Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur

Session: 2024-2025
Question Bank

Curve Fitting

Solve the Following Problems :

1. Find the best values of a and b so that 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 fits the data given in the table.
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1.0 2.9 4.8 6.7 8.6

2. By the method of least square, find the straight line that best fits the following data:
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 14 27 40 55 68

3. Fit a curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏 for the following data:

x 12 16 20 22 24 26 30

y 6.44 7.5 6.9 10.76 10.76 11.76 14.0

4. Find the least square fit of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 2 to the following data:
x -1 0 1 2
y 2 5 3 0

5. For the data given below fit the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥

x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 1.6 4.5 13.8 40.2 125 300

6. Fit the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 to the following data by least square method.

 x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 2.98 4.26 5.21 6.1 6.8 7.5

7. Obtain a relation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 for the following data:γ

x 2 3 4 5 6

y 8.3 15.4 33.1 65.2 126.4

8. Fit an exponential curve obeying the gas equation 𝑃𝑉 𝛾 = 𝐾 for the following
data:

V 50 100 150 200

P 135 48 26 17

9. Fit a curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑏𝑥 to the following data:

x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 7.209 5.265 3.846 2.809 2.052 1.499

10. Find the least square straight line for the data points (-1,10), (0,9), (1,7),
(2,5), (3,4), (4,3), (5,0) and (6,-1).

11. If F is pull required to lift a load W by means of a pulley, fit a linear law
𝐹 = 𝑎 − 𝑏𝑤 connecting F and W against the following data:
W 50 70 100 120

F 12 15 21 25

12. Employ the method of least squares to fir a parabola 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2 in the

following data:
(x,y): (-1,2), (0,0), (0,1), (1,2)

13. Fit a second-degree parabola in the following data:

 x -2 -1 0 1 2

y 15 1 1 3 19

14. The following table shows the number of salesman working for a certain
concern:

Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Number 28 38 46 40 56 60

Use the method of least squares to fit a straight line trend.

𝑏
15. Fit a curve 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 to the following data:
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y 5.43 6.28 8.23 10.32 12.63 14.86 17.27 19.51

Solution:
1. a=1, b=1.9
2. a=0, b=13.6
3. a=0.0105, b=4.5746,
4. a=25/6, b=10/9
5. a=0.55783, b=2.8955
6. a=2.9785, b=0.5143
7. a=2.04, b=1.995
8. γ=1.497857, K=47350
9. a=9.86832, b=-0.3141
10. a=-1.6071, b=8.6429
11. a=2.2785, b=-0.1879
12. a=0.5, b=0, c=1.5
13. a=-37/35, b=1, c=31/7
14. a=5.9428, b=-11843.9047
15. a=2.3972, b=3.026298
 Topic: Correlation and Regression

Spearman Rank Correlation:

1. Ten students got the following percentage of marks in Economics and Statistics.
Roll No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Marks in Economics 78 36 98 25 75 82 90 62 65 39

Marks in Statistics 84 51 91 60 68 62 86 58 53 47

Calculate the coefficient of correlation.

2. Compute Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient r for the following data:

Person A B C D E F G H I J

Rank in Statistics 9 10 6 5 7 2 4 8 1 3

Rank in Income 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3. Find rank correlation coefficient for the following data:

X 74 75 78 72 78 77 79 81 79 76 72 71

Y 47 44 40 48 49 45 46 42 42 39 46 40

4. *Find the coefficient of rank correlation for the data:

 x 2 4 5 6 8 11

y 18 12 10 8 7 5

5. *Calculate the rank correlation coefficient.

