Emerging Technology
Chapter 1
Chapters 1 content
• Evolution of Technologies
• Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
• The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
• Historical Background (IR1 , IR2 IR3, IR4)
• Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
• Human to Machine Interaction
• Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
New technology, but it may also refer to the
continuing development of existing technology
• Emerging technology refers to new or advancing technologies that
are currently being developed or are expected to have a significant
impact in the near future.
Definition
• Technology is the application of scientific knowledge, tools, and
techniques to create products, systems, or processes that solve
problems, improve efficiency, or enhance human life.
• Evolution refers to gradual, development (incremental
improvements) or advancements in existing tools, systems, or
processes over time.
• Revolution, on the other hand, describes a dramatic, sudden shift or
breakthrough that fundamentally changes how things are done.
• Evolution refines what’s already there…
Industrial revolution
• The Industrial Revolution was a time when the manufacturing of
goods moved from small shops and homes to large factories.
• This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from
rural areas to big cities in order to work.
Generally, the following IR fundamentally
changed and transfer the world around us..
• The steam engine,
• The age of science and
mass production, and
• The rise of digital
technology
• Smart and autonomous
systems fueled by data
and machine learning.
The Most Important Inventions of the
Industrial Revolution
• Transportation: The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine,
The Airplane.
• Communication: The Telegraph, The Telephone.
• Industry: The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine. Electric Lights.
Types of Industry
Types of Industry
IR1 (Roughly 1760–1840, starting in Britain.
Then France Germany and Belgium ….
• The most important invention Steam engine then Spinning jenny ..
• Industries: Textiles, coal mining, and ironworks.
• Energy Source: Coal and steam power.
• Social Impact: Urbanization, factory system, and the rise of a working
class.
IR2 1870–1940, starting in US.
• Electricity and mass production
• Key innovations: steel process, internal combustion engine,
telephone, and assembly lines (pioneered by Henry Ford).
• Energy Source: Electricity and oil alongside coal
• Social Impact: Growth of corporations, improved communication
(telegraph, telephone), and urban expansion.
IR3 (late 1950), Digital revolution
• Shift from analog/mechanical systems to digital electronics and
computing.
• Key innovations: Computers, semiconductors, the internet, and
robotics.
• Industries: Electronics, telecommunications, and software
IR4 (1950), ongoing
• The Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4) is the current wave of
technology where everything gets smart and connected using
computers, data, and machines.
• A cyber-physical system (CPS) is a setup where computers (the
“cyber” part) and physical things (like machines, sensors, or objects)
work together closely. The computers monitor and control the
physical things using data, making everything smart and connected.
• A combination of software + hardware + sensors + real-world
processes that work together in real time.
• It’s happening now—self-driving cars, smart homes, or supply chains
that predict what you need.
Data is the new oil
• Oil Analogy: Crude oil, in its raw form, isn’t useful - it needs to be
extracted, refined, and processed into products like gasoline or
plastics to drive industries and economies.
• Data Parallel: Similarly, raw data (unstructured numbers, user
behaviors, sensor outputs) is abundant but requires collection,
analysis, and processing
• Oil is the backbone of industrial economies, powering machinery,
transportation, and manufacturing…
• Data: Today, data drives the digital economy. Companies like Google,
Amazon, and Meta generate billions by leveraging data to target ads,
optimize supply chains, or personalize services.
Enabling devices and network (Programmable
devices)
• hardware that can be configured or reconfigured through software or
firmware to adapt to various tasks.
• 4 basic types of device
• Microprocessor
• Logic device
• Memory
• Network
Enabling devices and network (Programmable
devices)
• Microprocessor: execute instructions from a program. It handles
computations, decision-making, and coordination of other
components. EG. Intel core I7, AMD
• Memory: Stores data and instructions for the microprocessor.
• Logic devices: provide specific functions, such as digital-to-analog
conversion, signal processing and device to device interfacing ….
• FPGAs , CPLD, PLD
Network
• A network is a system of interconnected devices, components, or
nodes that communicate and exchange data using standardized
protocols over wired or wireless mediums.
• Network Switch: A device that connects multiple devices within a
local network (LAN)
• Router: Connects different networks (e.g., LAN to WAN)
• Server: A powerful computer that stores, processes, or manages data
and services, responding to requests from other devices (clients) over
the network.
• Modem: convert digital signal to analog and vise versa
Human-computer interaction (HCI)
• is the study, design, and implementation of how people interact with
computers and digital systems.
• It focuses on creating intuitive, efficient, and user-friendly interfaces
to bridge human needs with technological capabilities.
Interfaces: Tools users interact
with—screens, keyboards,
voice commands, touchpads,
The goal of HCI is to improve interaction
Simple, useful and accessible
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
• 5G Networks: 5G provides very fast internet, enabling real-time apps like remote
surgery or smart traffic systems.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI helps machines think and learn, like chatbots or
recommendation systems
• Autonomous devices work without human control, like self-driving cars or
delivery drones.
• Blockchain: Blockchain securely records transactions, like cryptocurrencies such
as Bitcoin.
• Augmented Analytics: Augmented analytics uses AI to analyze data
automatically, like tools that generate business reports.
• Digital Twins: Digital twins are virtual copies of real things, like a digital model of
an airplane for monitoring.
• Immersive Experiences AR/VR
Thank You!!