CHO101 PROCESS CALCULATIONS

TUTORIAL 08: ENERGY BALANCE

8.1 A gas mixture of ammonia and air with 10 mol% ammonia and at 600oC is to be prepared. To form
the mixture ammonia enters at 25oC and at mass flow rate of 520 kg/h. Determine the temperature at
which air enters. Heat is lost from the mixer to the surroundings at rate of 7.0 kW.
For Ammonia(v) CP is given by (T in oC and CP in kJ/mol-oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝑁𝐻3 (𝑣) = 35.15𝑥10−3 + 2.954𝑥10−5 𝑇 + 0.4421𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 − 6.686𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

For Air CP is given by (T in oC and CP in kJ/mol-oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐴𝑖𝑟 = 28.94𝑥10−3 + 0.4147𝑥10−5 𝑇 + 0.3191𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 − 1.965𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

8.2 A natural gas containing 95 mol% methane and the balance ethane is burned with 20 mol% excess
air. The stack gas which contains no unburned hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide leaves the furnace at
900oC and 1.2 atm and passes through air preheater. The air on its way to the furnace also passes through
the air preheater, entering it at 20oC and leaving it at 245oC. Taking as a basis 100 mol/s of the natural
gas fed to the furnace, calculate the required molar flow rate of air, and the molar flow rate and
composition of the stack gas, and the temperature at which the stack gas leaves the air preheater.

For Air CP is given by (T in oC and CP in kJ/mol-oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐴𝑖𝑟 = 28.94𝑥10−3 + 0.4147𝑥10−5 𝑇 + 0.3191𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 − 1.965𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

For O2 CP is given by (T in oC and CP in kJ/mol-oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝑂2 = 29.10𝑥10−3 + 1.158𝑥10−5 𝑇 − 0.6076𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 + 1.311𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

For N2 CP is given by (T in oC and CP in kJ/mol-oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝑁2 = 29𝑥10−3 + 0.2199𝑥10−5 𝑇 + 0.5723𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 − 2.871𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

For CO2 CP is given by (T in oC and CP in kJ/mol-oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐶𝑂2 = 36.11𝑥10−3 + 4.233𝑥10−5 𝑇 − 2.887𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 + 7.464𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

For H2O(v) CP is given by (T in oC and CP in kJ/mol-oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐻2 𝑂(𝑣) = 33.46𝑥10−3 + 0.688𝑥10−5 𝑇 + 0.7604𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 − 3.593𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

8.3 Benzene vapour at 480oC is cooled and converted to a liquid at 25oC in a continuous condenser. The
condensate is drained into 1.75 m3 drums, each of which takes 2 minutes to fill. Calculate the cooling
requirements for the condenser in kW.
 𝑣𝑎𝑝
For Benzene Tb = 80.1oC, ∆𝐻𝑇𝑏 = 30.765 kJ/mol, and 𝜌 = 879 kg/m3

For Benzene(l) CP is given by (T in oC, and CP in kJ/mol- oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑒(𝑙) = 126.5𝑥10−3 + 23.4𝑥10−5 𝑇

For Benzene(v) CP is given by (T in oC, and CP in kJ/mol- oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑒(𝑣) = 74.06𝑥10−3 + 32.95𝑥10−5 𝑇 − 25.20𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 + 77.57𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

8.4 A gas stream containing acetone vapour in air flows at a rate of 142 L/s at 150oC and 1.3 atm. The
stream flows into a condenser operating at 0oC and 3 atm. The exit streams from the condenser also
leave at 0oC and 3 atm. Shaft work is delivered to the system at a rate of 25.2 kW to achieve the
compression from 1.3 atm to 3 atm. To determine the condenser feed stream composition, a 3.0-liter
sample of the gas is taken and cooled to a temperature at which essentially all the acetone in the sample
is recovered as a liquid. The weight of the acetone in the 3.0-liter sample is 0.956 g. Calculate the
cooling requirements for the condenser in kW.
Antoine equation of Acetone is (t in oC, and Psat in mm Hg)
1210.595
log10 𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 7.11714 −
𝑡 + 229.664
𝑣𝑎𝑝
For Acetone Tb = 56oC, and ∆𝐻𝑇𝑏 = 30.2 kJ/mol

For Acetone(l) CP is given by (T in oC, and CP in kJ/mol- oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒(𝑙) = 123𝑥10−3 + 18.6𝑥10−5 𝑇

For Acetone(v) CP is given by (T in oC, and CP in kJ/mol- oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐴𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒(𝑣) = 71.96𝑥10−3 + 20.1𝑥10−5 𝑇 − 12.78𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 + 34.76𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

For Air CP is given by (T in oC and CP in kJ/mol-oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐴𝑖𝑟 = 28.94𝑥10−3 + 0.4147𝑥10−5 𝑇 + 0.3191𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 − 1.965𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

8.5 A mixture of n-hexane vapour and air flows through a 70 cm diameter duct at a velocity of 3 m/s at
40oC and 850 mm Hg. The dew point of the inlet mixture is 25oC. The gas is fed to a condenser in which
it is cooled at constant pressure, condensing 70 mol% of the hexane in the feed. Determine the
temperature of the condenser and calculate the cooling requirements for the condenser in kW.
Antoine equation of n-Hexane is (t in oC, and Psat in mm Hg)
1175.817
log10 𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 6.88555 −
𝑡 + 224.867
𝑣𝑎𝑝
For n-Hexane Tb = 68.74oC, and ∆𝐻𝑇𝑏 = 28.85 kJ/mol

For n-Hexane(l) CP is given by (T in oC, and CP in kJ/mol- oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝑛−𝐻𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑛𝑒(𝑙) = 216.3𝑥10−3

For n-Hexane(v) CP is given by (T in oC, and CP in kJ/mol- oC)

For Air CP is given by (T in oC and CP in kJ/mol-oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐴𝑖𝑟 = 28.94𝑥10−3 + 0.4147𝑥10−5 𝑇 + 0.3191𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 − 1.965𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

8.6 A liquid stream containing 50 mol% benzene and the balance toluene at 25oC is fed to a continuous
single stage evaporator at a rate of 1320 mol/s. The liquid and vapour streams leaving the evaporator
are both at 95oC. The liquid stream leaving the evaporator contains 42.5 mol% benzene and the vapour
stream leaving the evaporator contain 73.5 mol% benzene. Calculate the heating requirements for the
evaporator in kW.
𝑣𝑎𝑝
For Benzene Tb = 80.1oC, and ∆𝐻𝑇𝑏 = 30.765 kJ/mol

For Benzene(l) CP is given by (T in oC, and CP in kJ/mol- oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑒(𝑙) = 126.5𝑥10−3 + 23.4𝑥10−5 𝑇

For Benzene(v) CP is given by (T in oC, and CP in kJ/mol- oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑧𝑒𝑛𝑒(𝑣) = 74.06𝑥10−3 + 32.95𝑥10−5 𝑇 − 25.20𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 + 77.57𝑥10−12 𝑇 3

For Toluene(l) CP is given by (T in oC, and CP in kJ/mol- oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝑇𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑒(𝑙) = 148.8𝑥10−3 + 32.4𝑥10−5 𝑇

For Toluene(v) CP is given by (T in oC, and CP in kJ/mol- oC)

𝐶𝑃,𝑇𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑒(𝑣) = 94.18𝑥10−3 + 38𝑥10−5 𝑇 − 27.86𝑥10−8 𝑇 2 + 80.33𝑥10−12 𝑇 3