X 68 64 75 50 64 80 75 40 55 64

Y 62 58 68 45 81 60 68 48 50 70

6. *The following table shows the respective heights x and y of a sample of 12

fathers and their oldest sons. Calculate the rank correlation coefficient.
x 65 63 67 64 68 62 70 66 68 67 69 71

y 68 66 68 65 69 66 68 65 71 67 68 70

Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Regression Lines:

7. Find correlation coefficient and lines of regression for the data:

X 1 2 3 4 5

Y 2 5 3 8 7

8. *Find the coefficient of correlation and obtain the equation of lines of regression
for the data:
X 6 2 10 4 8

Y 9 11 5 8 7
 9. In a partially destroyed laboratory record of an analysis of correlation data, the
following results only are eligible:
𝜎x2 = 9 Regression equations: 8𝑥 − 10𝑦 + 66 = 0, 40𝑥 − 18𝑦 = 214.
What were (a) the mean values of x and y? (b) the standard deviation of y?
(c) coefficient of correlation between x and y?

10. *Find the correlation coefficient between x and y, when the lines of
regression are: 2𝑥 − 9𝑦 + 6 = 0, 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0.

11. In a study between the amount of rainfall and the quantity of air pollution
removed the following data were collected. Find the regression line of y
on x.
Daily Rainfall in 0.01 cm 4.3 4.5 5.9 5.6 6.1 5.2 3.8 2.1

Pollution removed (mg/cu.m) 12.6 12.1 11.6 11.8 11.4 11.8 13.2 14.1

12. *The equations of lines of regression calculated from a given data set of
observations for two random variables are: 𝑥 = − 0.4𝑦 + 6.4, y = −0.6x +
4.6
Calculate mean of x, y values and calculate r.

13. The equations of lines of regression calculated from a given data set of
observations for two random variables are: 𝑥 = − 0.87𝑦 + 19.13, y =
−0.50x + 11.64
Find i) mean of x’s, ii) mean of y’s, iii) the correlation coefficient between x
and y.

14. The following regression equations were obtained from a correlation table:
y=0.516x =33.73, 𝑥 = 0.512y+32.52
Find the value of (a) the correlation coefficient, (b) mean of x’s, and (c) mean of y’s.
15. *Two lines of regression are given by,
5y−8x+17=0 and 2y−5x+14=0
If 𝜎y2 = 16, find (i) the mean values of x and y (ii) 𝜎x2 (iii) the coefficient of
correlation between x and y.
 16. The following results were obtained from lineups in Applied Mechanics and
Engineering Mathematics in an examination:
Applied Mechanics (x) Engg. Mathematics (y)
Mean 47.5 39.5
Standard Deviation 16.8 10.8
r=0.95
Find both the regression equations. Also estimate the value of y for x=30.

17. *The following results were obtained from records of age (x) and systolic blood
pressure (y) of a group of 10 men:
x y
Mean 53 142 and ∑(x-x̅ )(y-y̅ )=1220
Variance 130 165

Find the appropriate regression equation and use it to estimate the blood pressure
of a man whose age is 45.

18. The following regression equations and variance are obtained from a correlation
table:
20x–19y–107=0 and 4x–5y+33=0, 𝜎x2 =9
Find (i) x̅ (ii) y̅ (iii) r .
19. Fill in the blanks:
a) The correlation coefficient is the ______________ mean between the regression
coefficients.
b) The lines of regression always pass through a point ________.
c) Arithmetic mean of the regressions is ___________ then the coefficient of correlation.
d) If the two regression lines are perpendicular to each other, then the coefficient of
correlation is equal to ______.
e) If two regression coefficients are, -0.1, -0.9 the value of r is ______.
f) The value of correlation coefficient les between _______ and _______.
g) The normal equations for fitting a curve of the form y=a+bx+cx2 are ______________,
_____________ and ____________.
h) If coefficient of correlation r=0, the two lines of regression are _____________.
i) If r1, r2 are two regression coefficients, then the signs of r1, r2 depend on __________.
j) If two regression lines coincide then the coefficient of correlation is ___________.

20. *Two lines of regression are: 5y–8x+17 = 0, 2𝑦 – 5x+ 14 = 0.

