Types of Adverbs

Adverb type Ravishlarning turlari Examples

Adverbs of manner Harakatning qanday bajarilishini She speaks clearly. / He solved the
bildiruvchi ravishlar problem carefully.
Adverbs of place Harakatning qayerda sodir bo‘lishini They looked outside. / She lives nearby.
bildiruvchi ravishlar
Adverbs of time Harakatning qachon sodir bo‘lishini I met her yesterday. / We’ll leave soon.
bildiruvchi ravishlar
Adverbs of frequency Harakatning qanchalik tez-tez sodir He often travels abroad. / She is always on
bo‘lishini bildiruvchi ravishlar time.
Adverbs of degree Harakat yoki sifatning darajasini The exam was very difficult. / I’m quite
bildiruvchi ravishlar tired.
Adverbs of certainty Gapiruvchining ishonch darajasini She will definitely come. / He is probably
bildiruvchi ravishlar right.
Adverbs of viewpoint Gapiruvchining nuqtayi nazarini Personally, I disagree. / Politically, it’s
bildiruvchi ravishlar sensitive.
Adverbs of emphasis Gapga urg‘u va kuchaytirish beruvchi I really like it. / She just finished her work.
ravishlar
Interrogative adverbs Savol berishda ishlatiladigan ravishlar Where do you live? / Why are you late?
Relative adverbs Ergash gapni bog‘lovchi ravishlar This is the place where I was born.
Conjunctive adverbs Gaplar orasida mantiqiy bog‘lanish It was raining; however, we went out.
beruvchi ravishlar

Formation of Adverbs

èMost adverbs of manner are formed by adding -ly to an adjective.

Ko‘pchilik holat ravishlari sifatlarga -ly qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish orqali yasaladi.
✓ She spoke clearly during the presentation.
✓ He answered the question politely.

Adjectives ending in -y change -y to -i + ly.

-y bilan tugagan sifatlarda -y → -i + ly o‘zgarishi bo‘ladi.
✓ The children played happily in the garden.
✓ She finished the task easily.

Adjectives ending in -le drop -e and add -y.

-le bilan tugagan sifatlarda -e tushib qoladi va -y qo‘shiladi.
✓ He explained the rule simply.
✓ The problem was solved quietly.
èAdjectives ending in -ic form adverbs with -ally.
-ic bilan tugagan sifatlar -ally orqali ravishga aylanadi.
✓ She reacted dramatically to the news. dramaticly
✓ The system was basically unchanged. Basicly

èSome adverbs are formed with prefixes like a- or be-.

Ba’zi ravishlar a- yoki be- prefikslari bilan yasaladi. Words like abroad, ahead, below function
as adverbs. abroad, ahead, below kabi so‘zlar ravish vazifasida ishlatiladi.
✓ Please read the instructions below.
✓ She walked ahead of the group.

✓ He went abroad last year.

èSome adverbs are formed by adding -ward(s) or -wise to a noun or preposition.

Ba’zi ravishlar ot yoki predlogga -ward(s) yoki -wise qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish orqali yasaladi.

-ward / -wards often express direction or movement.

-ward / -wards ko‘pincha yo‘nalish yoki harakatni bildiradi.

✓ home → homeward / homewards

✓ after → afterward / afterwards

✓ He walked homeward at sunset.

✓ We talked about it afterwards.

-wise is used to mean “with respect to” or “in terms of”.

-wise “borasida / jihatidan” ma’nosini bildiradi.

✓ price → pricewise
✓ health → healthwise

✓ Pricewise, this option is better.

✓ Healthwise, she’s doing much better.

èAdjectives ending in -ly are adjectives, not normally adverbs.

-ly bilan tugagan ba’zi so‘zlar ravish emas, balki sifat hisoblanadi.
RAVISH KO’RINISHIDAGI SIFATLAR:

Common examples include friendly, lively, costly, cowardly, deadly, likely, lively, lonely,
lovely, silly, ugly, unlikely.
Keng tarqalgan misollar: friendly, lively, costly, cowardly, deadly, likely, lively, lonely, lovely,
silly, ugly, unlikely.
There are no adverbs friendly / friendlily, lovely / lovelily, etc.
Friendly / friendlily, lovely / lovelily kabi ravish shakllari mavjud emas.

