1.
NPSM: Similarities and Differences
Focuses on new vs existing products. New products involve higher risk, innovation, and uncertainty,
while existing products focus on improvement and stability.
2. Competitive Strategy
Porter’s strategies: Cost Leadership, Differentiation, Focus. Helps firms gain competitive
advantage.
3. Product Strategy
Defines product features, target market, and positioning. Aligns with company goals.
4. Consumer Behaviour
Studies how customers make decisions. Influenced by psychological, social, and personal factors.
5. Product Life Cycle (PLC)
Stages: Introduction, Growth, Maturity, Decline. Strategies differ at each stage.
6. Product Platforms & Portfolios
Platform = base product. Portfolio = collection of products. Helps diversification and risk
management.
7. STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning)
Segmentation divides market, targeting selects segment, positioning creates brand image.
8. Idea Generation
Sources: customers, R&D;, competitors. Techniques: brainstorming, SCAMPER.
9. Customer Value Proposition
Explains why customers should buy. Focus on benefits vs cost.
10. Lean Product Process
Build-Measure-Learn cycle. Focus on MVP (Minimum Viable Product).
11. Market Potential Estimation
Measures total demand. Tools: TAM, SAM, SOM.
12. Forecasting Techniques
Qualitative (expert opinion) and Quantitative (trend analysis).
13. Diffusion of Innovation
Adopters: Innovators, Early adopters, Early majority, Late majority, Laggards.
14. Technology Adoption Life Cycle
Explains adoption behavior. ‘Chasm’ between early adopters and majority.
15. Managing New Products
Involves cross-functional teams, risk management, and innovation culture.
16. Stage-Gate Model
Stages with decision gates. Helps evaluate progress and reduce risk.
17. Lean Startup
Focus on experimentation, MVP, and quick iterations.
18. Business Model Canvas
9 elements: Value proposition, customers, revenue, etc.
19. Intellectual Property Rights
Patents, trademarks, copyrights protect innovation.
20. Deployment Strategies
Go-to-market strategies, distribution channels, pricing.