Practice Problems Set #1 Probability Theory
Assignment Ex. Sec title/ Page # Problems (16)
Chapter 3 Sec 3.4 the Axioms of probability 41,45,48,49
Sec 3.5 Some Elementary Theorems
Sec. 3.6 Conditional Probability 58,64, 65,67, 73,74
Sec. 3.7 Bayes’ Theorem
Review Exercise 84, 89, 92, 95, 98,99
Tutorial
1. Review :
a. Set Theory operations
b. Sec3.1 Sample space, events
c. Sec 3.2 Counting
d. Sec 3.3 Classical Probability Definition
2. Show that :
a) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ≤ 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 1
b) P( A B | C ) = P( A | C ) + P( B | C ) − P( A B | C )
c) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐶 |𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐴|𝐶) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵|𝐶)
d) 𝑃((𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 )′| 𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝐴′| 𝐵 )
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵 )𝑃(𝐵)+(𝐴|𝐶 )𝑃(𝐶)
e) If B, C are disjoint, then for any other event A, (𝐴|𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐵)+𝑃(𝐶)
f) If P(A|B) > P(A) , prove that 𝑃(𝐴𝑐 |𝐵) < 𝑃(𝐴𝑐 )
3. Let 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.7 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.4 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.2 . Find 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵|𝐵𝑐 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃((𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)𝑐 |𝐴)
1 2
4. A and B are two events with 𝑃(𝐴) = and 𝑃(𝐵) = . Can A and B be two mutually exclusive
2 3
events? Why?
5. A box contains 15 non-defective items and 3 defective items, take two items one after the other
without replacement, Find the probability that the first item is defective given that the second one
is non-defective.
6. The data from 200 machined parts are summarized as follows:
Above-target bore depth Below-target bore depth
coarse edge condition 15 10
moderate edge condition 25 20
smooth edge condition 50 80
a. What is the probability that a part selected has a moderate edge condition or below
target bore depth?
b. What is the probability that a part selected does not have neither moderate edge
condition nor a below target bore depth?
Prof. Dr. Maha A. Hassanein
Practice Problems Set #1 Probability Theory
7. A production process of electronic parts has 1% probability of defective parts. During a test of
500 parts:
a) What is the probability that exactly 3 would be found defective?
b) What is the probability that more than 3 would be found defective?
c) If 15 parts are found to be defective in the 500 tested, Is the assumption that the process has
1% defective holds, yes or no ? State why using computed probability.
8. Let P ( A) = 0.45, P ( B ) = 0.25 & P (C ) = 0.3 , A & B & C are mutually disjoint and if
P ( A D) = 0.2, P ( D | B ) = 0.3 & P ( D | C ) = 0.1
Find 𝑃(𝐷|𝐴), 𝑃(𝐷)&𝑃(𝐶|𝐷)
9. A shipment contain 50 personal computers PC, 5 of which are defective. Three PCs are to be
selected at random one after the other, without replacement. Find the probability that:
a) The first two will be non-defective and the 3rd will be Defective.
b) At most two of the selected PCs will be defective.
10. In a telephone exchange, four types of errors that cause more than five minutes-delay in calls
has the probability of occurrence 30%, 17%, 26% and 27%, respectively. A five-minute-delay in
calls D occurs due to the errors with probability 3 %, 1 %, 2% and 4% , respectively. Find the
probability of the five-minute-delay in calls D. What is the most likely error that caused the
delay? Show why?
11. A printer manufacturer obtained the following probabilities from a database of test results.
Printer failures are associated with three types of problems: hardware, software, and other (such
as connectors), with probabilities 0.2, 0.55, and 0.25, respectively. If there is a hardware problem,
the printer will fail definitely. On the other hand, the probability of a printer failure given a
software problem is 0.2 while the probability of a printer failure is 0.5 given any other type of
problem.
a. What is the probability of a printer failure?
b. What is the probability of a printer failure if the printer does not have a software
problem?
c. For a failed printer, what is the probability that it has a software problem?
Prof. Dr. Maha A. Hassanein