✓ She gave me a friendly smile.

✗ She smiled friendly.

✓ Her singing was lovely.

✗ She sang lovely.

XO’SH BU SIFATLARNI QANDAY RAVISHGA AYLANTIRAMIZ?

When we need an adverb, we use a prepositional phrase instead.
Ravish kerak bo‘lganda prepozitsiyali birikma ishlatiladi

= in a (yuqoridagi sifatlar) manner/way.

✓ She smiled in a friendly way/manner.

✓ He spoke in a silly way/manner.

è Adjectives and adverbs with the same form; adverbs with two forms

Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives. Ba’zi ravishlar sifat bilan bir xil shaklda
bo‘ladi.

For example, a fast car goes fast; if you do hard work, you work hard.
Masalan, fast so‘zi sifat ham bo‘lishi mumkin (a fast car), ravish ham (go fast); hard ham xuddi
shunday ishlatiladi.

In other cases, the adverb may have two forms (e.g. late and lately), one like the adjective and
the other with -ly.
Ba’zi holatlarda ravishning ikki shakli bo‘ladi: biri sifat bilan bir xil (late), ikkinchisi esa -ly
qo‘shimchasi bilan (lately).

There is usually a difference of meaning or use.

Odatda bu ikki shakl o‘rtasida ma’no yoki qo‘llanish farqi bo‘ladi.
WORDS WHICH ARE BOTH ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS:

Words like close, dead (informal), fast, fine, long, low, pretty (informal), short, straight, wide,
wrong, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early, leisurely can be both adjectives and
adverbs/ham sifat, ham ravish bo‘la oladi.

✓ It’s a daily newspaper.

✓ It comes out daily.

✓ We caught an early train.

✓ I got up early.

Adjective va Adverb shakli bir xil bo‘lgan so‘zlar

Word As an adjective (meaning + example) As an adverb (meaning + example)
close yaqin (masofa sifatida) ✓ The close door yaqin joyda ✓ He stood close to the
kept the room quiet. door.
fast tez (xususiyat) ✓ It is a fast car. tez ravishda ✓ She drove fast on the
motorway.
long uzun (davomiylik yoki o‘lcham) ✓ It was uzoq vaqt ✓ They didn’t stay long.
a long journey.
low past (daraja, balandlik) ✓ The low price past darajada ✓ He spoke low so no
surprised me. one heard.
short qisqa ✓ He gave a short answer. qisqa muddat / to‘satdan ✓ The
meeting was cut short.
straight to‘g‘ri (shakl) ✓ Draw a straight line. to‘g‘riga✓ Go straight ahead.
wide keng ✓ The river is very wide. keng ochiq holda ✓ She opened her
eyes wide.
wrong noto‘g‘ri ✓ That is the wrong answer. xato tarzda ✓ The explanation went
wrong.
daily Kun(da)lik (sifat) ✓ It’s a daily har kuni ✓ It comes out daily.
newspaper.
weekly haftalik ✓ We have a weekly meeting. har hafta ✓ The magazine is published
weekly.
monthly oylik ✓ A monthly report is required. har oy ✓ The bill is paid monthly.
yearly yillik ✓ A yearly review is planned. har yili ✓ The event is held yearly.
early Ertalabgi (vaqt sifatida) ✓ We caught an erta ✓ I got up early.
early train.
leisurely shoshilmasdan (xususiyat) ✓ We had a shoshilmasdan ✓ They walked
leisurely walk. leisurely through the park.
SOME BASE ADVERBS WITH DIFFERENT MEANINGS- Ko’rinishi yaqin ma’nosi har
xil ravishlar. (Source: My Grammar Lab)
Meaning Example
close (= not far away, yaqin / uzoq emas) He lives close to me.
closely (= very carefully, diqqat bilan) We watched them closely.
direct (= without stopping, to‘xtamasdan) We flew direct from La Guardia to
Houston.
directly (= exactly / precisely, aniq / The taxi waited directly opposite
bevosita) the house.
late (= not on time / not early, kech) The plane arrived late due to bad
weather.
lately (= recently, so‘nggi paytlarda) She’s been rather ill lately.
high (= to a great height, balandga) He lifted it high over his head.
highly (= extremely, juda / nihoyatda) Arsenic is highly toxic.
hard (= with a lot of effort / severely, He braked hard when he saw the
qattiq / zo‘r berib) cat.
hardly (= scarcely, almost not, deyarli We hardly know our neighbours.
yo‘q / zo‘rg‘a)
right (= direction / correctly, o‘ngga / Turn right at the crossroads. Try to
to‘g‘ri) do it right this time!
rightly (= correctly in my opinion, haqli The tribunal rightly condemned the
ravishda / to‘g‘ri deb) war criminals.
free (= without paying, bepul) We got into the concert free!
freely (= without limitation or control, Sheep roam freely over the hills.
erkin ravishda)
deep (= to a great depth / distance, We travelled deep into the jungle.
chuqurga/ichkari masofaga)
deeply (= thoroughly / extremely, chuqur I’m deeply ashamed of my
/ juda) behaviour.

