ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (CHM219)
FIRST SEMESTER TUTORIAL QUESTIONS 200L
1. Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 5.0 g of NaOH
(Molar mass = 40 g/mol) in 250 mL of water.
Answer:
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2. What is the primary focus of analytical chemistry?
A) Synthesizing new compounds
B) Characterizing the composition of matter
C) Studying reaction mechanisms
D) Developing pharmaceuticals
Answer: B) Characterizing the composition of matter
3. A 70% (w/w) HNO₃ solution means:
A) 70 g HNO₃ per 100 mL solution
B) 70 g HNO₃ per 100 g solution
C) 70 mol HNO₃ per liter
D) 70% volume of HNO₃ in water
Answer: B) 70 g HNO₃ per 100 g solution
4. Define accuracy and precision in analytical chemistry. Provide an example to
illustrate the difference.
Answer:
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5. Which of the following describes a specific reaction?
A) A reaction that occurs with multiple substances
B) A reaction that occurs only with the substance of interest
C) A reaction that is temperature-dependent
D) A reaction that requires a catalyst
Answer: B) A reaction that occurs only with the substance of interest
6. A 25.0 mL sample of HCl required 18.4 mL of 0.100 M NaOH for
neutralization. Calculate the molarity of the HCl solution.
Answer:
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7. Which technique separates molecules based on size using porous gel beads?
A) HPLC
B) Gel Permeation Chromatography
C) Ion Exchange
D) Electrophoresis
Answer: B) Gel Permeation Chromatography
8. Calculate the equivalent weight and normality for a solution of 6.0 M H3PO4
given the following reactions:
9. Calculate the molality of a solution with 25 g NaCl dissolved in 500 g of water
(density = 1.0 g/mL).
Answer:
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10. The equivalence point in a titration is:
A) The point where the indicator changes color
B) The theoretical point of stoichiometric reaction completion
C) The midpoint of the titration curve
D) The point where pH equals 7
Answer: B) The theoretical point of stoichiometric reaction completion
11. Which optical method measures fluorescence emission?
A) UV-Vis Spectroscopy
B) Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
C) Fluorescence Spectroscopy
D) Raman Spectroscopy
Answer: C) Fluorescence Spectroscopy
12. Explain the purpose of a masking agent in complexometric titrations, and give
one example.
Answer:
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13. In gravimetric analysis, the precipitate is ignited to:
A) Increase its solubility
B) Convert it to a known composition
C) Change its color
D) Reduce its mass
Answer: B) Convert it to a known composition
14. The distribution ratio in solvent extraction refers to:
A) The ratio of solute in organic to aqueous phase
B) The ratio of solvent densities
C) The temperature dependence of solubility
D) The volume of solvent used
Answer: A) The ratio of solute in organic to aqueous phase
15. A 0.500 g sample of ore yielded 0.250 g of Mg₂P₂O₇ (FW = 222.6) in
gravimetric analysis. Calculate the % phosphorus (P) in the ore (Atomic mass of P
= 30.97).
Answer:
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16. Convert 250 ppm NaCl (w/v) to % (w/v) concentration.
Answer:
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17. Which optical method uses molecular vibration to determine functional
groups?
A. UV-Vis spectroscopy
B. Fluorescence spectroscopy
C. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy
D. Atomic absorption
Answer: C). Infrared (IR) spectroscopy
18. A 50.0 mL aliquot of 0.200 M AgNO₃ reacts with 30.0 mL of Na₂CO₃ solution.
Calculate the molarity of Na₂CO₃.
Answer:
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19. Describe the steps to prepare 1.0 L of 0.1 M H₂SO₄ from a concentrated stock
(18.4 M).
Answer:
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20. In HPLC, the stationary phase is usually:
A. Water
B. Silica
C. Air
D. Organic solvent
Answer: B). Silica
21. A hydrochloric acid solution is standardized by titrating 0.2329g of primary
standard sodium carbonate to a methyl red end point by boiling the carbonate
solution near the end point to remove carbon dioxide. If 42.87mL acid is required
for the titration. What is its molarity?
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22. Differentiate between systematic and random errors, and suggest one way to
minimize each.
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23. What are types of Errors?
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24. How to prepare 200 mL of solution with concentration of 1% (w/v) NaOH
starting from NaOH 20 %?
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25. Which technique separates analytes based on their molecular size?
A. Electrophoresis
B. Ion exchange chromatography
C. Gel permeation chromatography
D. Solvent extraction
Answer: C). Gel permeation chromatography
26. Describe how you would prepare the following three solutions: (a) 500 mL of
approximately 0.20 M NaOH using solid NaOH; (b) 1 L of 150.0 ppm Cu2+ using
Cu metal; and (c) 2 L of 4% v/v acetic acid using concentrated glacial acetic acid?
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27. Why is primary standard important in titrimetry? List two properties of a good
primary standard.
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28. Explain the term “selective precipitation” in relation to masking agents.
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29. Calculate the amount (in moles) of a solute extracted from an aqueous layer of
100 mL with a distribution ratio of 5 into 50 mL of organic solvent. Initial
concentration = 0.1 mol/L.
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30. Define masking agent and give two uses.
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