BIOCHEMISTRY LIPIDS
Study of chemical processes within and relating to - Analyte for lipid profile
living organisms - Used to identify abnormalities of fats such as
The science concerned with the chemical constituents atherosclerosis (accumulation of fats in blood
of living cells and with reactions and processes they vessels)
undergo - Hydrophobic (water hating which means it
Chemistry of living organisms does not dissolve in water; cannot be broken
down easily inside the body)
In biochemistry, chemical reactions are - Function: Stores energy, insulates the body,
studied at the molecular level of organisms. Living & make up of the cell membrane
organisms have certain extraordinary properties and - Elements: C,H,O
all of these can be interpreted in chemical terms. - Long strands of Carbon and Hydrogen
Monomer - Glycerol & 3 fatty acids
Biochemistry in our Daily Lives Polymer - Phospholipids & Triglycerides
Physician - all diseases are associated with Ex.: Steroids, Cholesterol, Fats, Oils, Nuts, Waxes
abnormalities in biochemistry
Nutritionist - evaluate dietary needs based on Lipids can be:
biochemistry
Biology & Medicine - vaccines
Saturated Unsaturated
Pharmaceutical - designs molecules that mimic or
alter the action of biomolecules - Bonds between - There is at least
all the carbons one double or
Biomolecules - organic molecules produced by living are single bonds triple bond of
organisms that are essential for life and various - Solid at room carbons present
temperature - Liquid at room
biological processes
- Mainly animal temperature
Principal Classes of Biomolecules: protein, fats (bacon, - Mainly plant
carbohydrates, lipids, & nucleic acids grease, lard) based fats as
well as oily fish
(tuna, sardines)
PROTEIN
- Analyte for diagnosing anemia, including
sickle cell anemia
- Function: Transport molecules in & out of the
CARBOHYDRATES cell
- Analyte for testing diabetes - Used for growth and repair
- Most common organic molecule - Make up the structure of living things
- Function: Primary energy source our body - Hair, nails, skin, bones, muscles are built by
needs proteins
- Elements: C,H,O (Carbon, Hydrogen, - Elements: C,H,O,N
Oxygen) ([Link] ratio) - Found in: Fish, eggs, meat
Monomer (building blocks): Monomer: Amino acids (20 different ones)
● Monosaccharides (simple sugars, are the Polymer: Proteins (tons)
simplest forms of sugar and the most basic Ex. Hgb in RBC, Albumin in egg, enzymes that control
units from which carbohydrates are built) body reactions, antibodies
- Glucose, fructose (from fruits),
galactose (from milk) NUCLEIC ACID
Disaccharides - combination of two monosaccharides - Analyte for PCR testing
Ex. Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose, Galactose + - Used for diagnosis of genetic diseases
Glucose = Lactose, Glucose + Glucose = Maltose) - Not necessarily found in foods
Polymer: - Produced in the cell (product of a chemical
● Polysaccharides (large molecules composed reaction inside the cell)
of many smaller monosaccharide units linked - Provide our genetic information
together) - Holds the instructions to make proteins
- Starch - used for energy storage in - Elements: C,H,O,N,P
plants Monomer: Nucleotides, which are made up of:
- Glycogen - used for energy storage in ● Sugar
animals (found in the liver) ● Phosphate
- Cellulose - provides structural support ● Nitrogen bases: Adenine, Thymine (only
in plants present in DNA), Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil
- Chitin - found in the exoskeleton of (only present in RNA)
arthropods and in cell wall of some Polymer: DNA, RNA, ATP
fungi
red texts are additional info