Source: Swan’s English

[Link]
The adverb clean means “completely” before forget (informal) and in some expressions of
movement.
clean ravishi forget oldidan kelganda “butunlay” degan ma’noni beradi (norasmiy nutqda),
shuningdek harakatni ifodalovchi ba’zi iboralarda ishlatiladi.
Sorry, I didn’t turn up — I clean forgot.
The explosion blew the cooker clean through the wall.

[Link]
The adverb dead is used in certain expressions to mean “exactly”, “completely”, or “very”.
dead ravishi ayrim birikmalarda “aniq”, “butunlay”, yoki “juda” ma’nosida ishlatiladi.

Examples: dead ahead, dead certain, dead drunk, dead right, dead slow, dead straight, dead
sure, dead tired.

Note that deadly is an adjective, meaning “fatal; causing death”. The adverb for this meaning is
fatally.
deadly sifat bo‘lib, “o‘limga olib keluvchi” degan ma’noni bildiradi; uning ravish shakli fatally
bo‘ladi.

Cyanide is a deadly poison.

She was fatally injured in the crash.

[Link]
Direct is often used informally as an adverb.
direct so‘zi norasmiy nutqda ravish sifatida ham ishlatiladi.

The plane goes direct from London to Houston without stopping.

50% cheaper — order direct from the factory!

[Link]
Easy is used as an adverb in some informal expressions.
easy ayrim norasmiy iboralarda ravish sifatida ishlatiladi.

Go easy! (= Not too fast!)

Take it easy! (= Relax!)
Easy come, easy go.
Easier said than done.

[Link]
Fair is used as an adverb after a verb in some expressions.
fair ayrim iboralarda fe’ldan keyin ravish sifatida ishlatiladi.
to play fair
to fight fair
to hit / win something fair and square

[Link]
Fast can mean both “quick” and “quickly” (a fast car goes fast). Fast also means “completely” in
the expression fall asleep, and it means “tight / impossible to remove” in expressions like hold
fast, stick fast, fast colours.
fast “tez” hamda “tezda” ma’nosida ishlatiladi; ayrim birikmalarda esa “butunlay” (fall asleep)
yoki “mahkam / ajralmas” (hold fast, stick fast) ma’nosini beradi.

[Link]
The adverb fine (= well) is used in some informal expressions.
fine ravishi norasmiy nutqda “yaxshi / joyida” degan ma’noda ishlatiladi.

That suits me fine.

You’re doing fine.

The adverb finely is used to talk about small, careful adjustments and similar ideas.
finely ravishi mayda, ehtiyotkorona bajarilgan ishlarni ifodalaydi.

a finely tuned engine-

finely chopped onions (= cut up very small)

[Link]
Flat can be used as an adverb in a musical sense (to sing flat means “to sing on a note that is too
low”). In most other cases, the adverb is flatly.
flat musiqada “past nota bilan kuylamoq” ma’nosida ravish bo‘la oladi, boshqa holatlarda esa
flatly ishlatiladi.

