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Number System Chapter Guide

The document provides a comprehensive study guide on the number system, detailing the hierarchy of real numbers including natural, whole, integers, rational, and irrational numbers. It explains decimal expansions for rational and irrational numbers, laws of exponents, and the process of rationalization. Additionally, it covers digital number systems used in computing, such as binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal.

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2 views2 pages

Number System Chapter Guide

The document provides a comprehensive study guide on the number system, detailing the hierarchy of real numbers including natural, whole, integers, rational, and irrational numbers. It explains decimal expansions for rational and irrational numbers, laws of exponents, and the process of rationalization. Additionally, it covers digital number systems used in computing, such as binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal.

Uploaded by

sabhijay21
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The Number System

A Comprehensive Study Guide

1. Real Numbers Hierarchy

Real numbers are the foundation of mathematics. They can be visualized on a


continuous number line.

Category Definition Examples

Natural (N) Counting numbers starting from 1. 1, 2, 3, 4, ...

Whole (W) Natural numbers including 0. 0, 1, 2, 3, ...

Integers (Z) Whole numbers and their negatives. ..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ...

Rational (Q) Numbers in p/q form (q ≠ 0). 1/2, 0.75, -5, 22/7

Irrational Cannot be expressed as p/q. π, √2, 1.010010001...

2. Decimal Expansions

Rational Numbers

• Terminating: The expansion stops (e.g., 1/2 = 0.5).


• Non-terminating Repeating: A digit or block repeats (e.g., 1/3 = 0.333...).

Irrational Numbers

• Non-terminating Non-repeating: The decimals go on forever without a pattern.

3. Laws of Exponents

For non-zero real numbers a and b, and rational exponents m and n:


1. am × an = am+n
2. (am)n = amn
3. am / an = am-n
4. am × bm = (ab)m
5. a0 = 1

4. Rationalization

This is the process of eliminating a radical (square root) from the denominator of a
fraction.

Example: Rationalize 1 / √2.


Multiply numerator and denominator by √2: (1 × √2) / (√2 × √2) = √2 / 2.

5. Digital Number Systems

In computing, different bases are used to represent data:

• Binary (Base 2): Uses 0 and 1.


• Octal (Base 8): Uses digits 0-7.
• Decimal (Base 10): Uses digits 0-9.
• Hexadecimal (Base 16): Uses 0-9 and A-F (where A=10, B=11...).

Generated Mathematical Study Material • Chapter: Number System

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