If 𝜎y2 =16 , find a) the mean of x and y b) 𝜎x2 c) r d) 𝜎x , 𝜎y
 21. *If θ is the angle between two regression lines then show that
1–𝑟2 σx.σy
tan θ= .
𝑟 σx2+σy2
Explain the significance when r=0 and r=±1.

22. *The following data regarding the heights (y0 and weights (x) of 100 college
students are given as:
∑x=15000, ∑y=6800, ∑x2 =2272500, ∑y 2 =463052, ∑xy=102272500
Find the correlation coefficient between the height and weight and state the
equation of regression of height on weight.

23. *While calculating correlation coefficient between x and y from 25 pairs of

observations, the following results were obtained.
n=25, ∑x=125, ∑y=100, ∑x2 =650, ∑y 2 =460, ∑xy=508.
Later it was discovered at the time of checking that the pairs of values

x y x y
8 12 Were copied down as 8 12
6 8 6 8

Obtain the correct value of correlation coefficient.

Multilinear Regression:

24. *Table shows the weight z to the nearest pound, height x to the nearest inch, and
age y to the nearest year of 12 boys.
Weight (z) 66 71 53 67 55 58 77 57 56 51 76 68
Height (x) 57 59 49 62 51 50 55 48 52 42 61 57
Age (y) 8 10 6 11 8 7 10 9 10 6 12 9

a) Find the least square regression equation of z on x and y.

b) Determine the estimated values of z from the given values of x and y.
c) Estimate the weight of bot who is 9 years old and 54 inches tall.
 d) Find the coefficient of correlation between z and x.
25. Table shows corresponding values of 3 variables x, y, z. Find the linear least square
regression of z on x and y and hence estimate z when x=10, y=6.
x 3 5 6 8 12 14
y 16 10 7 4 3 2
z 90 72 54 42 30 12

Answers:
1. 0.78
2. –0.697
3. –0.12014
4. a) x̅ =, 13 y̅ = 17 b) 𝜎y= 4 c) r=0.6
5. 2/3
6. r=0.8062
7. r=–0.919 line of regression of y on x is y=–0.65x+11.9 and line of regression of
x on y is x=–1.3y+16.4
8. y=15.49–0.675x
9. x̅ = 6, y̅ = 1 , r=–0.49
10. x̅ = 15.935, y̅ = 3.67 , r=–0.66
11. x̅ =67.6, y̅ = 68.61 , r=0.514
12. x̅ = 4, y̅ = 3, 𝜎x2 =4 , r=0.8
13. y=0.611x+10.5, x=1.478y–1.143, y=28.83
14. y=0.94x+92.26, blood pressure=134.56
15. x̅ =13, y̅ =17 , r=0.6
16.
a) Geometric
b) (x̅ ,y̅ )
c) Greater
d) -1 , 1
e) 0
f) –0.3
g) ∑y=na+b∑x+c∑x2 , ∑xy=a∑x+b∑x2 +c∑x3 , ∑x2y=a∑x2 +b∑x3+c∑x4
h) Coefficient of regression
i) Perpendicular
 j) ±1
17. a) x̅ =4, y̅ =3 , b) r=4/5, c) 𝜎x2 =4, d) 𝜎x=2, 𝜎y=4
18. a) If r=0, then there is no relationship between the two variables and they are
independent. When r=0, we get θ=π/2, so the regression lines are perpendicular.
b) If r=1 or –1, we get θ=0, so the lines coincide and the correlation is perfect.
19. r=0.6, 10y=x+530
20. r=0.6324
21. r=–1
22. r=0.545

23. r=0.7221

24. a) z=a+bx+cy=3.6512+0.8546x+1.5063y

b)
z 65.2 69.1 54.5 73.2 59.2 66.9 75.7 68.2 73.1 58.5 83.8 75.9
684 356 644 057 862 253 172 287 534 822 574 201

c) z=63.3563

d) r (z,x)= 0.77058

25. z=61.4–3.6x+2.53y , z=40.58 when x=10, y=6