[Link]
The adverb free (used after a verb) means “without payment”; freely means “without limit or
restriction”.
free “bepul”, freely esa “erkin / cheklovsiz” degan ma’noni bildiradi.

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

You can speak freely — I won’t tell anyone what you say.
[Link]
The adverb hard means “with a lot of force, energetically”.
hard ravishi “qattiq / zo‘r berib” ma’nosida ishlatiladi.

Hit it hard.
I trained really hard for the marathon.

Hardly means “almost not”.

hardly “deyarli yo‘q” degan ma’noni bildiradi.

I’ve hardly got any clean clothes left.

Compare:
Anna works hard.
Her brother hardly works.

[Link]
High refers to height; highly (rather formal) expresses an extreme degree (it often means “very
much”).
high balandlikni bildiradi; highly esa (rasmiyroq) “juda / nihoyatda” ma’nosida ishlatiladi.

He can jump really high.

Throw it as high as you can.
It’s highly amusing.
I can highly recommend it.

[Link]
Just is an adverb with several meanings. There is also an adjective just, meaning “in accordance
with justice or the law”; the adverb is justly.
just ravishining bir nechta ma’nosi bor; just sifat bo‘lib “adolatli” degani, uning ravish shakli
justly bo‘ladi.

He was justly punished for his crimes.

[Link]
The adverb late has a similar meaning to the adjective late; lately means “recently”.
late “kech”, lately esa “so‘nggi paytlarda” degan ma’noni bildiradi.

I hate arriving late.

I haven’t been to the theatre much lately.
[Link]
Loud is often used informally as an adverb after a verb.
loud norasmiy nutqda fe’ldan keyin ravish sifatida ishlatiladi.

Don’t talk so loud(ly) — you’ll wake the whole street.

[Link]
Low is an adjective and an adverb (a low bridge, a low voice, bend low).
low ham sifat, ham ravish bo‘la oladi.

[Link]
Most is the superlative of much, and is used to form superlative adjectives and adverbs.
most “eng” ma’nosida sifat va ravishlarning orttirma darajasini hosil qiladi.

Which part of the concert did you like most?

This is the most extraordinary day of my life.

In a formal style, most can be used to mean “very”.

Rasmiy uslubda most “juda” degan ma’noda ham ishlatiladi.

You’re a most unusual person.

Mostly means “mainly”, “most often” or “in most cases”.

mostly “asosan / ko‘pincha” degan ma’noni bildiradi.

My friends are mostly non-smokers.

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The informal adverb of degree pretty is similar to rather. Pretty means “in a pretty way”.
pretty daraja ravishi bo‘lib, norasmiy nutqda rather ga yaqin ma’noni bildiradi; shuningdek
“chiroyli tarzda” degan ma’noda ishlatiladi.

I’m getting pretty fed up.

Isn’t your little girl dressed prettily?
[Link]
In an informal style, quick is often used instead of quickly, especially after verbs of movement.
Norasmiy nutqda quick ko‘pincha quickly o‘rnida, ayniqsa harakat fe’llaridan keyin ishlatiladi.

I’ll get back as quick(ly) as I can.

[Link]
In informal American English, real is often used instead of really before adjectives and adverbs.
Amerika ingliz tilining norasmiy uslubida real ko‘pincha really o‘rnida sifat va ravishlardan
oldin keladi.

That was real nice.

He cooks real well.

[Link]
Right with adverbial meaning can mean “just”, “exactly”, or “all the way”.
right ravish sifatida “aniq”, “to‘g‘ridan-to‘g‘ri”, yoki “oxirigacha” degan ma’nolarni bildiradi.

She arrived right after breakfast.

The snowball hit him right on the nose.
Turn the gas right down.

Right and rightly can both be used to mean “correctly”. Right is only used after verbs, and is
usually informal.
right va rightly “to‘g‘ri” degan ma’noda ishlatiladi; right faqat fe’ldan keyin keladi va odatda
norasmiy.

I rightly assumed that Henry was not coming.

You guessed right.
(It serves you right. — rightly is not possible.)

