε, Z0) = (qf, Z0) 6. Key Points - Z0 is initial stack symbol - Stack handles
memory - States handle control logic 7. Common Mistakes - Confusing stack top - Missing
transitions - Not handling empty stack 8. Conclusion PDA is powerful for context-free languages
and uses stack to maintain balance.
PUSH DOWN AUTOMATA (PDA) NOTES 1. Introduction A Pushdown Automaton (PDA) is an
extension of a finite automaton with a stack. It is used to recognize context-free languages. 2. Stack
Concept - Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) - Special symbol Z0 represents bottom of stack 3.
Basic Operations - Push: Add symbol - Pop: Remove symbol 4. Example: Equal number of a and b
Rules: - Same → Push - Different → Pop - End with Z0 → Accept Transitions: δ(q0, a, Z0) = (q0,
aZ0) δ(q0, b, Z0) = (q0, bZ0) δ(q0, a, a) = (q0, aa) δ(q0, b, b) = (q0, bb) δ(q0, a, b) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, b,
a) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, ε, Z0) = (q1, Z0) 5. Language: 0^n 1^2n Idea: - Push for 0 - Pop for every two 1’s
Transitions: δ(q0, 0, Z0) = (q0, 0Z0) δ(q0, 0, 0) = (q0, 00) δ(q0, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q1, 1, 0) = (q2, ε)
δ(q2, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q2, ε, Z0) = (qf, Z0) 6. Key Points - Z0 is initial stack symbol - Stack handles
memory - States handle control logic 7. Common Mistakes - Confusing stack top - Missing
transitions - Not handling empty stack 8. Conclusion PDA is powerful for context-free languages
and uses stack to maintain balance.
PUSH DOWN AUTOMATA (PDA) NOTES 1. Introduction A Pushdown Automaton (PDA) is an
extension of a finite automaton with a stack. It is used to recognize context-free languages. 2. Stack
Concept - Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) - Special symbol Z0 represents bottom of stack 3.
Basic Operations - Push: Add symbol - Pop: Remove symbol 4. Example: Equal number of a and b
Rules: - Same → Push - Different → Pop - End with Z0 → Accept Transitions: δ(q0, a, Z0) = (q0,
aZ0) δ(q0, b, Z0) = (q0, bZ0) δ(q0, a, a) = (q0, aa) δ(q0, b, b) = (q0, bb) δ(q0, a, b) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, b,
a) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, ε, Z0) = (q1, Z0) 5. Language: 0^n 1^2n Idea: - Push for 0 - Pop for every two 1’s
Transitions: δ(q0, 0, Z0) = (q0, 0Z0) δ(q0, 0, 0) = (q0, 00) δ(q0, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q1, 1, 0) = (q2, ε)
δ(q2, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q2, ε, Z0) = (qf, Z0) 6. Key Points - Z0 is initial stack symbol - Stack handles
memory - States handle control logic 7. Common Mistakes - Confusing stack top - Missing
transitions - Not handling empty stack 8. Conclusion PDA is powerful for context-free languages
and uses stack to maintain balance.
PUSH DOWN AUTOMATA (PDA) NOTES 1. Introduction A Pushdown Automaton (PDA) is an
extension of a finite automaton with a stack. It is used to recognize context-free languages. 2. Stack
Concept - Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) - Special symbol Z0 represents bottom of stack 3.
Basic Operations - Push: Add symbol - Pop: Remove symbol 4. Example: Equal number of a and b
Rules: - Same → Push - Different → Pop - End with Z0 → Accept Transitions: δ(q0, a, Z0) = (q0,
aZ0) δ(q0, b, Z0) = (q0, bZ0) δ(q0, a, a) = (q0, aa) δ(q0, b, b) = (q0, bb) δ(q0, a, b) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, b,
a) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, ε, Z0) = (q1, Z0) 5. Language: 0^n 1^2n Idea: - Push for 0 - Pop for every two 1’s
Transitions: δ(q0, 0, Z0) = (q0, 0Z0) δ(q0, 0, 0) = (q0, 00) δ(q0, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q1, 1, 0) = (q2, ε)
δ(q2, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q2, ε, Z0) = (qf, Z0) 6. Key Points - Z0 is initial stack symbol - Stack handles
memory - States handle control logic 7. Common Mistakes - Confusing stack top - Missing
transitions - Not handling empty stack 8. Conclusion PDA is powerful for context-free languages
and uses stack to maintain balance.
