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Basic Audio

Audio compression is crucial for reducing data size while preserving quality, particularly in digital audio formats like WAV/PCM. It addresses issues of large storage and bandwidth usage through techniques such as lossless and lossy compression, psychoacoustic modeling, and various coding methods. The applications of audio compression span music streaming, video conferencing, and multimedia systems, enhancing efficiency and transmission speed.

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11 views14 pages

Basic Audio

Audio compression is crucial for reducing data size while preserving quality, particularly in digital audio formats like WAV/PCM. It addresses issues of large storage and bandwidth usage through techniques such as lossless and lossy compression, psychoacoustic modeling, and various coding methods. The applications of audio compression span music streaming, video conferencing, and multimedia systems, enhancing efficiency and transmission speed.

Uploaded by

alaina2026
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BASIC AUDIO

COMPRESSION
Presented by
Alaina
Introduction
Audio compression reduces data size while
maintaining acceptable quality.
Digital audio (WAV/PCM) produces large data
due to high sampling rates.
Used in streaming, multimedia, and
communication systems.
Removes redundancy and irrelevant
information.
Need for Compression
CD Quality Audio:
Sampling Rate: 44.1 kHz
Bit Depth: 16 bits, Stereo
Data Rate ≈ 1.4 Mbps

Problems:
Large storage requirement
High bandwidth usage

Solution:
Compression reduces size and improves
efficiency.
Principles of Compression
1. Redundancy Reduction:
Removes repeated and predictable data.

2. Irrelevancy Reduction:
Removes inaudible components based on
human hearing.

Helps achieve efficient compression with


minimal quality loss.
Types of Compression
Lossless Compression:
No loss of data
Perfect reconstruction
Examples: FLAC, ALAC
Compression: 30–50%

Lossy Compression:
Removes less perceptible data
Higher compression ratio
Examples: MP3, AAC
Compression: 75–95%
Psychoacoustic Model
Based on human hearing perception.

Key Concepts:
• Frequency Masking
• Temporal Masking
• Threshold of Hearing

Used to remove inaudible sounds and


optimize compression.
PCM Technique
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM):
• Sampling of analog signal
• Quantization
• Binary encoding

Advantages:
Accurate representation

Disadvantage:
Produces large data size
DPCM & ADPCM
DPCM:
Encodes difference between samples
Reduces redundancy and bit rate

ADPCM:
Adaptive quantization
Adjusts step size based on signal
Improves compression and quality
Sub-band Coding
Signal divided into multiple frequency bands.
Each band is compressed separately.

Advantages:
Efficient bit allocation
Improved compression efficiency

Used in MP3 compression.


Transform Coding
Converts signal from time domain to
frequency domain.

Techniques:
Fourier Transform
Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT)

Advantages:
Efficient representation of frequency
components
Better compression.
Compression Process
1. Signal Analysis
2. Redundancy Removal
3. Quantization (Psychoacoustic model)
4. Entropy Coding

Decoder reconstructs signal using reverse


steps.
Applications
Music Streaming (Spotify, etc.)
Video Conferencing
Digital Broadcasting
Mobile Communication
Multimedia Systems
Advantages
Reduces storage space
Saves bandwidth
Faster transmission
Supports multimedia applications
Improves efficiency
Conclusion
Audio compression is essential in digital
systems.
Reduces file size while maintaining quality.
Both lossless and lossy techniques are widely
used.
Important for modern communication and
multimedia.

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