[Link]
Sharp can be used as an adverb to mean “punctually”.
sharp ravishi “aniq vaqtda/roppa-rosa” degan ma’noda ishlatiladi.

Can you be there at six o’clock sharp?

It also has a musical sense (to sing sharp = to sing on a note that is too high), and is used in
expressions turn sharp left and turn sharp right.
sharp musiqada “baland nota bilan kuylamoq” ma’nosida va yo‘nalishni keskin o‘zgartirishni
bildiruvchi iboralarda ishlatiladi.

In other senses the adverb is sharply.

Boshqa ma’nolarda sharply ishlatiladi.

She looked at him sharply.

I thought you spoke to her rather sharply.

[Link]
Short is used as an adverb in the expressions stop short (= stop suddenly) and cut short (=
interrupt).
short ayrim iboralarda ravish sifatida ishlatiladi: stop short, cut short.

Shortly means “soon”; it can also describe an impatient way of speaking.

shortly “tez orada” degan ma’noni bildiradi, shuningdek sabrsiz ohangni ham ifodalashi
mumkin.

[Link]
Slow is used as an adverb in road signs and informally after go and some other verbs.
slow yo‘l belgilarida va norasmiy nutqda ba’zi fe’llardan keyin ravish sifatida ishlatiladi.

SLOW – DANGEROUS BEND

Go slow.
Drive slow.

24. sound
Sound is used as an adverb in the expression sound asleep. In other cases, soundly is used.
sound sound asleep (chuqur uhlagan) birikmasida ravish bo‘lib keladi; boshqa holatlarda
soundly ishlatiladi.

She’s sleeping soundly.

Be safe and sound. (Expression: Sog’ va salomat bo’ling)

25. straight
The adverb and the adjective straight are the same.
straight so‘zi sifat va ravish shaklida bir xil ko‘rinishga ega.
A straight road goes straight from one place to another.

[Link]
Sure is often used to mean “certainly” in an informal style, especially in American English.
sure norasmiy nutqda, ayniqsa Amerika ingliz tilida, “albatta” degan ma’noda ishlatiladi.

‘Can I borrow your tennis racket?’ — ‘Sure.’

Surely (not sure) is used to express opinion or surprise.

surely fikr yoki hayratni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi; sure bu vazifada ishlatilmaydi.

Surely house prices will stop rising soon!

Surely you’re not going out in that old coat?

[Link]
After a verb, tight can be used instead of tightly, especially in an informal style.
Norasmiy nutqda tight fe’ldan keyin tightly o‘rnida ishlatilishi mumkin.

Typical expressions: hold tight, packed tight (compare tightly packed).

[Link]
Well is an adverb corresponding to the adjective good.
well — good sifatining ravish shakli.

A good singer sings well.

Well is also an adjective meaning “in good health” (the opposite of ill).
well sifat bo‘lib, “sog‘lom” degan ma’noni ham bildiradi.
I am well.

[Link]
The normal adverb is wide; widely suggests distance or separation.
wide odatiy ravish shakli; widely esa masofa yoki tarqoqlikni bildiradi.

The door was wide open.

She’s travelled widely. (uzoq joylarga)
They have widely differing opinions. (turlicha)
Note also the expression wide awake (the opposite of fast asleep).
wide awake — “butunlay uyg‘oq” degan ma’noni bildiradi.

30. wrong
Wrong can be used informally instead of wrongly after a verb.
Norasmiy nutqda wrong ko‘pincha wrongly o‘rnida fe’ldan keyin ishlatiladi.

I wrongly believed that you wanted to help me.

You guessed wrong.

POSITION OF ADVERBS

Front position

We usually put time and place adverbs at the end of the sentence, but we can put them at the
front to form a link or contrast with information in the previous sentence.
Odatda vaqt va joy ravishlari gap oxirida keladi, lekin oldingi gapdagi ma’lumot bilan bog‘lash
yoki qarama-qarshi qo‘yish uchun ularni gap boshiga ham chiqarish mumkin.

I worked more than twelve hours yesterday.