PUSH DOWN AUTOMATA (PDA) NOTES 1. Introduction A Pushdown Automaton (PDA) is an
extension of a finite automaton with a stack. It is used to recognize context-free languages. 2. Stack
Concept - Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) - Special symbol Z0 represents bottom of stack 3.
Basic Operations - Push: Add symbol - Pop: Remove symbol 4. Example: Equal number of a and b
Rules: - Same → Push - Different → Pop - End with Z0 → Accept Transitions: δ(q0, a, Z0) = (q0,
aZ0) δ(q0, b, Z0) = (q0, bZ0) δ(q0, a, a) = (q0, aa) δ(q0, b, b) = (q0, bb) δ(q0, a, b) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, b,
a) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, ε, Z0) = (q1, Z0) 5. Language: 0^n 1^2n Idea: - Push for 0 - Pop for every two 1’s
Transitions: δ(q0, 0, Z0) = (q0, 0Z0) δ(q0, 0, 0) = (q0, 00) δ(q0, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q1, 1, 0) = (q2, ε)
δ(q2, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q2, ε, Z0) = (qf, Z0) 6. Key Points - Z0 is initial stack symbol - Stack handles
memory - States handle control logic 7. Common Mistakes - Confusing stack top - Missing
transitions - Not handling empty stack 8. Conclusion PDA is powerful for context-free languages
and uses stack to maintain balance.
PUSH DOWN AUTOMATA (PDA) NOTES 1. Introduction A Pushdown Automaton (PDA) is an
extension of a finite automaton with a stack. It is used to recognize context-free languages. 2. Stack
Concept - Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) - Special symbol Z0 represents bottom of stack 3.
Basic Operations - Push: Add symbol - Pop: Remove symbol 4. Example: Equal number of a and b
Rules: - Same → Push - Different → Pop - End with Z0 → Accept Transitions: δ(q0, a, Z0) = (q0,
aZ0) δ(q0, b, Z0) = (q0, bZ0) δ(q0, a, a) = (q0, aa) δ(q0, b, b) = (q0, bb) δ(q0, a, b) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, b,
a) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, ε, Z0) = (q1, Z0) 5. Language: 0^n 1^2n Idea: - Push for 0 - Pop for every two 1’s
Transitions: δ(q0, 0, Z0) = (q0, 0Z0) δ(q0, 0, 0) = (q0, 00) δ(q0, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q1, 1, 0) = (q2, ε)
δ(q2, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q2, ε, Z0) = (qf, Z0) 6. Key Points - Z0 is initial stack symbol - Stack handles
memory - States handle control logic 7. Common Mistakes - Confusing stack top - Missing
transitions - Not handling empty stack 8. Conclusion PDA is powerful for context-free languages
and uses stack to maintain balance.
PUSH DOWN AUTOMATA (PDA) NOTES 1. Introduction A Pushdown Automaton (PDA) is an
extension of a finite automaton with a stack. It is used to recognize context-free languages. 2. Stack
Concept - Stack follows LIFO (Last In First Out) - Special symbol Z0 represents bottom of stack 3.
Basic Operations - Push: Add symbol - Pop: Remove symbol 4. Example: Equal number of a and b
Rules: - Same → Push - Different → Pop - End with Z0 → Accept Transitions: δ(q0, a, Z0) = (q0,
aZ0) δ(q0, b, Z0) = (q0, bZ0) δ(q0, a, a) = (q0, aa) δ(q0, b, b) = (q0, bb) δ(q0, a, b) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, b,
a) = (q0, ε) δ(q0, ε, Z0) = (q1, Z0) 5. Language: 0^n 1^2n Idea: - Push for 0 - Pop for every two 1’s
Transitions: δ(q0, 0, Z0) = (q0, 0Z0) δ(q0, 0, 0) = (q0, 00) δ(q0, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q1, 1, 0) = (q2, ε)
δ(q2, 1, 0) = (q1, 0) δ(q2, ε, Z0) = (qf, Z0) 6. Key Points - Z0 is initial stack symbol - Stack handles
memory - States handle control logic 7. Common Mistakes - Confusing stack top - Missing
transitions - Not handling empty stack 8. Conclusion PDA is powerful for context-free languages
and uses stack to maintain balance.