I’ve been incredibly busy this week. Yesterday I worked more than twelve hours.
After negative adverbs (e.g. never), or after adverbs of time and place followed by a verb of
movement or position, we can put the verb before the subject. We usually only do this in formal
written English.
Manfiy ravishlardan keyin (masalan, never), yoki harakat/holat fe’li bilan kelgan vaqt va joy
ravishlaridan keyin fe’l subyektdan oldin kelishi mumkin. Bu usul asosan rasmiy yozma ingliz
tilida ishlatiladi.

Never had he seen such a disturbing sight.

Here lies the body of our late sovereign.

With the present and past simple, we put the adverb between the subject and the verb, but with
simple forms of be the adverb goes after the verb.
Hozirgi va o‘tgan zamon oddiy shakllarida ravish ega bilan fe’l orasiga qo‘yiladi, lekin be
fe’lining oddiy shakllarida ravish fe’ldan keyin keladi.

She always arrives by taxi and she is always on time.

If there is a modal or auxiliary verb, we put the adverb after the (first) auxiliary (+ not).
Agar modal yoki yordamchi fe’l bo‘lsa, ravish (birinchi) yordamchi fe’ldan keyin keladi.

We’ve never been to the Greek islands.

You can just see the coast.
Sea eagles have occasionally been seen around Loch Lomond.
They don’t really understand my point of view.

We put sometimes, still, certainly, definitely and probably before a negative auxiliary.
Sometimes, still, certainly, definitely, probably ravishlari inkor yordamchi fe’lidan oldin
qo‘yiladi.
I sometimes don’t understand his arguments.
He still hasn’t convinced me.

Formality check (spoken British English)

In spoken British English, to emphasise an auxiliary verb or a simple form of be, we can put
some mid-position adverbs before it. The auxiliary/verb is usually stressed.
Og‘zaki britan ingliz tilida yordamchi fe’l yoki be fe’lini ta’kidlash uchun ayrim o‘rta-
pozitsiyadagi ravishlar undan oldin qo‘yilishi mumkin; fe’l urg‘u bilan aytiladi.

But I thought you liked him!

Oh, you really don’t understand me at all!
‘Joe’s late.’ — ‘Not really, he never is on time!’

Compare:
I don’t really like him. (oddiy: biroz yoqtirmayman)
I really don’t like him. (ta’kidli: juda yoqtirmayman)

We do not use other time adverbs (definite time or frequency) in mid position.
Aniq vaqt yoki aniq chastotani bildiruvchi boshqa ravishlar o‘rta pozitsiyada ishlatilmaydi.

✗ We yesterday bought our lunch at Joe’s sandwich bar.

✗ I once a month pay my rent.

But we can do this in news reports.

Biroq yangiliklar matnlarida bu mumkin.

The Federal Reserve today announced an immediate rise in interest rates.

End position

This is the most frequent position for adverbs. It is the usual position for yet, a lot, any more, any
longer, too, as well.
Ravishlar uchun eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan o‘rin gap oxiri bo‘lib, yet, too, any more kabi so‘zlar
ham shu yerda keladi.

They aren’t selling it any more.

We usually put adverbs of manner (how something is done) and adverbs of definite frequency in
this position.
Harakat qanday bajarilganini bildiruvchi ravishlar va aniq chastota ravishlari odatda gap oxirida
keladi.

He plays the guitar well.

The magazine is published monthly.

Adverbs of manner ending in -ly (except badly) can go in end or mid position.
-ly bilan tugagan holat ravishlari (badly dan tashqari) o‘rta yoki oxirgi o‘rinda kelishi mumkin.

Harry painstakingly counted out the coins and arranged them neatly into piles.
The thief entered the room silently and carefully opened the safe door.

We don’t use hardly ever or never in end position.

Hardly ever va never gap oxirida ishlatilmaydi.

✗ They watch television hardly ever.

✓ They hardly ever watch television.

If we put often, rarely and seldom in end position, we use a modifier (e.g. very, extremely).
Agar often, rarely, seldom gap oxirida kelsa, kuchaytiruvchi so‘z bilan ishlatiladi.

✗ These days I eat desserts rarely.

✓ These days I eat desserts very rarely.